蛙

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See also: 黽
蛙 U+86D9, 蛙
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-86D9
← 蛘
[U+86D8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 蛚 →
[U+86DA]

Translingual

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Han character

[edit]

蛙 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 中戈土土 (LIGG), four-corner 54114, composition ⿰虫圭)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1081, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32997
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1549, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2847, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+86D9

Chinese

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 蛙
alternative forms 鼃 ancient
䵷／𱌃
䖯

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (圭) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
街 *kreː, *kreː
鞋 *ɡreː, *ɡreː, *ɡreː
娾 *ŋreː, *ŋreːʔ
佳 *kreː
鮭 *ɡreː, *kʷeː, *kʰʷeː
涯 *ŋreː, *ŋre
崖 *ŋreː, *ŋre
啀 *ŋreː
厓 *ŋreː
捱 *ŋreː
睚 *ŋreːs
娃 *qreː
洼 *qreː, *qʷraː, *kʷeː
哇 *qreː, *qʷraː
胿 *ɡeː, *kʷeː
溎 *qeːns
觟 *ɡʷraːʔ
黊 *ɡʷraːʔ, *ɡʷreːs, *ɡʷeː
蘳 *ɡʷraːʔ, *qʰʷe
蛙 *qʷraː, *qʷreː
窪 *qʷraː
卦 *kʷreːs
挂 *kʷreːs
掛 *kʷreːs
詿 *kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs
罣 *kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs, *kʷeːs
絓 *kʰʷreː, *ɡʷreːs
鼃 *ɢʷreː, *qʷreː
圭 *kʷeː
珪 *kʷeː
邽 *kʷeː
閨 *kʷeː
袿 *kʷeː
窐 *kʷeː, *ɡʷeː
茥 *kʷeː, *kʰʷeː
桂 *kʷeːs
筀 *kʷeːs
奎 *kʰʷeː
刲 *kʰʷeː
蝰 *kʰʷeː
楏 *kʰʷeː
睳 *qʰʷeː
畦 *ɡʷeː
眭 *ɡʷeː, *sqʰʷe, *qʰʷe, *qʰʷi
烓 *qʷeː, *kʰʷeːŋʔ
跬 *kʰʷeʔ
恚 *qʷes
硅 *qʰʷreɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʷraː, *qʷreː) : semantic 虫 (“insect; creature”) + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː).

Etymology 1

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Onomatopoeic (Sagart and Ma, 2020). Also compare Proto-Tai *krweːᴬ (“small frog”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 蛙
Mandarin Beijing /ua⁵⁵/
Harbin /ua²⁴/
Tianjin /vɑ²¹/
Jinan /va⁴²/
Qingdao /va²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ua²⁴/
Xi'an /ua²¹/
Xining /ua⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /va⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /va⁵³/
Ürümqi /va⁴⁴/
Wuhan /ua⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ua⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ua⁵⁵/
Kunming /ua̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /uɑ³¹/
Hefei /ua²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /va¹¹/
Pingyao /uɑ¹³/
Hohhot /va³¹/
Wu Shanghai /o⁵³/
Suzhou /o⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ʔuɑ³³/
Wenzhou /o³³/
Hui Shexian /ua³¹/
Tunxi /ua¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ua³³/
Xiangtan /uɒ³³/
Gan Nanchang /uɑ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /va⁴⁴/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /wa⁵⁵/
Nanning /wa⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /wa⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ua⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ua⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ua⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /ua³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ua²³/
Rime
Character 蛙 蛙
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 影 (34) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 佳 (32) 麻 (99)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) II II
Fanqie 烏媧切 烏瓜切
Baxter 'wea 'wae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔˠuɛ/ /ʔˠua/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔʷᵚæ/ /ʔʷᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔuæi/ /ʔua/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔwaɨj/ /ʔwaɨ/
Li
Rong 		/ʔuɛ/ /ʔua/
Wang
Li 		/wai/ /wa/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔwai/ /ʔwa/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		wā wā
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		waai1 waa1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 蛙 蛙 蛙 蛙
Reading # 1/4 2/4 3/4 4/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		wā wā wā wā
Middle
Chinese 		‹ 'wae › ‹ 'wea › ‹ hwae › ‹ hwea ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qʷˁre/ (MC -ae for -ea) /*qʷˁre/ /*m-qʷˁre/ (MC -ae for -ea) /*m-qʷˁre/
English frog frog frog frog

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 蛙 蛙
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 4552 4567
Phonetic
component 		圭 圭
Rime
group 		魚 支
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		窊 蛙
Old
Chinese 		/*qʷraː/ /*qʷreː/
Notes 見漢書即說文鼃 見漢書即說文鼃

