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U+723E, 爾
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-723E

[U+723D]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+723F]

Translingual

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Stroke order (Sans-serif)
Traditional
Shinjitai
(extended)
Simplified

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 89, +10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一火月大 (MFBK), four-corner 10227, composition )

Derived characters

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Descendants

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Further reading

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 691, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19750
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1104, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 27, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+723E

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Pictogram (象形) – cloth on a loom, with threads crossing – original form of (OC *niːlʔ, “loom”). Used phonetically.

Etymology 1

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trad.
simp.
alternative forms
𡭗

𠇍
“you; your”
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ (you).
"that"
Cognate with (, “that”), (OC *njaɡ, “that”) (Schuessler, 2007). See () for more.

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /əɻ²¹⁴/
Harbin /ɚ²¹³/
Tianjin /ə¹³/
Jinan /əɻ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /əɻ⁵⁵/
/ɭə⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ɭ⁵³/
Xi'an /əɻ⁵³/
Xining /ɛ⁵³/
Yinchuan /əɻ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ɯ⁵³/
Ürümqi /ɚ⁵¹/
Wuhan /ɯ⁴²/
Chengdu /əɻ⁵³/
Guiyang /ɚ⁴²/
Kunming /ə⁵³/
Nanjing /əɻ²¹²/
Hefei /a²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /əɻ⁵³/
Pingyao /əɻ³⁵/
Hohhot /aɻ⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /əl²³/
Suzhou /əl⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /əl⁵³/
Wenzhou /zz̩³⁵/
Hui Shexian /ɛ⁴⁴/
/n̩³⁵/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /ə⁴¹/
Xiangtan /e⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /ɵ²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /ni⁴⁴/
/ni³¹/
Taoyuan /ni¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ji²³/
Nanning /ji²⁴/
Hong Kong /ji²³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ni⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /i³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /œ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /zɯ⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /le³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (38)
Final () (11)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter nyeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ȵiᴇX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ȵiɛX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȵʑjɛX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ȵiə̆X/
Li
Rong
/ȵieX/
Wang
Li
/ȵʑǐeX/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ȵʑie̯X/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ěr
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ji5
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
ěr ěr ěr
Middle
Chinese
‹ nejX › ‹ nyeX › ‹ nyeX ›
Old
Chinese
/*nˁ[ə][r]ʔ/ /*n[ə][r]ʔ/ /*n[ə][r]ʔ/
English numerous (adv. suffix) you(r)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 2817
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*njelʔ/
Notes

Definitions

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  1. (literary or dialectal) you; your
      ―  ěrděng  ―  you (plural)
  2. (literary) so; this way
  3. (literary or dialectal) this; that
      ―  ěr  ―  that day
      ―  ěrhòu  ―  thereafter
  4. (obsolete, of flowers) exuberant
  5. (obsolete) a suffix or word-final particle indicating state, appearance, sound, or manner accompanying a verb
    Synonym: (rán)
  6. (literary) a sentence final particle; merely; only
  7. a surname
    [Cantonese]  ―  ji5 dung1 sing1 [Jyutping]  ―  Derek Yee (Hong Kong film director and actor)
Synonyms
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Compounds

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Etymology 2

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trad.
simp.
alternative forms

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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trad.
simp.
alternative forms


(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Contraction of 但定 (nā-tiāⁿ; only) ?”)

Pronunciation

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Note: niâ - contraction of 爾爾尔尔 (niā-niā).

Definitions

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  1. (Hokkien) that's all; nothing more; is all
Synonyms
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Compounds

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Etymology 4

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trad.
simp.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Colloquial reading of (but, only, literal reading: tān)?”)

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. (Hokkien) only

Etymology 5

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trad.
simp.

