strive
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English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle English striven (“to strive”), from Old French estriver (“to compete, quarrel”), from Frankish *strīban (“to exert, make an effort”) from Proto-Germanic *strībaną, or from Frankish *stribēn (“to strive”) from Proto-Germanic *stribāną.
As this verb is conjugated as if it were a strong verb (like drive, ride, and write), it's possible this word may instead be inherited from an unattested Old English *strīfan or *strifian, which would itself also be inherited from Proto-Germanic *strībaną.
Verb
[edit]strive (third-person singular simple present strives, present participle striving, simple past strove or strived, past participle striven or strived or (nonstandard, colloquial) strove)
- To try to achieve a result; to make strenuous effort; to try earnestly and persistently.
- He strove to excel.
- We strive for the truth.
- 1946 May and June, J. Alan Rannie, “The Midland of 35 Years Ago”, in Railway Magazine, page 200:
- Though the writer has striven to dwell on aspects that have passed, or are passing away, it will be apparent that many features of Midland practice have been adopted as standard for the L.M.S.R. and other railways.
- 2021 January 13, Christian Wolmar, “Read all about London's Cathedrals of Steam”, in RAIL, number 922, page 62:
- Moreover, on several occasions, terminus stations such as Nine Elms, Bishop's Bridge, Maiden Lane and Bishopgate were built rather further away from the centre of London, only to be dispensed with as the various railway companies strove to get as near as possible to the lucrative markets of the City and the West End.
- To struggle in opposition; to be in contention or dispute; to contend; to contest.
- to strive against fate
- 1668, John Denham, “On the Earl of Strafford’s Tryal and Death”, in Poems and Translations, with The Sophy, 4th edition, London: […] [John Macock] for H[enry] Herringman […], →OCLC:
- Now private pity strove with public hate, / Reason with rage, and eloquence with fate.
- 1906, Lord Dunsany [i.e., Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany], Time and the Gods[1], London: William Heineman, →OCLC, page 7:
- We have met this new thing that has come upon the earth and have striven against its armies, but could not drive them forth; and the new thing is beautiful but very angry, and is creeping towards the gods.
- To vie; to compete as a rival.
- 1667, John Milton, “Book IV”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
- [Not] that sweet grove
Of Daphne, by Orontes and the inspired
Castalian spring, might with this paradise
Of Eden strive.
Usage notes
[edit]- This often occurs as a catenative verb that takes the to infinitive. See Appendix:English catenative verbs
- The strong or irregular forms "strove" and "striven" are more commonly used in print than "strived".
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of strive
| infinitive | (to) strive | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | past tense | ||
| 1st-person singular | strive | strove, strived | |
| 2nd-person singular | |||
| 3rd-person singular | strives | ||
| plural | strive | ||
| subjunctive | strive | strove, strived | |
| imperative | strive | — | |
| participles | striving | striven, strived, strove (nonstandard, colloquial) | |
Synonyms
[edit]- put/keep/&c. one's nose to the grindstone, put one's back into, give 110%, break one's back, work hard, apply oneself, put one's shoulder to the wheel
Related terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]to sincerely try to achieve, to make one's best effort
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to struggle in opposition
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Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]strive (plural strives)
Further reading
[edit]- “strive”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
- “strive”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
Anagrams
[edit]Categories:
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/aɪv
- Rhymes:English/aɪv/1 syllable
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from Frankish
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English lemmas
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- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English class 1 strong verbs
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