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輪

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 轮 and 輸
輪 U+8F2A, 輪
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F2A
← 輩
[U+8F29] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 輫 →
[U+8F2B]
輪 U+F9D7, 輪
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9D7
← 淪
[U+F9D6] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 律 →
[U+F9D8]

Translingual

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Han character

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輪 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+8, 15 strokes, cangjie input 十十人一月 (JJOMB), four-corner 58027, composition ⿰車侖)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1245, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38400
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1722, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3540, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+8F2A

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (侖) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蜦 *ruːls, *run
綸 *kruːn, *ɡ·run
論 *ruːn, *ruːns, *run
崘 *ruːn
掄 *ruːn, *run
菕 *ruːn
惀 *ruːnʔ, *run
睔 *ɡ·ruːnʔ, *kuːns, *ɡuːnʔ
碖 *ruːnʔ, *ruːns
溣 *ruːns
倫 *run
淪 *run
輪 *run
侖 *run
陯 *run
鯩 *run
棆 *run
踚 *run
耣 *runʔ
錀 *pqʰlun

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *run): semantic 車 (“carriage”) + phonetic 侖 (OC *run).

Etymology 1

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trad. 輪
simp. 轮

Pronunciation

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Note: lúnr - (1) "wheel", (2) (classifier) "round", (3) "12 years".
Note: lun4 - classifier for round of talks, performances, etc..
Rime
Character 輪
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 諄 (47)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力迍切
Baxter lwin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/liuɪn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lʷin/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ljuen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lwin/
Li
Rong 		/liuĕn/
Wang
Li 		/lĭuĕn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/li̯uĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lún
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		leon4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 輪
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lún
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lwin ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]u[n]/
English wheel

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 輪
Reading # 1/1
No. 8663
Phonetic
component 		侖
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		淪
Old
Chinese 		/*run/

