Geography (from Greekγεωγραφία, geographia, lit. "earth description") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, the features, the inhabitants, and the phenomena of Earth. A literal translation would be "to describe or picture or write about the earth". The first person to use the word "geography" was Eratosthenes (276–194 BC). Four historical traditions in geographical research are spatial analysis of the natural and the human phenomena (geography as the study of distribution), area studies (places and regions), study of the human-land relationship, and research in the Earth sciences. Nonetheless, modern geography is an all-encompassing discipline that foremost seeks to understand the Earth and all of its human and natural complexities—not merely where objects are, but how they have changed and come to be. Geography has been called "the world discipline" and "the bridge between the human and the physical science". Geography is divided into two main branches: human geography and physical geography.
Word chain, also known as Grab on Behind, Last and First, Alpha and Omega, and The Name Game. is a word game in which players come up with words that begin with the letter or letters that the previous word ended with. A category of words is usually chosen, there is a time limit such as five seconds, and words may not be repeated in the same game. An example chain for food would be: Soup - Peas - Sugar - Rice.
The version of the game in which cities are used is called Geography.
Related games
A similar Japanese game is Shiritori, in which the word must begin with the last syllable, or kana, of the previous word. It includes a rule for loss: words ending with N may not be used since the kana is never used in the beginning of words. The game Antakshari (ant means end, akshar means letter), played in India, Pakistan and Nepal also involves chaining, but with verses of movie songs (usually Bollywood songs). In Russia a game similar to the Word chain is called Words (Russian: слова).
The Geography (Greek: Γεωγραφικὴ Ὑφήγησις, Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis, lit."Geographical Guidance"), also known by its Latin names as the Geographia and the Cosmographia, is a gazeteer, an atlas, and a treatise on cartography, compiling the geographical knowledge of the 2nd-century Roman Empire. Originally written by Ptolemy in Greek at Alexandria around AD150, the work was a revision of a now-lost atlas by Marinus of Tyre using additional Roman and Persian gazetteers and new principles. Its translation into Arabic in the 9th century and Latin in 1406 was highly influential on the geographical knowledge and cartographic traditions of the medieval Caliphate and Renaissance Europe.
Manuscripts
Versions of Ptolemy's work in antiquity were probably proper atlases with attached maps, although some scholars aver that the references to maps in the text were later additions.
No Greek manuscript of the Geography survives from earlier than the 13th century. A letter written by the ByzantinemonkMaximus Planudes records that he searched for one for Chora Monastery in the summer of 1295; one of the earliest surviving texts may have been one of those he then assembled. In Europe, maps were sometimes made redrawn using the coördinates provided by the text, as Planudes was forced to do. Later scribes and publishers could then copy these new maps, as Athanasius did for the emperorAndronicus II Palaeologus. The three earliest surviving texts with maps are those from Constantinople (Istanbul) based on Planudes's work.
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A beautifully written study of our longest numbered route, the A1, is full of rich asides and haunting explorations, conjuring the visual pleasure of a road movie ... ....
Donald Trump has received backlash after making a rather embarrassing admission showing off his lack of geography knowledge, with critics declaring he is the 'dumbest president ever' ... .
) Conquering Geography Olympiad, Fiola Febioni Pemali Boarding School PT Timah Student Continues to Make Achievements ... (PBS) program, in achieving achievements in the field of geography Olympiad.
Calling Mamata a 'failed CM', Majumdar linked her remark to the Supreme Court ruling that upheld the cancellation of the 2016 recruitment of over 25,700 teachers and non-teaching staff for state ...
It explores the new urban geographies of rentier capitalism in Africa...The new urban geographies of rentier capitalism in Africa' Antipode 2024 ... The new urban geographies of ...
A tiny church in a rural eastern North Carolina hamlet of about 400, is reaching hundreds of thousands of people worldwide, broadcasting across the global superhighway ... .
TEHRAN – In a display of technological sovereignty, Iran’s defense sector has achieved a milestone that underscores its transformation from a pre-revolutionary dependency to a military innovator ... .
Reflector
13 Apr 2025