Immunomodulatory effects of thymol and cinnamaldehyde in chicken cell lines
In: Journal of Applied Animal NutritionSearch for other papers by C. Shen in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by L.G. Christensen in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by S.Y. Bak in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by N. Christensen in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by K. Kragh in
Current site
Google Scholar
Thymol and cinnamaldehyde are phytogenic feed additives that have been developed to improve gut health, immunity and growth performance in poultry and swine. This study evaluated the immune modulating effects of a thymol and cinnamaldehyde blend (TCB) in the intestinal system of poultryin vitro, using two chicken cell lines, LMH (liver cell line) which has been used to mimic epithelial cell responses, and HD-11 (monocyte/macrophage-like). Cells with high viability (>95%) from established cell lines were cultured in the presence of TCB at concentrations ranging from 1 ng/ml to 100 ng/ml. The viability, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and phagocytic capacity of co-cultured LMH cells, with or without stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), was subsequently evaluated. The expression of cytokines, chemokines and pattern recognition receptors by HD-11 monocytes/macrophages was measured by RT-PCR and by proteomic analysis. TCB was well tolerated by both cell lines (cell viability >90% after co-culture with TCB at 100 ng/ml for 48 h with or without LPS). Epithelial integrity of LMH cells (as assessed by TEER) was increased by TCB (10 ng/ml) after 4 h incubation, versus untreated controls, and phagocytic capacity of HD-11 cells was increased, in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). In HD-11 cells, TCB (10 ng/ml) downregulated the relative expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and the transcription factor cyclooxygenase-2 and upregulated expression of anti-inflammatory IL-10, versus untreated controls (P<0.05). In summary, under the tested conditions, TCB enhanced the epithelial barrier integrity of poultry hepatocytes, increased phagocytic activity and production of anti-inflammatory cytokines by monocytes and macrophages. These results indicated how supplementing TCB in poultry diets can increase bird performance, by increasingin vivo cell membrane integrity (especially important in the gut) and assisting in immune responses, which can liberate energy for growth.
-
Abe, K., Kurata, T., Yamada, K., Okumura, H. and Shikata, T., 1988. Establishment and characterization of a woodchuck hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (WH44KA). Japanese Journal of Cancer Research 79: 342-349.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.1988.tb01597.x
-
Adams, D.O. and Hamilton, T.A., 1984. The cell biology of macrophage activation. Annual Review of Immunology 2: 283-318.https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.iy.02.040184.001435
-
Akira, S., Takeda, K. and Kaisho, T., 2001. Toll-like receptors: critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity. Nature Immunology 2: 675-680.https://doi.org/10.1038/90609
-
An, H., Yu, Y., Zhang, M., Xu, H., Qi, R., Yan, X., Liu, S., Wang, W., Guo, Z., Guo, J., Qin, Z. and Cao, X., 2002. Involvement of ERK, p38 and NF-κB signal transduction in regulation of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 gene expression induced by lipopolysaccharide in mouse dendritic cells. Immunology 106: 38-45.https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2567.2002.01401.x
-
Ara, A., Ahmed, K.A. and Xiang, J., 2018. Mannose-6-phosphate receptor: a novel regulator of T cell immunity. Cellular & Molecular Immunology 15: 986-988.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-018-0031-1
-
Awaad, M.H.H., Elmenawey, M. and Ahmed, K.A., 2014. Effect of a specific combination of carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, and capsicum oleoresin on the growth performance, carcass quality and gut integrity of broiler chickens. Veterinary World 7: 284-290.https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2014.284-290
-
Ding, X., Yu, Y., Su, Z. and Zhang, K., 2017. Effects of essential oils on performance, egg quality, nutrient digestibility and yolk fatty acid profile in laying hens. Animal Nutrition 3: 127-131.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2017.03.005
-
Doyle, A.A. and Stephens, J.C., 2019. A review of cinnamaldehyde and its derivatives as antibacterial agents. Fitoterapia 139: 104405.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104405
-
Eichner, M., Augustin, C., Fromm, A., Piontek, A., Walther, W., Bücker, R., Fromm, M., Krause, G., Schulzke, J.D., Günzel, D. and Piontek, J., 2018. In colon epithelia, clostridium perfringens enterotoxin causes focal leaks by targeting claudins which are apically accessible due to tight junction derangement. Journal of Infectious Diseases 217: 147-157.https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jix485
-
Falcone, P., Speranza, B., Del Nobile, M.A., Corbo, M.R. and Sinigaglia, M., 2005. A study on the antimicrobial activity of thymol intended as a natural preservative. Journal of Food Protection 68: 1664-1670.https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.8.1664
-
Fang, S., Rao, Y. and Tzeng, W., 2004. Cytotoxic effect of trans-cinnamaldehyde from cinnamomum osmophloeum leaves on Human cancer cell lines. International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering 2: 136-147.