Definitions

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蛙

  1. frog
  2. (swimming) Short for 蛙泳 (wāyǒng, “breaststroke”).
Synonyms
[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 青蛙 (“frog”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 蛙, 田父
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 青蛙
Taxonomic name 蛙
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 蛤蟆, 田雞
Taiwan 青蛙, 田雞
Langfang 蛤蟆
Chengde 蛤蟆
Chifeng 青蛙, 蛤蟆
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 蛤蟆
Heihe 青蛙, 蛤蟆
Qiqihar 青蛙, 蛤蟆
Harbin 蛤蟆, 青蛙, 青乖子
Wuchang (Yingchengzi) 蛤蟆
Jiamusi 青蛙, 青乖子
Baicheng 青蛙, 蛤蟆
Changchun 蛤蟆
Tonghua 蛤蟆
Shenyang 蛤蟆, 青蛙, 青乖子, 田雞
Jinzhou 青蛙, 蛤蟆, 青罐兒
Malaysia 青蛙
Singapore 青蛙, 田雞 as food
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 蛤蟆
Tangshan 蛤蟆, 青蛙
Cangzhou 蛤蟆
Xianxian (Xiaoying) 蛤蟆
Baoding 田雞
Shijiazhuang 蛤蟆
Lijin 蛤蟆
Jinan 蛤蟆, 田雞
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dandong 青蛙, 青蛙子, 蛤蟆
Yantai 青崴子
Yantai (Muping) 蚧巴子, 張拉崴子, 張崴子
Qingdao 青崴, 崴子
Zhucheng 歪子
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 蛤蟆
Lingbao 蛤蟆
Jining 蛤蟆, 水雞兒
Daming 蛤蟆
Wanrong 水雞子
Linfen 蛤蟆, 田雞, 水雞兒
Shangqiu 青蛙, 蛤蟆, 水雞
Yuanyang 青蛙, 蛤蟆
Zhengzhou 蛤蟆
Xinyang 蛤蟆
Baihe 青蛙, 蛤蟆
Xi'an 蛤蟆, 青蛙, 田雞
Baoji 青蛙
Tianshui 青雞
Xining 青蛙
Xuzhou 青蛙, 田雞, 蛤蟆, 水雞兒
Fuyang 青蛙, 蛤蟆
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 懶呱子
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 田畝雞, 青蛙
Lanzhou 青蛙, 金蛤蟆, 長腿癩蛤蟆
Dunhuang 青蛙
Hami 癩呱呱
Ürümqi 青蛙, 蛤蟆
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 蜞蟆兒, 青蜞蟆兒, 青蛙, 田雞
Nanchong 青蛙, 田雞
Dazhou 蛤蟆兒
Hanyuan 青瘸蟆
Xichang 青蛙
Zigong 青蛙, 蛤蟆兒
Chongqing 瘸滾兒
Wuhan 蛤蟆, 綠蛤蟆, 田雞, 青蛙
Yichang 青蛙, 田雞, 蛤蟆
Xiangyang 蛤蟆
Tianmen 青蛙, 蛤蟆
Guiyang 青蛙, 田雞, 蛤蟆, 石蚌
Zunyi 蛤蟆
Bijie 蛤蟆, 青蛤蟆
Liping 蛤蟆, 青皮蛤蟆
Zhaotong 青蛙, 田雞, 石蚌
Dali 青蛙, 田雞, 青雞
Kunming 青蛙, 田雞
Mengzi 青蛙
Guilin 蟆𧊅
Guanyang 蟆𧊅
Lipu 屎𧊅
Pingle 蟆𧊅, 田雞
Yangshuo 蟆𧊅
Liuzhou 蟆𧊅
Luzhai 蟆𧊅, 田雞
Nanning (Wuming) 蟆𧊅, 青蛙
Binyang (Nanjie) 蟆𧊅
Hechi (Yizhou) 青蛙, 蟆𧊅 big, 田雞 big, 蟆𧊅崽 small
Luocheng (Dongmen) 蟆𧊅
Xiangzhou (Nalu) 蟆𧊅
Jishou 青蛤蟆
Changde 蛤蟆, 田雞
Hanzhong 青蛙
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 田雞, 水雞, 蛤蟆, 青蛙
Yangzhou 田雞子, 田雞, 水雞子
Lianyungang 田雞子, 田雞, 蛙子
Lianshui 青蛙子
Nantong 田雞
Anqing 蛤蟆, 水雞兒
Wuhu 蛤蟆, 田雞
Hefei 蛤蟆, 田雞, 青蛙
Chuzhou 田雞
Hong'an 蛤蟆, 水雞
Cantonese Guangzhou 青蛙, 田雞, 蛤乸, 蛤𧊅
Hong Kong 青蛙, 田雞, 蛤乸, 蛤𧊅
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 蛤𧊅, 蛤乸
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 蛤
Macau 田雞
Guangzhou (Panyu) 田雞
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 蛤乸
Guangzhou (Conghua) 蛤乸
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 田雞
Foshan 青蛙, 田雞
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 雙養
Foshan (Shunde) 田雞
Foshan (Sanshui) 蛤乸
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 蛤乸
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 田雞
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 田雞
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 田雞
Zhuhai (Doumen) 田雞
Jiangmen (Baisha) 蛤
