璽

See also: 玺

璽	U+74BD, 璽 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-74BD

← 璼
[U+74BC]

CJK Unified Ideographs

璾 →
[U+74BE]

Translingual

Han character

璽 (Kangxi radical 96, 玉+14, 19 strokes, cangjie input 一月一土戈 (MBMGI), four-corner 1010₃, composition ⿱爾玉)

Derived characters

𫬹, 㣆, 𤄽, 𤣗, 𤿂, 䌳, 𨰡, 𤫆, 𥸀

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 744, character 15
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21309
Dae Jaweon: page 1153, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1144, character 5
Unihan data for U+74BD

Chinese

trad.		璽
simp.		玺
alternative forms		壐／𱖚鈢鉨／鿭鉩𤫆

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (爾) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
嬭	rneːlʔ, niːlʔ
禰	*niːlʔ
镾	niːlʔ, mnel
薾	*niːlʔ
檷	*niːlʔ
鑈	niːlʔ, neːb
瀰	niːlʔ, mnel, *mnelʔ
獼	*mnel
瓕	*mnel
彌	*mnel
鸍	mnel, hnjel
擟	*mnel
濔	*mnelʔ
壐	*smlelʔ
璽	*smlelʔ
爾	*njelʔ
邇	*njelʔ
獮	*smlenʔ
籋	neb, neːb

From 壐／𱖚. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *smlelʔ) : phonetic 爾 (OC *njelʔ) + semantic 玉 (“jade”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xǐ (xi³)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): saai²
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): sai³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sú

(Teochew, Peng'im): si²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵shi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sǐ
  - Wade–Giles: hsi³
  - Yale: syǐ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shii
  - Palladius: си (si)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: saai²
  - Yale: sáai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: saai²
  - Guangdong Romanization: sai²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːi̯³⁵/
Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: sai³
  - Sinological IPA: /saɪ³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sú
  - Tâi-lô: sú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: suo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /su⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /su⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /su⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /su⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /su⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: si²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sí
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /si⁵²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵shi
  - MiniDict: shi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²xi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕi³⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 璽
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕi²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/ɕi²¹³/
	Tianjin	/ɕi¹³/
	Jinan	/ɕi⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/si⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/si⁵³/
	Xi'an	/ɕi²¹/
	Xining	/ɕi⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕi⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕi⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/ɕi⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ɕi⁴²/
	Chengdu	/ɕi⁵³/
	Guiyang	/ɕi⁴²/
	Kunming	/ɕi⁵³/
	Nanjing	/si²¹²/
	Hefei	/sz̩²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕi⁵³/
	Pingyao
	Hohhot	/ɕi⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕi³⁵/
	Suzhou	/si⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ɕi⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/sei³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/si³⁵/
Hui	Tunxi	/ɕi³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/si⁴¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/si⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕi²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/sai³¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/sɐi³⁵/
	Nanning	/ɬɐi³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/sɐi³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/su⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/sɛ³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/sai²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/si⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/mi³¹/

Middle Chinese: sjeX

Rime
Character	璽
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	斯氏切
Baxter	sjeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siᴇ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/siɛ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/sjɛ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/siə̆^X/
Li Rong	/sie^X/
Wang Li	/sǐe^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/sie̯^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s.[n]e[r]ʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*smlelʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	璽
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ sje^X ›
Old Chinese	/*s.[n]e[r]ʔ/
English	seal (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	璽
Reading #	1/1
No.	2815
Phonetic component	爾
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	徙
Old Chinese	/*smlelʔ/
Notes	同壐籀文

Definitions

璽

(historical) imperial seal; royal seal

Compounds

傳國璽／传国玺 (chuánguóxǐ)
古璽文／古玺文
國璽／国玺 (guóxǐ)
玉璽／玉玺 (yùxǐ)
璽印文字／玺印文字
璽書／玺书 (xǐshū)
璽節／玺节
璽綬／玺绶 (xǐshòu)
符璽／符玺

References

“璽”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02607

Japanese

Kanji

璽

(Jōyō kanji)

the imperial seal or sigil
a symbol of imperial status

Readings

Go-on: し (shi)
Kan-on: し (shi)
Kan’yō-on: じ (ji, Jōyō)
Kun: しるし (shirushi, 璽)、みしるし (mishirushi)

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 璽 (MC sjeX). Compare modern Mandarin 璽／玺 (xǐ).

The reading changed from an initial borrowing of shi [ɕi] to the current reading of ji [d͡ʑi].

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [d͡ʑi]

Noun

璽(じ) • (ji)

a seal or sigil carved into a jewel
more specifically, such a seal belonging to the Chinese emperor of the Qin Dynasty or later, or belonging to the Japanese emperor
八尺瓊曲玉 (Yasakani no Magatama), the jewel that is one of the three sacred treasures comprising the Imperial Regalia of Japan

Synonyms

(carved jewel): 玉(ぎょく)璽(じ) (gyokuji)
(imperial seal): 玉(ぎょく)璽(じ) (gyokuji), 御(ぎょ)璽(じ) (gyoji)
(imperial regalia): 八(や)尺(さか)瓊(にの)曲(まが)玉(たま) (Yasakani no Magatama)