Definitions

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輪

  1. wheel
    齒輪／齿轮  ―  chǐlún  ―  gear
    三輪車／三轮车  ―  sānlúnchē  ―  tricycle
  2. Short for 輪船／轮船 (lúnchuán, “steamer; motor ship”).
    貨輪／货轮  ―  huòlún  ―  cargo ship
  3. edge; rim
  4. Classifier for an "edge"-like portion.
    Synonym: 圈
    我又胖了一輪兒！ [MSC, trad.]
    我又胖了一轮儿！ [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ yòu pàng le yī lúnr! [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  5. to take turns
    輪班／轮班  ―  lúnbān  ―  to work in shifts
    輪到你了。／轮到你了。  ―  Lún dào nǐ le.  ―  It's your turn.
    我等咗十幾分鐘都仲未輪到我，真係離晒譜。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    我等咗十几分钟都仲未轮到我，真系离晒谱。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 dang2 zo2 sap6 gei2 fan1 zung1 dou1 zung6 mei6 leon4 dou3 ngo5, zan1 hai6 lei4 saai3 pou2. [Jyutping]
    I've waited for over ten minutes now and it's still not my turn; this is ridiculous.
  6. (chiefly Cantonese) to wait for one's turn
    輪公屋／轮公屋 [Cantonese]  ―  leon4 gung1 uk1 [Jyutping]  ―  to queue for public housing
  7. Classifier for the sun or the round moon.
    一輪明月／一轮明月  ―  yī lún míngyuè  ―  a bright moon
    一輪紅日／一轮红日  ―  yī lún hóngrì  ―  a red sun
  8. Classifier for rounds.
    第二輪談判／第二轮谈判  ―  dì èr lún tánpàn  ―  second round of talks
  9. (comparing people's ages) a cycle of Chinese zodiac, twelve years
    我比他大一輪。／我比他大一轮。  ―  Wǒ bǐ tā dà yī lún.  ―  I'm 12 years older than him.
  10. (slang) Short for 輪姦／轮奸 (lúnjiān, “to gang-rape”).
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 輪子 (“wheel”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 輪, 轔
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 輪子
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 軲轆, 輪子
Taiwan 輪子
Singapore 輪子
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 軲輪兒, 軲輪子, 軲轆 suburbs
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 輪子
Xi'an 軲轆, 輪子
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 軲轆
Lanyin Mandarin Ürümqi 軲轆
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 輪子, 滾滾
Wuhan 滾砣, 滾子
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 輪盤
Hefei 軲轆子
Cantonese Guangzhou 轆
Hong Kong 轆
Yangjiang 輪, 輪仔
Singapore (Guangfu) 輪
Gan Nanchang 砣, 輪子
Lichuan 輪子
Hakka Meixian 輪仔
Yudu 輪子
Jin Taiyuan 軲轆子, 軲攏子, 輪子
Xinzhou 輪子, 軲溜子
Northern Min Jian'ou 輪
Eastern Min Fuzhou 輪輪
Southern Min Xiamen 輦, 輪, 輪仔
Quanzhou 輦
Zhangzhou 輦
Tainan 輦仔
Singapore (Hokkien) 輦
Manila (Hokkien) 輪
Chaozhou 輪
Puning 輦
Singapore (Teochew) 輦
Puxian Min Putian 輦
Xianyou 輦
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 車輪
Wu Shanghai 輪盤
Shanghai (Songjiang) 輪盤
Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong) 輪盤
Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan) 輪盤, 輪子
Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan) 輪盤
Suzhou 輪盤
Suzhou (Lili, Wujiang) 輪盤
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) 輪盤
Changshu 輪盤
Kunshan 輪盤
Jiaxing 輪盤
Changzhou 輪盤
Liyang 輪盤
Changzhou (Jintan) 輪盤
Yixing 輪盤
Danyang 輪盤, 輪子
Danyang (Tongjiaqiao) 輪盤
Jingjiang 輪子, 輪盤, 盤子
Jiangyin 輪盤
Huzhou (Shuanglin) 輪盤
Hangzhou 輪盤, 輪子
Shaoxing 輪盤
Zhuji (Wangjiajing) 輪盤
Shengzhou (Chongren) 輪盤
Shengzhou (Taiping) 輪盤
Ningbo 輪盤, 擂盤 dated
Yuyao 輪盤
Taizhou (Huangyan) 輪盤
Wenzhou 輪盤, 輪
Quzhou 輪盤
Jinhua 輪盤, 司機 euphemistic
Yongkang 輪盤
Xiang Changsha 輪盤, 滾盤, 車盤, 車輪子
Shuangfeng 滾盤, 𱰥盤

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Short for 窩輪／窝轮 (“warrant”), from English warrant.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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輪

  1. (Cantonese, finance, in compounds) warrant
Compounds
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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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輪

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. wheel; ring; loop; hoop; cycle

Readings

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  • Go-on: りん (rin, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: りん (rin, Jōyō)
  • Kun: わ (wa, 輪, Jōyō)
  • Nanori: なわ (nawa)、も (mo)

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
輪
りん
Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

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Counter

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輪(りん) • (-rin) 

  1. wheels
  2. flowers
    一(いち)輪(りん)の花(はな)が咲(さ)く
    ichirin no hana ga saku
    a single flower blooms

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
輪
わ
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *wa.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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輪(わ) • (wa) 

  1. ring; circle
    広(ひろ)い輪(わ)を描(か)いた。
    Hiroi wa o kaita.
    I drew a broad circle.
  2. (by extension) linked network
    被害者(ひがいしゃ)支援(しえん)の輪(わ)
    higaisha shien no wa
    network of support for victims
    話(はなし)の輪(わ)の中(なか)に入(はい)れない
    hanashi no wa no naka ni hairenai
    (please add an English translation of this example)
    友達(ともだち)の輪(わ)に入(はい)れない
    tomodachi no wa ni hairenai
    (please add an English translation of this example)

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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輪 (eumhun 바퀴 륜 (bakwi ryun), word-initial (South Korea) 바퀴 윤 (bakwi yun))

  1. hanja form? of 륜/윤 (“wheel”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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輪: Hán Nôm readings: luân, lon, luôn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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