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /əɻ²¹⁴/
Harbin /ɚ²¹³/
Tianjin /ə¹³/
Jinan /əɻ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /əɻ⁵⁵/
/ɭə⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ɭ⁵³/
Xi'an /əɻ⁵³/
Xining /ɛ⁵³/
Yinchuan /əɻ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ɯ⁵³/
Ürümqi /ɚ⁵¹/
Wuhan /ɯ⁴²/
Chengdu /əɻ⁵³/
Guiyang /ɚ⁴²/
Kunming /ə⁵³/
Nanjing /əɻ²¹²/
Hefei /a²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /əɻ⁵³/
Pingyao /əɻ³⁵/
Hohhot /aɻ⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /əl²³/
Suzhou /əl⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /əl⁵³/
Wenzhou /zz̩³⁵/
Hui Shexian /ɛ⁴⁴/
/n̩³⁵/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /ə⁴¹/
Xiangtan /e⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /ɵ²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /ni⁴⁴/
/ni³¹/
Taoyuan /ni¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ji²³/
Nanning /ji²⁴/
Hong Kong /ji²³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ni⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /i³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /œ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /zɯ⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /le³¹/

Definitions

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  1. Used in transcription.
    維亞维亚  ―  Sài'ěrwéiyà  ―  Serbia
    吉斯斯坦吉斯斯坦  ―  Jí'ěrjísīsītǎn  ―  Kyrgyzstan
    呼倫貝呼伦贝  ―  Hūlúnbèi'ěr  ―  Hulunbuir
      ―  Mò'ěrběn  ―  Melbourne
    瓦基瓦基  ―  Mǐ'ěrwǎjī  ―  Milwaukee
    可夫可夫  ―  Kǎ'ěrkěfū  ―  Kharkhiv
    那格浦那格浦  ―  Nàgépǔ'ěr  ―  Nagpur
    帕麼帕么  ―  Pàmō'ěr  ―  Pall Mall
    克孜克孜  ―  Kē'ěrkèzī  ―  Kyrgyz
Usage notes
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It is often used to transcribe the /l/ and /r/ sounds in words of foreign languages not immediately followed by a vowel, e.g. 尼泊爾尼泊尔 (Níbó'ěr, “Nepal”), 斯德哥爾摩斯德哥尔摩 (Sīdégē'ěrmó, “Stockholm”), 克什米爾克什米尔 (Kèshímǐ'ěr, “Kashmir”), 塞爾維亞塞尔维亚 (Sài'ěrwéiyà, “Serbia”), etc.

Compounds
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References

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  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 61.

Japanese

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Shinjitai
(extended)

Kyūjitai

Kanji

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(Jinmeiyō kanjikyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term

Jinmeiyō
kan'on

From Middle Chinese (MC nyeX).

Affix

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() (ji

  1. second person archaic pronoun: thou, you
  2. distal pronoun equivalent to modern それ (sore) or その (sono): that
  3. auxiliary character in 漢文 (kanbun) texts indicating state or condition

Derived terms

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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
おれ
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings

(extended shinjitai)

From Old Japanese, found in use mostly from ancient times until roughly the Heian period,[1] used to refer in the second person to social inferiors or to insult.[1][2][3]

The second person sense of you appears to be obsolete in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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(おれ) (ore

  1. (archaic, vulgar) second person pronoun: you
Usage notes
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Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
なんじ
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
なんじJ
[pronoun] (archaic) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou
Alternative spellings
,
(This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
しか
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry:

(The following entry is uncreated: .)

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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(eumhun (neo i))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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Old Japanese

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun

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(ore) (kana おれ)

  1. second person pronoun: you
    • 711–712, Kojiki, Second scroll, Yamato Takeru no mikoto:
      爾詔:「吾者坐纒向之日代宮所知大八嶋國。大帶日子淤斯呂和氣天皇之御子、名倭男具那王者也、意禮熊曾建二人不伏無禮聞看而、取殺意禮詔而遣。」
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Descendants

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  • Japanese: , (ore)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Việt readings: nhĩ
: Nôm readings: nhãi, nhĩ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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