Hmong

Hmong, eller Mong, er et folk som lever i Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Burma og Kina, og siden Vietnamkrigen også i USA.

De utgjør sammenlagt 4-5 millioner og taler fremst hmongspråket. Av religiøs tilhørighet er de oftest buddhister.

Hmong regnes i Kina som en del av minoritetsgruppen miao.

Under Vietnamkrigen kjempet den laotiske og vietnamesiske hmong-minoriteten på amerikanernes side, noe som medførte at de da USA trakk ut sine styrker fra landet i 1973 ble Hmong-folket i Vietnam diskriminert og forfulgt av landets kommunistiske regime. Derfor har en stor del av hmongbefolkningen i Vietnam emigrert til USA.

I USA har de oftest slått seg ned i Fresno og Merced i California, og i St. Paul i Minnesota. Hmongfolket forekommer i Clint Eastwoods film Gran Torino fra 2008. De forekommer også i säsong 2 av Grey's Anatomy der en ung syk pike er hmong. En vanlig seremoni utføres i programmet som en del av historien. I TV-serien House, sesong 8, avsnitt 18, behandler House og hans team en gutt fra hhmongfolket. I flertallet scener er det innslag med sterk og dramatisk tilknytning til khmongkulturen.

Litteratur

Fadiman, Anne (1997). The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down: A Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, and the Collision of Two Cultures. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 0-374-26781-2.
Forbes, Andrew, and Henley, David, 'Chiang Mai's Hill Peoples' in: Ancient Chiang Mai Volume 3. Chiang Mai, Cognoscenti Books, 2012. ASIN: B006IN1RNW
Hillmer, Paul. A People’s History of the Hmong (Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2010) 327 pp. ISBN 978-0-87351-726-3
[TYPN 1992] The section on nomenclature draws heavily on Thai-Yunnan Project Newsletter, Number 17, June 1992, Department of Anthropology, Australian National University. Material from that newsletter may be freely reproduced with due acknowledgment.
W.R. Geddes. Migrants of the Mountains: The Cultural Ecology of the Blue Miao (Hmong Njua) of Thailand. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1976.
Tapp, N., J.Michaud, C.Culas, G.Y.Lee (Eds) 2004 Hmong/Miao in Asia. Chiang Mai (Thailand): Silkworm, 500p.
Vang, Chia Youyee. Hmong America: Reconstructing Community in Diaspora (University of Illinois Press; 2011) 200 pages; Combines scholarly and personal perspectives in an ethnographic history of the Hmong refugee experience in the United States.
Edkins, The Miau-tsi Tribes. Foochow: 1870.
Henry, Lingnam. London: 1886.
Bourne, Journey in Southwest China. London: 1888.
A. H. Keaw, Man: Past and Present. Cambridge: 1900.
Chisholm, Hugh, red. (1911). «Miaotsze». Encyclopædia Britannica (11th utg.). Cambridge University Press.
Johnson, Charles. Dab Neeg Hmoob: Myths, Legends and Folk Tales from the Hmong of Laos. St. Paul, Minnesota: Macalester College, 1983. - bilingual oral literature anthology, includes introduction and explanatory notes from a language professor who had sponsored the first Hmong family to arrive in Minnesota
Lee, Mai Na M. "The Thousand-Year Myth: Construction and Characterization of Hmong." (Archive) Hmong Studies Journal. v2n2. Northern hemisphere Spring 1998.
Meneses, Rashaan. "Hmong: An Endangered People." UCLA International Institute.
Merritt, Tragic Mountains: The Hmong, the Americans, and the Secret Wars for Laos, 1942–1992. Indiana: 1999.
Mottin, Father Jean. History of the Hmong. Bangkok: Odeon Store, 1980. written in Khek Noi, a Hmong village in northern Thailand, Translated into English by an Irish nun, printed in Bangkok.
Quincy, Keith. Hmong: History of a People. Cheney, Wash.: Eastern Washington University Press, 1988.
Savina, F.M. Histoire des Miao. 2nd Edition. Hong Kong: Impremerie de la Société des Missions-Etrangères de Paris, 1930. Written by a French missionary who worked in Laos and Tonkin.
George, William Lloyd. "Hmong Refugees Live in Fear in Laos and Thailand Arkivert 18. juli 2013 hos Wayback Machine.." TIME. Saturday July 24, 2010.
Hookaway, James. "Thai Army Forces Out Refugees." The Wall Street Journal. December 28, 2009.