Citohromski kompleks ili cyt c je mali hemoprotein koji je labavo povezan sa unutrašnjom membranom mitohondrija. On spada u proteinsku porodicu citohroma c. Vrlo je rastvoran u vodi, za razliku od drugih citohroma, i bitna je komponenta u transportnog lanca elektrona, gde prenosi jedan elektron. Ovaj enzim ima sposobnost vršenja reakcija oksidacije i redukcije, mada ne vezuje kiseonik. Ovaj citohrom prenosi elektrone između kompleksa III (Koenzim Q - Cyt c reduktaze) i IV (Cyt c oksidaze). Kod ljudi, citohrom je kodiran sa CYCS genom.[1][2]
Dok je većina hemnih proteina vezana za prostetičku grupu putem ligacije jona gvožđa i tercijarnih interakcija, hemna grupa citohroma c formira tioetarske veze sa dva cisteinska bočna lanca proteina.[3] Jedno od glavnih svojstava hema c, koje omogućava citohromu c da ima mnoštvo različitih funkcija, je njegova sposobnost poprimanja različitih redukcionih potencijala. To svojstvo određuje kinetiku i termodinamiku reakcija elektronskog transfera.[4]
Citohrom c može da katalizuje nekoliko redoks reakcija, kao što je hidroksilacija i aromatičnaoksidacija, i manifestuje peroksidaznu aktivnosti putem oksidacije raznih elektronskih donora kao što je 2,2-azino-bis(3-etilbenztiazolin-6-sulfonska kiselina) (ABTS), 2-keto-4-tiometil butirna kiselina i 4-aminoantipirin.
Citohrom c je visoko konzervirani protein u spektru vrsta, a može se naći u biljkama, životinjama i mnogim jednoćelijskim organizmima. Usled svojih malih dimenzija (molekulska težina je oko 12.000 Daltona), pogodan je za kladističke analite. Zato je molekul citohroma ‘’c široko proučavan u evolucionoj biologiji.[6]
Primarne strukture sličnih vrsta razlikuju se samo u nekoliko aminokiselina, što je važan kriterijum za taksonomsku klasifikaciju živih bića i pokazatelj njihovog evolucijskog razvoja.[7]
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^Kang X, Carey J (1999). „Role of heme in structural organization of cytochrome c probed by semisynthesis”. Biochemistry. 38 (48): 15944—51. PMID10625461. doi:10.1021/bi9919089.
^Zhao Y, Wang ZB, Xu JX (2003). „Effect of cytochrome c on the generation and elimination of O2– and H2O2 in mitochondria”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (4): 2356—60. PMID12435729. doi:10.1074/jbc.M209681200.
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