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 田雞, 蛤
Taishan 田雞, 蛤𧊅
Kaiping (Chikan) 田雞
Enping (Niujiang) 田雞
Heshan (Yayao) 田雞
Dongguan 蛤, 田雞
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 蛤
Yangjiang 蛤, 田雞
Xinyi 蛤乸, 蛤𧊅
Nanning 蛤乸
Beihai 田雞, 蛤乸
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 田雞, 蛤乸
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 田雞, 蛤乸
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 田雞, 蛤乸
Danzhou 蛤
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 田雞, 青蛙
Singapore (Guangfu) 田雞
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 田雞
Móng Cái 田雞, 千里馬
Gan Nanchang 蛤蟆, 田雞, 老蛤
Lichuan 蛤蟆
Pingxiang 鬼蛤蟆
Hakka Meixian 𧊅仔, 田雞, 蛤蟆
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 田雞
Dongguan (Qingxi) 蚧嫲
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 蛤蟆
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 蛤蟆, 田雞
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 蛤蟆
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 蛤蟆
Changting 蛤蟆
Yudu 𧊅
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 𧊅仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 𧊅仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 𧊅仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 𧊅
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 𧊅仔
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 𧊅子
Hong Kong 蛤蟆
Yangshuo (Jinbao) 蟆𧊅
Sabah (Longchuan) 蛤蟆, 𧊅哩, 蛤𧊅
Senai (Huiyang) 𧊅仔
Singkawang 𧊅
Huizhou Jixi 水雞, 田雞, 蛤蟆
Shexian 蛤蟆, 田雞
Jin Taiyuan 蛤蟆
Yangyuan 青蛙, 蛤蟆, 青疥
Datong 蛤蟆
Xinzhou 蛤蟆
Lüliang (Lishi) 蛤蟆
Changzhi 蛤蟆
Linhe 青蛙
Jining 蛤蟆
Hohhot 蛤蟆, 青蛙
Erenhot 蛤蟆
Pingshan 蛤蟆
Zhangjiakou 蛤蟆, 青蛙
Handan 蛤蟆, 青蛙
Linzhou 青幫
Suide 蛤蟆
Northern Min Jian'ou 田狗, 水雞
Eastern Min Fuzhou 青蛤, 黃䱝, 水雞
Fuqing 青蛤, 黃䱝, 水雞
Matsu 黃䱝
Southern Min Xiamen 田蛤仔, 水雞
Xiamen (Tong'an) 水雞
Quanzhou 埯魅坸仔, 水雞
Yongchun 水雞
Zhangzhou 田蛤仔, 水雞
Taipei 大肚仔魚, 水雞, 田蛤仔, 杜蝛仔
New Taipei (Sanxia) 水雞, 田蛤仔, 肚蛙
Kaohsiung 水雞, 四跤仔, 田蛤仔
Yilan 水雞, 蛤仔
Changhua (Lukang) 水雞, 田蛤仔
Taichung 水雞
Tainan 水雞, 四跤魚, 田蛤仔, 田僑
Hsinchu 水雞
Kinmen 水雞
Penghu (Magong) 水雞
Penang (Hokkien) 水雞
Singapore (Hokkien) 水雞, 蛤婆, 田蛤仔
Manila (Hokkien) 水雞, 田蛤仔
Guilin (Biyange) 青老蛙
Chaozhou 蛤虯, 水雞
Raoping 水雞
Shantou 水雞, 蛤虯 small
Jieyang 水雞, 蛤虯 small
Haifeng 蛤蛄, 蛤虯
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 蛤虯
Leizhou 田雞, 蛤
Wenchang 蛤, 田雞
Haikou 蛤, 田雞, 螻蛤
Puxian Min Putian 洋乜, 水雞
Xianyou 洋乜, 水雞
Central Min Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) 田狗
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 黃蛤, 青蛙
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 田雞
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 蛤, 田雞
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 蛤蟆
Wu Shanghai 田雞, 青蛙
Shanghai (Chongming) 田雞
Suzhou 田雞, 青蛙
Danyang 田雞, 青蛙
Hangzhou 田雞
Ningbo 癩斯, 青蛙癩斯, 田雞, 水雞
Wenzhou 蛤蟆, 蛤蟆牯, 田雞
Jinhua 田雞, 蟥蟆
Jinhua (Tangxi) 田雞, 蛤蟆
Xiang Changsha 蛤蟆, 蛤蟆子, 蟆𧊅, 水雞
Loudi 蟆𧊅, 蟆𧊅子
Shuangfeng 蟆𧊅子
Quanzhou 蟆𧊅
Compounds
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

