Badge

Badges are colored text elements containing small bits of information.

Badges are colored text elements containing small bits of information. They’re used for labeling content, displaying metadata and/or highlighting information.

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Span pending = new Span("Pending");
pending.getElement().getThemeList().add("badge");

Span confirmed = new Span("Confirmed");
confirmed.getElement().getThemeList().add("badge success");

Span denied = new Span("Denied");
denied.getElement().getThemeList().add("badge error");

Span onHold = new Span("On hold");
onHold.getElement().getThemeList().add("badge contrast");

Note

Import styles

Badge is a set of CSS classes rather than a web / Flow component. The Badge-specific CSS classes are available as part of the Lumo theme. To use these classes in your application, enable them in your theme’s theme.json:

{
  "lumoImports": [<...>, "badge"]
}

The theme.json is located in the theme folder at /src/main/frontend/themes/<my-theme>/theme.json.

Label

Badges should contain a label. Labels should be clear, concise, and written using sentence case. Aim for 1 to 2 words.

Icons

Badges can contain icons as well as text. Icons can be placed on either side of the text.

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// Icon before text
Span pending1 = new Span(createIcon(VaadinIcon.CLOCK),
        new Span("Pending"));
pending1.getElement().getThemeList().add("badge");

// Icon after text
Span pending2 = new Span(new Span("Pending"),
        createIcon(VaadinIcon.CLOCK));
pending2.getElement().getThemeList().add("badge");

...

private Icon createIcon(VaadinIcon vaadinIcon) {
    Icon icon = vaadinIcon.create();
    icon.getStyle().set("padding", "var(--lumo-space-xs)");
    return icon;
}

Note	Use icons sparingly The benefit of using icons should be weighed against the visual noise it adds.

Icon-Only

Badges can also be used with icons without a label. For accessibility, a tooltip and aria-label attribute is recommended to ensure that all users can identify their meaning.

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Icon confirmed = createIcon(VaadinIcon.CHECK, "Confirmed");
confirmed.getElement().getThemeList().add("badge success");

Icon cancelled = createIcon(VaadinIcon.CLOSE_SMALL, "Cancelled");
cancelled.getElement().getThemeList().add("badge error");

...

private Icon createIcon(VaadinIcon vaadinIcon, String label) {
    Icon icon = vaadinIcon.create();
    icon.getStyle().set("padding", "var(--lumo-space-xs");
    // Accessible label
    icon.getElement().setAttribute("aria-label", label);
    // Tooltip
    icon.getElement().setAttribute("title", label);
    return icon;
}

Icon-only badges should primarily be used for common recurring content with highly standardized, universally understood icons (such as a checkmark for "yes"), and for content that’s repeated, for example in lists and tables.

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grid.addColumn(UserPermissions::getName).setHeader("Name");
grid.addComponentColumn(userPermissions -> createPermissionIcon(
        userPermissions.getView())).setHeader("View");
grid.addComponentColumn(userPermissions -> createPermissionIcon(
        userPermissions.getComment())).setHeader("Comment");
grid.addComponentColumn(userPermissions -> createPermissionIcon(
        userPermissions.getEdit())).setHeader("Edit");

...

private Icon createPermissionIcon(boolean hasPermission) {
    Icon icon;
    if (hasPermission) {
        icon = createIcon(VaadinIcon.CHECK, "Yes");
        icon.getElement().getThemeList().add("badge success");
    } else {
        icon = createIcon(VaadinIcon.CLOSE_SMALL, "No");
        icon.getElement().getThemeList().add("badge error");
    }
    return icon;
}

private Icon createIcon(VaadinIcon vaadinIcon, String label) {
    Icon icon = vaadinIcon.create();
    icon.getStyle().set("padding", "var(--lumo-space-xs");
    // Accessible label
    icon.getElement().setAttribute("aria-label", label);
    // Tooltip
    icon.getElement().setAttribute("title", label);
    return icon;
}

Theme Variants

Badge features theme variants for different sizes, colors, and shapes. You can combine any theme variants together.

Size

Badges have two different sizes you can use: the default (normal) and small. Use the small theme variant to make a badge smaller, for example when space is limited or for compact parts of the UI.

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Span pending = new Span("Pending");
pending.getElement().getThemeList().add("badge small");

Span confirmed = new Span("Confirmed");
confirmed.getElement().getThemeList().add("badge success small");

Span denied = new Span("Denied");
denied.getElement().getThemeList().add("badge error small");

Span onHold = new Span("On hold");
onHold.getElement().getThemeList().add("badge contrast small");

Color

Badges have four different color variants: default, success, error, and contrast. The color variants can be paired with the primary theme variant for additional emphasis.

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// Default variant
Span pending = new Span("Pending");
pending.getElement().getThemeList().add("badge");

// Primary variant
Span pendingPrimary = new Span("Pending");
pendingPrimary.getElement().getThemeList().add("badge primary");

Variant Theme name Usage recommendations

Variant	Theme name	Usage recommendations
Normal		Default style. Recommended for informational messages. This style may be confused with a Button or link.
Success	`Success`	Highlight positive outcomes, such as when a task or operation is completed.
Error	`Error`	Use the error theme variant to communicate alerts, failures, or warnings.
Contrast	`Contrast`	A high-contrast version that improves legibility and distinguishes the badge from the rest of the UI. Recommended for neutral badges (that don’t communicate success or errors).
Primary	`Primary`	Used for important information and/or to draw more attention to your badge. Can be combined with all other theme variants.