'Cytotoxic effect of trans-cinnamaldehyde from cinnamomum osmophloeum leaves on Human cancer cell lines ' () 2 International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering : 136 -147.
-
Fasina, Y.O. and Lillehoj, H.S., 2019. Characterization of intestinal immune response toClostridium perfringens infection in broiler chickens. Poultry science 98: 188-198.https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey390
-
Foster, S.L., Hargreaves, D.C. and Medzhitov, R., 2007. Gene-specific control of inflammation by TLR-induced chromatin modifications. Nature 447: 972-978.https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05836
-
Gessani, S., Testa, U., Varano, B., Di Marzio, P., Borghi, P., Conti, L., Barberi, T., Tritarelli, E., Martucci, R., Seripa, D. and et al., 1993. Enhanced production of LPS-induced cytokines during differentiation of human monocytes to macrophages. Role of LPS receptors. Journal of Immunology 151: 3758-3766.
'Enhanced production of LPS-induced cytokines during differentiation of human monocytes to macrophages. Role of LPS receptors ' () 151 Journal of Immunology : 3758 -3766.
-
Günaltay, S., Kumawat, A.K., Nyhlin, N., Bohr, J., Tysk, C., Hultgren, O. and Hultgren Hörnquist, E., 2015. Enhanced levels of chemokines and their receptors in the colon of microscopic colitis patients indicate mixed immune cell recruitment. Mediators of Inflammation 2015.https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/132458
-
Guo, W., Wang, P., Liu, Z.H. and Ye, P., 2018. Analysis of differential expression of tight junction proteins in cultured oral epithelial cells altered byPorphyromonas gingivalis,Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide, and extracellular adenosine triphosphate. International Journal of Oral Science 10.https://doi.org/10.1038/ijos.2017.51
-
Hirayama, D., Iida, T. and Nakase, H., 2018. The phagocytic function of macrophage-enforcing innate immunity and tissue homeostasis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19: 92.https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010092
-
Huang, C.M. and Lee, T.T., 2018. Immunomodulatory effects of phytogenics in chickens and pigs – a review. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 31: 617-627.https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.17.0657
-
Juhás, Š., Bukovská, A., Rehák, P., Koppel, J., Cikoš, Š. and Il’ková, G., 2007. Effects of a combination of thyme and oregano essential oils on tnbs-induced colitis in mice. Mediators of Inflammation 2007: 1-9.https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/23296
-
Juneja, V.K., Thippareddi, H. and Friedman, M., 2006. Control ofClostridium perfringens in cooked ground beef by carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, thymol, or oregano oil during chilling. Journal of Food Protection 69: 1546-1551.https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.7.1546
-
Kallikourdis, M., Betz, A.G., Aluvihare, V., Welch, K.A. and Bystry, R.S., 2002. B cells and professional APCs recruit regulatory T cells via CCL4. Nature Immunology 2: 1126-1132.https://doi.org/10.1038/ni735
-
Langenkamp, A., Messi, M., Lanzavecchia, A. and Sallusto, F., 2000. Kinetics of dendritic cell activation: Impact on priming of TH1,TH2 and nonpolarized T cells. Nature Immunology 1: 311-316.https://doi.org/10.1038/79758
-
Lee, Y., Kim, W.H., Lee, S.j. and Lillehoj, H.S., 2018. Detection of chicken interleukin-10 production in intestinal epithelial cells and necrotic enteritis induced byClostridium perfringens using capture ELISA. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 204: 52-58.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.10.001
-
Lerner, A. and Matthias, T., 2015. Changes in intestinal tight junction permeability associated with industrial food additives explain the rising incidence of autoimmune disease. Autoimmunity Reviews 14: 479-489.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2015.01.009
-
Mitsch, P., Zitterl-Eglseer, K., Köhler, B., Gabler, C., Losa, R. and Zimpernik, I., 2004. The effect of two different blends of essential oil components on the proliferation ofClostridium perfringens in the intestines of broiler chickens. Poultry Science 83: 669-675.https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/83.4.669
-
O’Brien, D.K. and Melville, S.B., 2003. Multiple effects onClostridium perfringens binding, uptake and trafficking to lysosomes by inhibitors of macrophage phagocytosis receptors. Microbiology 149: 1377-1386.https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26268-0
-
Ouwehand, A.C., Tiihonen, K., Kettunen, H., Peuranen, S., Schulze, H. and Rautonen, N., 2010.In vitro effects of essential oils on potential pathogens and beneficial members of the normal microbiota. Veterinarni Medicina 55: 71-78.https://doi.org/10.17221/152/2009-VETMED
-
Pearce, E.L. and Pearce, E.J., 2013. Metabolic pathways in immune cell activation and quiescence. Immunity 38: 633-643.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2013.04.005
-
Pross, S., 2008. T-cell activation. In: Enna, S.J. and Bylund, D.B. (eds.) xPharm: the comprehensive pharmacology reference. Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008055232-3.60244-2
-
Riella, K.R., Marinho, R.R., Santos, J.S., