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緊

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 紧
緊 U+7DCA, 緊
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7DCA
← 緉
[U+7DC9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 緋 →
[U+7DCB]

Translingual

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Han character

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緊 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+8 in Chinese, 糸+9 in Japanese, 14 strokes in Chinese, 15 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 尸水女戈火 (SEVIF), four-corner 77903, composition ⿱臤糸)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 929, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27603
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1367, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3410, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+7DCA

Chinese

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trad. 緊
simp. 紧

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (臣) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
臤 *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins
掔 *kʰriːn, *kʰiːn
慳 *kʰriːn
藖 *ɡriːn, *ɡriːns
堅 *kiːn
鋻 *kiːn, *kiːns
鰹 *kiːn
蜸 *kʰiːnʔ
菣 *kʰiːns, *kʰins
賢 *ɡiːn
礥 *ɡiːn, *ɢrin
臔 *ɡiːnʔ
挋 *kiŋs
臣 *ɡiŋ
茞 *ɡiŋ
腎 *ɡjinʔ
頣 *hŋiŋʔ
緊 *kinʔ
嚚 *ŋɡriŋ
鏗 *kʰreːŋ
摼 *kʰreːŋ
硻 *kʰreːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kinʔ) : phonetic 臤 (OC *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins) + semantic 糸.

Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Note: gêng2 - Jieyang.
Rime
Character 緊
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居忍切
Baxter kjinX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kiɪnX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kinX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kjenX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kinX/
Li
Rong 		/kiĕnX/
Wang
Li 		/kĭĕnX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ki̯ĕnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jǐn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gan2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 緊
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jǐn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kjinX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.qi[n]ʔ/ (I! no palatalization)
English tight

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 緊
Reading # 1/1
No. 1346
Phonetic
component 		臣
Rime
group 		眞
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		緊
Old
Chinese 		/*kinʔ/

Definitions

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緊

  1. tense; tight; taut; tightly
    褲子太緊了。／裤子太紧了。  ―  Kùzi tài jǐn le.  ―  These pants are too tight.
    把瓶口塞緊。／把瓶口塞紧。  ―  Bǎ píngkǒu sāi jǐn.  ―  Stopper the bottle tightly.
    後車跟得太緊／后车跟得太紧  ―  hòuchē gēn dé tài jǐn  ―  the car behind someone is following someone too closely
  2. firm; secure
  3. to tighten
    緊一緊腰帶／紧一紧腰带  ―  jǐn yī jǐn yāodài  ―  to tighten the belt a little
  4. strict
    她把丈夫的收入管得很緊。 [MSC, trad.]
    她把丈夫的收入管得很紧。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā bǎ zhàngfū de shōurù guǎn de hěn jǐn. [Pinyin]
    She strictly controls expenditure of her husband's income.
  5. pressing; urgent
  6. short of money; hard up
    最近手頭很緊。／最近手头很紧。  ―  Zuìjìn shǒutóu hěn jǐn.  ―  I'm short of money recently.
  7. violent; heavy
    雨下得緊。／雨下得紧。  ―  Yǔ xià de jǐn.  ―  It's raining quite heavily.
  8. critical; important
  9. (literary or Hokkien, Datian Min, Zhao'an Hakka, Wenzhounese) quick; rapid; quickly
    不緊不慢／不紧不慢  ―  bùjǐnbùmàn  ―  not rushed and not slow; taking one's time
    伊走了真緊。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    伊走了真紧。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    I cháu liáu chin kín. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    He runs really fast.
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 緊 (“tight”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 緊
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 緊
Singapore 緊
Southwestern Mandarin Guilin 緊
Cantonese Guangzhou 緊, 衡 †
Hong Kong 緊, 衡 †
Singapore (Guangfu) 緊
Hakka Meixian 緊, 絚
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 絚
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 絚
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 絚
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 絚
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 絚
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 絚
Southern Min Xiamen 絚
Quanzhou 絚, 絚丹
Zhangzhou 絚
Taipei 絚 GT
Penang (Hokkien) 絚
Singapore (Hokkien) 絚
Chaozhou 絚
Shantou 絚
Jieyang 絚
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified); † - only used for pulled objects as a resultative
Dialectal synonyms of 快 (“fast; quick; speedy”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 疾
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 快, 快速, 迅速
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 快
Taiwan 快
Harbin 快騰
Malaysia 快
Singapore 快
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 快
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 快
Xi'an 快
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 快, 快當, 快性
Wuhan 快
Guiyang 快, 快當
Guilin 快
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 快, 𢜶
Yangzhou 快, 𢜶
Hefei 快, 𢜶
Cantonese Guangzhou 快, 快脆
Hong Kong 快, 快脆
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 快
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 快
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 快
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 快
Taishan 快, 快脆
Dongguan 快脆
Qingyuan 快
Yangjiang 快
Danzhou 快
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 快
Penang (Guangfu) 快
Singapore (Guangfu) 快
Gan Nanchang 快
Lichuan 快
Pingxiang 快
Hakka Meixian 遽, 快
Xingning 遽
Huidong (Daling) 遽, 快
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 䟐
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 急
Pinghe (Jiufeng) 緊
Changting 䟐
Wuping 䟐
Wuping (Pingyu) 遽, 䟐
Ninghua 䟐
Yudu 快
Ruijin 遽
Shicheng 快, 䟐
Shangyou (Shexi) 快
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 遽
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 遽
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 遽
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 遽, 拚
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 遽
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 緊
Hong Kong 快
Senai (Huiyang) 遽
Kuching (Hepo) 猛
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 猛
Singkawang 猛
Huizhou Jixi 快
Jin Taiyuan 快
Northern Min Jian'ou 快
Songxi 快
Jianyang 快
Eastern Min Fuzhou 快, 猛
Gutian 快
Ningde 快
Zhouning 快
Fuding 快
Southern Min Xiamen 緊
Xiamen (Tong'an) 緊
Quanzhou 緊
Jinjiang 緊
Anxi 緊
Yongchun 緊
Zhangzhou 猛, 緊
Zhao'an 猛, 兇
Taipei 緊
Kaohsiung 緊
Tainan 緊
Penang (Hokkien) 緊, 猛, 快
Singapore (Hokkien) 緊
Manila (Hokkien) 緊
Longyan 快
Datian 緊
Chaozhou 猛
Shantou 猛
Shantou (Chenghai) 猛
Jieyang 猛
Haifeng 猛
Bangkok (Teochew) 猛
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 猛
Singapore (Teochew) 猛
Leizhou 猛
Wenchang 猛, 快
Haikou 猛
Qionghai 快
Singapore (Hainanese) 猛
Puxian Min Putian 緊
Xianyou 緊
Central Min Yong'an 烈
Sanming (Shaxian) 烈
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 快, 快當
Shehua Fu'an 快
Fuding 快
Luoyuan 快
Shunchang 快
Hua'an 快
Guixi (Zhangping) 快
Cangnan 快
Jingning (Hexi) 快
Lishui 快
Longyou 快
Wu Shanghai 快, 𢜶
Shanghai (Chongming) 快
Suzhou 快, 𢜶
Danyang 快, 𢜶
Hangzhou 快
Ningbo 快
Wenzhou 快, 緊
Jinhua 快
Xiang Changsha 快, 快迅
Shuangfeng 快, 快迅

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Possibly from earlier 近處／近处 (gan6-2 cyu3, gan6-2 syu3, “future marker expressing the imminent aspect”) (Kataoka, 2018).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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緊

  1. (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Nanning Pinghua) Grammatical particle used to express progressive aspect (an ongoing activity) which may undergo a change of state. Similar to the -ing form in English.
    我讀緊書。／我读紧书。 [Cantonese]  ―  ngo5 duk6 gan2 syu1. [Jyutping]  ―  I am attending school.
    佢著緊衫。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢着紧衫。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 zoek3 gan2 saam1. [Jyutping]
    He/she is putting clothes on.

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 著 (“(particle indicating the continuation of an action or a state)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 著
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 著
Taiwan 著
Harbin 著
Singapore 著
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 著
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 著
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 著
Xi'an 著
Xuzhou 著
Southwestern Mandarin Wuhan 倒
Guiyang 倒
Guilin 倒
Liuzhou 倒, 穩
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 著
Cantonese Guangzhou 緊
Hong Kong 緊
Singapore (Guangfu) 緊
Gan Nanchang 倒
Hakka Meixian 等
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 等
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 等
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 等
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 緊
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 等
Kuching (Hepo) 緊
Jin Taiyuan 著
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 緊
Wu Shanghai 勒海, 勒該
Hangzhou 勒
Ningbo 的, 該, 當, 東, 仔, 勒眼
Zhoushan 底, 的 rare, 該, 當, 仔, 勒眼

See also

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  • (Cantonese) 住 (zyu6)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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緊

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. tense, tight (かたい, しめる, ちぢむ)[1]
  2. urgent, pressing (きびしい)

Readings

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Compounds

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References

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  1. ^ “緊”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

Korean

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Hanja

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緊 (eumhun 굳게 얽힐 긴 (gutge eolkil gin))

  1. hanja form? of 긴 (“tense, tight, taut”)
  2. hanja form? of 긴 (“firm, secure”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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緊: Hán Nôm readings: khẩn, lẳm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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