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蛙

  1. Only used in 蝭蛙.

Japanese

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Kanji

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蛙

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
蛙 (kaeru, kawazu, kairu): a frog.
Kanji in this term
蛙
かえる
Hyōgai
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
蛤
蝦

*⟨kape₁ru⟩ → /kaperu/ → /kaferu/ → /kaweru/ → /kajeru/ → /kaeru/

From Old Japanese.

The Nihon Kokugo Daijiten cites this to the Nihon Shoki of 720, however, that may only be traceable to supplemental glosses added later to the kanbun original.[1]

Spelled phonetically once in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE, where it is used phonetically to spell the name of the maple tree, 楓 (kape₁rute > kaede).[2][3] Generally regarded as the informal or everyday term for frog, in contrast to the formal or poetic term kawazu (see below).[4]

The ultimate derivation is unclear, with numerous theories. Some of the leading ideas include:

  • Cognate with 帰る (kaeru, “to return (to a point of origin)”), from the way that some species of frogs return to their birthplace to spawn
  • Cognate with 孵る (kaeru, “to hatch (from an egg)”), in reference to tadpoles
  • Derived from onomatopoeia, where kape originally referred to the frog's call, suffixed uncertain element -ru

The phonetic development went through a clear stage where the middle mora was pronounced /je/, as illustrated in the 1603 Nippo Jisho entry, spelled cayeru.[5] This was likely a result of the Muromachi period sound shift, where /we/ shifted to /je/, followed later by /je/ merging into /e/ to produce modern /kaeru/.

Now the most common term for frog.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

蛙(かえる) or 蛙(カエル) • (kaeru) ←かへる (kaferu)?

  1. a frog (amphibious animal)
Usage notes
[edit]

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as カエル.

Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
蛙
かわず
Hyōgai
kun'yomi

⟨kapadu⟩ → */kapadu/ → /kafad͡zu/ → /kawad͡zu/ → /kawazu/

The more formal or poetic counterpart to kaeru (see above).[4] Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[9]

The ultimate derivation is unclear, but the initial kawa portion (ancient kapa) is very likely 川, 河 (kawa, ancient kapa, “river”).

The phonetic development of the term had already progressed to kawadzu by 1603, as seen in the Nippo Jisho entry, spelled cauazzu.[10]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

蛙(かわず) • (kawazu) ←かはづ (kafadu)?

  1. (poetic) a frog (amphibious animal)
    • 1686, 松尾芭蕉 Matsuo Bashō
      古池や蛙飛びこむ水の音
      ふるいけやかはづとびこむみづのおと
      (modern kana: ふるいけやかわずとびこむみずのおと)
      furuike ya kawazu tobikomu mizu no oto
      old pond -- a frog jumps in -- the sound of water
  2. (Noh theater) a specific mask used in certain Noh plays, depicting a drowned person
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]
Kanji in this term
蛙
かいる
Hyōgai
kun'yomi

⟨kaperu⟩ → /kaperu/ → /kaferu/ → /kaweru/ → /kajeru/ → /kairu/

Sound shift. Existed alongside earlier kayeru in the late 1500s, early 1600s, as seen in the 1603 Nippo Jisho entry, spelled cairu.[11]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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蛙(かいる) • (kairu) 

  1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) a frog (amphibious animal)

Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
蛙
あ
Hyōgai
kan'yōon

Affix

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蛙(あ) • (a) 

  1. frog (amphibious animal)
Derived terms
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frog

See also

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References

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  1. ^ “蛙・蛤・蝦”, in 日本国語大辞典‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ The template Template:R:Jidai-betsu Kokugo Daijiten does not use the parameter(s): 
    p=215
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^
    c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 8, poem 1623:
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  5. ^ Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日葡辞書: パリ本‎[2] (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here towards the bottom of the right-hand column
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  9. ^
    c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 3, poem 356:
    , text here
  10. ^ Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日葡辞書: パリ本‎[3] (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here, fifth entry from the bottom of the right-hand column
  11. ^ Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日葡辞書: パリ本‎[4] (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here as the fourth entry in the right-hand column, defined in Portuguese as raã, typographic variant of rãa, earlier form of modern rã (“frog”)

Korean

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Hanja

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蛙 • (wa, wae) (hangeul 와, 왜, revised wa, wae, McCune–Reischauer wa, wae, Yale wa, way)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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蛙: Hán Nôm readings: oa

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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