-ra

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ra"

Basque

Alternative forms

-era (after consonants)

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)

Suffix

-ra

Allative singular suffix.
‎ibai (“river”) + ‎-ra → ‎ibaira (“to the river”)
[with verbal noun] in order to

Declension

Basque inflectional suffixes
		indefinite	singular	plural	proximal plural
absolutive		-∅	-a	-ak	-ok
ergative		-(e)k	-ak	-ek	-ok
dative		-(r)i	-ari	-ei	-oi
genitive		-(r)en	-aren	-en	-on
comitative		-(r)ekin	-arekin	-ekin	-okin
causative		-(r)engatik	-arengatik	-engatik	-ongatik
benefactive		-(r)entzat	-arentzat	-entzat	-ontzat
instrumental		-(e)z	-az	-ez	-oz
inessive	anim	-(r)engan	-arengan	-engan	-ongan
inessive	inan	-(e)tan	-an	-etan	-otan
locative	anim	―	―	―	―
locative	inan	-(e)tako	-(e)ko	-etako	-otako
allative	anim	-(r)engana	-arengana	-engana	-ongana
allative	inan	-(e)tara	-(e)ra	-etara	-otara
terminative	anim	-(r)enganaino	-arenganaino	-enganaino	-onganaino
terminative	inan	-(e)taraino	-(e)raino	-etaraino	-otaraino
directive	anim	-(r)enganantz	-arenganantz	-enganantz	-onganantz
directive	inan	-(e)tarantz	-(e)rantz	-etarantz	-otarantz
destinative	anim	-(r)enganako	-arenganako	-enganako	-onganako
destinative	inan	-(e)tarako	-(e)rako	-etarako	-otarako
ablative	anim	-(r)engandik	-arengandik	-engandik	-ongandik
ablative	inan	-(e)tatik	-(e)tik	-etik	-otik
partitive		-(r)ik	―	―	―
prolative		-tzat	―	―	―

Derived terms

Basque terms suffixed with -ra

References

“-ra” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk

Finnish

Alternative forms

-r

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-ra, from Proto-Finno-Ugric [Term?].

Suffix

-ra (front vowel harmony variant -rä, linguistic notation -rA)

Forms nouns or adjectives, mostly from nominal stems.

Derived terms

Garo

Suffix

-ra

used to make suggestions
Iara?
What about this?

Hungarian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [rɒ]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -rɒ

Suffix

-ra/-re (sublative case suffix)

(of place) onto, on
asztal (“table”) → Tedd az asztalra. ― Put it on the table.
(of time) for, by
pillanat (“moment”) → egy pillanatra ― for a moment

szerda (“Wednesday”) → Kész lesz szerdára? ― Will it be ready by Wednesday?

Usage notes

(sublative case suffix) Variants:
-ra is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
pad (“bench”) → Leültem egy padra. ― I sat down on a bench.

alma (“apple”) → Allergiás vagyok az almára. ― I am allergic to apples.

-re is added to front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.
szék (“chair”) → Leültem egy székre. ― I sat down on a chair.

béke (“peace”) → Mindenki békére vágyik. ― Everyone longs for peace.

Hungarian case suffixes
case	back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú	front vowel
case	back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú	unrounded e, é, i, í	rounded ö, ő, ü, ű
nominative	—
accusative	-t
accusative	-ot / -at	-et	-öt
dative	-nak	-nek
instrumental	-val	-vel
causal-final	-ért
translative	-vá	-vé
terminative	-ig
essive-formal	-ként¹
essive-modal	-ul	-ül
inessive	-ban	-ben
superessive	-n
superessive	-on	-en	-ön
adessive	-nál	-nél
illative	-ba	-be
sublative	-ra	-re
allative	-hoz	-hez	-höz
elative	-ból	-ből
delative	-ról	-ről
ablative	-tól	-től

¹ Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except before -ként.
alma — almában, but almaként
zene ― zenében, but zeneként

Irish

Alternative forms

-radh (obsolete)

Etymology

From Old Irish -rad.