Normal

Default style. Recommended for informational messages. This style may be confused with a Button or link.

Success

Success

Highlight positive outcomes, such as when a task or operation is completed.

Error

Error

Use the error theme variant to communicate alerts, failures, or warnings.

Contrast

Contrast

A high-contrast version that improves legibility and distinguishes the badge from the rest of the UI. Recommended for neutral badges (that don’t communicate success or errors).

Primary

Primary

Used for important information and/or to draw more attention to your badge. Can be combined with all other theme variants.

Note

Accessibility

Assistive technologies, such as screen readers, interpret badges solely based on their content. Without proper context, they may end up confusing the user. If you are using colors and icons to convey information, provide the same info via aria-label to ensure that screen readers can interpret the information.

Shape

Applying the pill theme variant produces a badge with rounded corners. It can aid in making badges and buttons more distinct from one another.

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Span pending = new Span("Pending");
pending.getElement().getThemeList().add("badge pill");

Span confirmed = new Span("Confirmed");
confirmed.getElement().getThemeList().add("badge success pill");

Span denied = new Span("Denied");
denied.getElement().getThemeList().add("badge error pill");

Span onHold = new Span("On hold");
onHold.getElement().getThemeList().add("badge contrast pill");

Use Cases

Highlighting and Distinguishing Information

A typical use case for badges is to highlight an item’s status, for example in a Grid.

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grid.addComponentColumn(report -> createStatusBadge(report.getStatus()))
        .setHeader("Status");

...

private Span createStatusBadge(String status) {
    String theme;
    switch (status) {
    case "In progress":
        theme = "badge primary";
        break;
    case "Completed":
        theme = "badge success primary";
        break;
    case "Cancelled":
        theme = "badge error primary";
        break;
    default:
        theme = "badge contrast primary";
        break;
    }
    Span badge = new Span(status);
    badge.getElement().getThemeList().add(theme);
    return badge;
}

They are also often used for displaying metadata tags.

Interactive Content

Badges can house interactive content such as Anchors and Buttons. For example, Badges that highlight active filters might contain a "Clear" Button which removes the associated filter.

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HorizontalLayout badges = new HorizontalLayout();
badges.getStyle().set("flex-wrap", "wrap");

ComboBox<String> comboBox = new ComboBox<>("Profession");
comboBox.setItems(DataService.getProfessions());
comboBox.addValueChangeListener(e -> {
    Span filterBadge = createFilterBadge(e.getValue());
    badges.add(filterBadge);
});

...

private Span createFilterBadge(String profession) {
    Button clearButton = new Button(VaadinIcon.CLOSE_SMALL.create());
    clearButton.addThemeVariants(ButtonVariant.LUMO_CONTRAST,
            ButtonVariant.LUMO_TERTIARY_INLINE);
    clearButton.getStyle().set("margin-inline-start",
            "var(--lumo-space-xs)");
    // Accessible button name
    clearButton.getElement().setAttribute("aria-label",
            "Clear filter: " + profession);
    // Tooltip
    clearButton.getElement().setAttribute("title",
            "Clear filter: " + profession);

    Span badge = new Span(new Span(profession), clearButton);
    badge.getElement().getThemeList().add("badge contrast pill");

    // Add handler for removing the badge
    clearButton.addClickListener(event -> {
        badge.getElement().removeFromParent();
    });

    return badge;
}

Counter

Badges can be used as counters, for example to show the number of unread/new messages, selection count, etc.

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Tabs tabs = new Tabs(createTab("Inbox", 12), createTab("Important", 3),
        createTab("Spam", 45), createTab("Archive", 23));

...

private static Tab createTab(String labelText, int messageCount) {
    Span label = new Span(labelText);
    Span counter = new Span(String.valueOf(messageCount));
    counter.getElement().getThemeList().add("badge pill small contrast");
    counter.getStyle().set("margin-inline-start", "var(--lumo-space-s)");
    // Accessible badge label
    String counterLabel = String.format("%d unread messages", messageCount);
    counter.getElement().setAttribute("aria-label", counterLabel);
    counter.getElement().setAttribute("title", counterLabel);

    return new Tab(label, counter);
}

Assistive technologies, such as screen readers, interpret badges solely based on their content. Without proper context, they may end up confusing the user. To provide context for people using screen readers, set the badge’s aria-label attribute.

Best Practices

Badge vs Button

Badges and Buttons are similar in appearance. This might lead users to think that badges are interactive.

Placement, language, shape, and color can all help mitigate any confusion. First, badges shouldn’t be labeled with active verbs. They aren’t actions, but rather static text/content. Second, avoid placing badges directly next to Buttons, in particular if they are using similar themes. The pill theme variant may aid in making badges and Buttons more distinct from one another.

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