Derived terms

璽(じ)綬(じゅ) (jiju): the imperial seal and the braided cord attached to it
璽(じ)書(しょ) (jisho): a document that has been stamped with the imperial seal
璽(じ)符(ふ) (jifu): the imperial seal
印(いん)璽(じ) (inji): common term for the emperor's personal seal or sigil and the national seal or sigil used for state business
玉(ぎょく)璽(じ) (gyokuji): the emperor's personal seal or sigil
御(ぎょ)璽(じ) (gyoji): the emperor's personal seal or sigil
御(ぎょ)名(めい)御(ぎょ)璽(じ) (gyomei gyoji): the emperor's name and the emperor's personal seal or sigil
剣(けん)璽(じ) (kenji): 草薙の剣 (Kusanagi no Tsurugi) and 八尺瓊勾玉 (Yasakani no Magatama), two of the sacred treasures comprising the Imperial Regalia of Japan; alternately, all three of the sacred treasures
剣(けん)璽(じ)渡(と)御(ぎょ) (kenji togyo): the ceremony of imperial succession, where the Imperial Regalia of Japan are passed from the preceding emperor to the new one
剣(けん)璽(じ)の案(あん) (kenji no an): the shelf on which the Imperial Regalia of Japan were placed, from the Heian period through the Muromachi period
国(こ)璽(くじ) (kokuji): the national seal or sigil used for state business
国(こ)璽(くじ)尚(しょう)書(しょ) (kokuji shōsho): the Lord Privy Seal, the minister or official in the UK responsible for keeping the national seal
掌(しょう)璽(じ)官(かん) (shōjikan): under the Ritsuryō system of ancient Japan, the minister in responsible for keeping the imperial seal
神(しん)璽(じ) (shinji): 八尺瓊勾玉 (Yasakani no Magatama), one of the sacred treasures comprising the Imperial Regalia of Japan; alternately, all three of the sacred treasures; the emperor's personal seal or sigil
伝(でん)国(こく)の璽(じ) (denkoku no ji): the imperial seal belonging to the Chinese emperor of the Qin Dynasty or later
宝(ほう)璽(じ) (hōji): the emperor's personal seal or sigil
霊(れい)璽(じ) (reiji): an honorific term for the emperor's personal seal or sigil; something worshipped to offer prayers to the soul of someone who has passed away

Etymology 2

Noun derived from the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) shirushi of verb 印す (shirusu, “to stamp with a seal or sigil; to mark or brand”).^[1]^[2]

Alternative forms

印

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しるし [shìrúshí] (Heiban – [0])^[3]
IPA^(key): [ɕiɾɯ̟ɕi]

Noun

璽(しるし) • (shirushi)

the emperor's personal seal or sigil or the national seal or sigil used for state business
the mark made by such a seal or sigil
八尺瓊勾玉 (Yasakani no Magatama), one of the sacred treasures comprising the Imperial Regalia of Japan
all three of the sacred treasures

Synonyms

(imperial seal): 印(いん)璽(じ) (inji), 御(ぎょ)璽(じ) (gyoji)
(emperor's seal): 印(いん)璽(じ) (inji), 御(ぎょ)璽(じ) (gyoji), 璽(じ)符(ふ) (jifu), 宝(ほう)璽(じ) (hōji), 霊(れい)璽(じ) (reiji)
(national seal): 国(こく)璽(じ) (kokuji)
(imperial regalia): 八(や)尺(さか)瓊(にの)勾(まが)玉(たま) (Yasakani no Magatama)
(all three imperial regalia): 三(さん)種(しゅ)の神(しん)器(き) (Sanshu no Shinki)

Derived terms

璽(しるし)の御(み)筥(はこ) (shirushi no mihako): the box containing the 八尺瓊勾玉 (Yasakani no Magatama), one of the sacred treasures comprising the Imperial Regalia of Japan; by extension, 八尺瓊勾玉 (Yasakani no Magatama) itself
天(あま)つ璽(しるし) (ama tsu shirushi): the mark or borderline separating the earthly realm from the heavenly realm; an item received from the gods as proof of imperial status
御(み)璽(しるし) (mishirushi): the sacred Imperial Regalia of Japan that symbolize imperial succession

Etymology 3

Compound of 御 (mi-, honorific prefix) +‎ 璽 (shirushi, “imperial mark, seal, or sigil”).^[1]^[2]

Alternative forms

御璽, 御印

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [mʲiɕiɾɯ̟ɕi]

Noun

璽(みしるし) • (mishirushi)

a mark or seal indicating imperial status
a sacred item indicating imperial status
the emperor's personal seal or sigil

Synonyms

(imperial seal): 印(いん)璽(じ) (inji), 御(ぎょ)璽(じ) (gyoji)
(sacred item): 神(しん)器(き) (shinki)
(emperor's seal): 印(いん)璽(じ) (inji), 御(ぎょ)璽(じ) (gyoji), 璽(じ)符(ふ) (jifu), 宝(ほう)璽(じ) (hōji), 霊(れい)璽(じ) (reiji)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 사 (sa) based on Middle Chinese 璽 (MC sjeX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	ᄉᆞᆼ〯 (Yale: sǒ)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527^[2]	인〮 (Yale: ín)	ᄉᆞ〯 (Yale: sǒ)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰɛ] ~ [sʰe̞]
Phonetic hangul: [새/세]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

璽

Wikisource

璽 (eumhun 도장 새 (dojang sae))

hanja form^? of 새 (“royal seal”) [noun]

Compounds

국새 (國璽, guksae)
옥새 (玉璽, oksae)
인새 (印璽, insae)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

Han character

璽: Hán Nôm readings: tỉ, tỷ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[KDJ-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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[2]

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