Suffix

-ra m

Collective suffix, attached to nouns or adjectives, used to form nouns: -ry, -y
‎milseog (“dessert”) + ‎-ra → ‎milseogra (“confectionery”)

‎glas (“green”) + ‎-ra → ‎glasra (“vegetable; originally “greenery”)

Declension

Declension of -ra (fourth declension)

bare forms
case	singular	plural
nominative	-ra	-raí
vocative	a -ra	a -raí
genitive	-ra	-raí
dative	-ra	-raí

forms with the definite article
case	singular	plural
nominative	an -ra	na -raí
genitive	an -ra	na -raí
dative	leis an -ra don -ra	leis na -raí

Derived terms

Japanese

Romanization

-ra

Rōmaji transcription of ら

Mayo

Suffix

-ra

Suffix forming adjectives from nouns.
‎cobba (“head”) + ‎-ra → ‎cóbaꞌara (“big-headed”)

Derived terms

Mayo terms suffixed with -ra

References

Collard, Howard, Collard, Elisabeth Scott (1984) Castellano-mayo, mayo-castellano (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas Mariano Silva y Aceves; 6)‎^[1] (in Spanish), third edition, México, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 203

Murui Huitoto

Etymology

From raa (“thing”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [-ɾa]

Classifier

-ra

Classifier for inanimate objects.

Derived terms

Murui Huitoto terms suffixed with -ra

References

Shirley Burtch (1983) Diccionario Huitoto Murui (Tomo I) (Linguistica Peruana No. 20)‎^[2] (in Spanish), Yarinacocha, Peru: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 208
Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017) A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.‎^[3], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 83

Old English

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /rɑ/

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *iʀō, *-ōʀō, from Proto-Germanic *-izô or Proto-Germanic *-ōzô

Suffix

-ra

Used to form the comparative degree of adjectives
‎strang (“strong”) + ‎-ra → ‎strengra (“stronger”)

Declension

Declension of -ra — Weak only

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	-ra	-re	-re
Accusative	-ran	-ran	-re
Genitive	-ran	-ran	-ran
Dative	-ran	-ran	-ran
Instrumental	-ran	-ran	-ran
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	-ran	-ran	-ran
Accusative	-ran	-ran	-ran
Genitive	-ra, -rena	-ra, -rena	-ra, -rena
Dative	-rum	-rum	-rum
Instrumental	-rum	-rum	-rum

Descendants

Middle English: -ere

Etymology 2

Suffix

-ra

Used to form the genitive plural of adjectives
‎strang (“strong”) + ‎-ra → ‎strangra (“of the strong (ones)”)

Slovak

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ra/

Suffix

-ra f

nominal suffix

Usage notes

This suffix is only used for one word: kostra, hence the genitive plural form -or, the dative plural form -ram and the locative plural form -rach are hypothetical.

Declension

Declension of -ra

	singular	plural
nominative	-ra	-ry
genitive	-ry	-ier, -or
dative	-re	-rám, -ram
accusative	-ru	-ry
locative	-re	-rách, -rach
instrumental	-rou	-rami

Derived terms

Slovak terms suffixed with -ra

kostra

case	suffix	who?	what?	this	that	he/she (it)¹	verbal prefix	category
nominative	–	ki	mi	ez	az	ő* / -∅ az / -∅	–	–
accusative	-t / -ot / -at / -et / -öt	kit	mit	ezt	azt	őt* / -∅ azt / -∅	–	c₁ c₂
dative	-nak / -nek	kinek	minek	ennek	annak	neki	neki-	category
instrumental	-val / -vel	kivel	mivel	ezzel/ evvel	azzal/ avval	vele		category
causal-final	-ért	kiért	miért	ezért	azért	érte	–	category
translative	-vá / -vé	kivé	mivé	ezzé	azzá	–	–	category
terminative	-ig	–	meddig	eddig	addig	–	–	category
essive-formal	-ként	(kiként)	(miként)	ekként	akként	–	–	category
essive-modal	-ul / -ül	–	–	–	–	–	–	category
inessive	-ban / -ben	kiben	miben	ebben	abban	benne	–	category
superessive	-n/-on/-en/-ön	kin	min	ezen	azon	rajta	(rajta-)	category
adessive	-nál / -nél	kinél	minél	ennél	annál	nála	–	category
illative	-ba / -be	kibe	mibe	ebbe	abba	bele	bele-	category
sublative	-ra / -re	kire	mire	erre	arra	rá	rá-	category
allative	-hoz/-hez/-höz	kihez	mihez	ehhez	ahhoz	hozzá	hozzá-	category
elative	-ból / -ből	kiből	miből	ebből	abból	belőle	–	category
delative	-ról / -ről	kiről	miről	erről	arról	róla	–	category
ablative	-tól / -től	kitől	mitől	ettől	attól	tőle	–	category