窒

窒	U+7A92, 窒 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A92

Translingual

Han character

窒 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十金一戈土 (JCMIG), four-corner 3010₄, composition ⿱穴至)

Derived characters

㗧潌膣䏄螲

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 865, character 11
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25493
Dae Jaweon: page 1293, character 16
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2728, character 14
Unihan data for U+7A92

Chinese

trad.		窒
simp. ^#		窒

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (至) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
致	*tiɡs
輊	*tiɡs
駤	*tiɡs
跮	tʰiɡs, tʰiɡ
荎	di, diːɡ
緻	*diɡs
至	*tjiɡs
鵄	*tʰji
胵	*tʰji
痓	*tʰjiɡs
咥	hriɡs, tiːɡ, diːɡ, tʰiɡ
窒	tiːɡ, tiɡ
蛭	tiːɡ, tiɡ, *tjiɡ
垤	*diːɡ
耋	*diːɡ
姪	diːɡ, diɡ
絰	*diːɡ
恎	*diːɡ
挃	*tiɡ
庢	*tiɡ
銍	tiɡ, tjiɡ
秷	*tiɡ
螲	*tiɡ
侄	diɡ, tjiɡ
桎	*tjiɡ
郅	*tjiɡ
晊	*tjiɡ
室	*hliɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːɡ, *tiɡ) : semantic 穴 + phonetic 至 (OC *tjiɡs).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhì (zhi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄓˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zat⁶
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): jid⁵
Eastern Min (BUC): dék
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): that / tit / chit / chek

(Teochew, Peng'im): diag⁴ / diêg⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷tseq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhì
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhìh
  - Wade–Giles: chih⁴
  - Yale: jr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh
  - Palladius: чжи (čži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zat⁶
  - Yale: jaht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzat⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zed⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐt̚²/
Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: jid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sit̚¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dék
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɛiʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Jinjiang, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: that
  - Tâi-lô: that
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tad
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰat̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /tʰat̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tit
  - Tâi-lô: tit
  - Phofsit Daibuun: did
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tit̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tit̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit
  - Tâi-lô: tsit
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cid
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sit̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sit̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chek
  - Tâi-lô: tsik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zeg
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪk̚³²/

Note:

that - vernacular (“to stop up; to plug in; stopper; to return money”);
tit/chit/chek - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: diag⁴ / diêg⁴
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiak / tiek
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiak̚²/, /tiek̚²/

Note:

diag4 - Shantou;
diêg4 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁷tseq
  - MiniDict: tseh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴tseq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡səʔ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: trit, tet

Rime
Character	窒	窒
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	質 (49)	屑 (87)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	IV
Fanqie	陟栗切	丁結切
Baxter	trit	tet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈˠiɪt̚/	/tet̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈᵚit̚/	/tet̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiet̚/	/tɛt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈjit̚/	/tɛt̚/
Li Rong	/ȶjĕt̚/	/tet̚/
Wang Li	/ȶĭĕt̚/	/tiet̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶi̯ĕt̚/	/tiet̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhi	die
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zat¹	dit³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]ri[t]/

(Zhengzhang): /*tiːɡ/, /*tiɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	窒
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhì
Middle Chinese	‹ trit ›
Old Chinese	/*[t]ri[t]/
English	stop up (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	窒	窒
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	17347	17358
Phonetic component	至	至
Rime group	質	質
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	窒	窒
Old Chinese	/*tiːɡ/	/*tiɡ/

Definitions

窒

to stop up; to obstruct; to block up
窒車／窒车 [Hokkien] ― that-chhia [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to be jammed with traffic
(Cantonese) to mock with words
(Cantonese) to stutter; to stammer
口窒窒 [Cantonese] ― hau² zat⁶ zat⁶ [Jyutping] ― stuttering; stammering

alt. forms: 疾 (jí)
(Cantonese, figuratively) to stutter; to make halting movements
畫面窒吓窒吓。 [Cantonese, trad.]
画面窒吓窒吓。 [Cantonese, simp.]
waa^6-2 min^6-2 zat⁶ haa⁵ zat⁶ haa⁵. [Jyutping]
The picture is jittering.
(Hokkien) to plug in; to squeeze in (a hole, gap, etc.)
飯窒甲規喙。 [Hokkien, trad.]
饭窒甲规喙。 [Hokkien, simp.]
Pn̄g that kah kui chhùi. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
Rice is squeezed into your entire mouth.
(Hokkien) stopper; cork; plug
草窒 [Hokkien] ― chhó-that [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― cork stopper
(Quanzhou Hokkien) to return money

Synonyms

(to stutter):

Dialectal synonyms of 口吃 (“to stammer; to stutter”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		謇
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		口吃
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	磕巴
	Taiwan	口吃, 結巴
	Harbin	磕巴
	Singapore	口吃
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	結巴, 磕巴
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	結巴, 磕巴
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	可
	Xi'an	結
	Xuzhou	結巴
Lanyin Mandarin	Lanzhou	結
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	結巴
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	結巴
	Wuhan	結
	Guiyang	結巴
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	結巴
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	結
Cantonese	Guangzhou	漏口
Cantonese	Hong Kong	漏口
Gan	Pingxiang	結巴
Hakka	Meixian	結舌仔, 重舌仔
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	結舌
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	結舌
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	結舌
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	結舌
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	結舌
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	大舌
Jin	Taiyuan	磕巴
Jin	Xinzhou	結咳
Northern Min	Jian'ou	結舌, 大舌
Southern Min	Xiamen	大舌口, 大舌, 重句, 重舌
	Quanzhou	大舌口, 大舌, 重句
	Zhangzhou	大舌鼓, 大舌, 重句
	Taipei	大舌
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	大舌
	Kaohsiung	大舌
	Yilan	大舌
	Changhua (Lukang)	大舌
	Taichung	大舌
	Tainan	大舌
	Hsinchu	大舌
	Kinmen	大舌口
	Penghu (Magong)	大舌, 重句
	Singapore (Hokkien)	大舌口
	Longyan	結舌
	Chaozhou	大舌
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	講突話
Wu	Shanghai	吃嘴, 楞嘴
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	吃嘴
	Shanghai (Chongming)	楞嘴, 篤嘴
	Danyang	結巴
	Ningbo	吃舌頭
	Zhoushan	吃舌頭
	Wenzhou	大舌
	Jinhua	點舌, 點舌兒, 拆舌, 拆舌兒
Xiang	Changsha	結巴
Xiang	Loudi	𪘬

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

窒

(Jōyō kanji)

plug up
obstruct

Readings

Go-on: ちち (chichi)、てち (techi)
Kan-on: ちつ (chitsu, Jōyō)、てつ (tetsu)
Kun: ふさぐ (fusagu)、ふさがる (fusagaru, 窒がる)

Korean

Hanja

窒 • (jil, jeol) (hangeul 질, 절, revised jil, jeol, McCune–Reischauer chil, chŏl, Yale cil, cel)

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Vietnamese

Han character

窒 (trất, khỏng, rấp, rất)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.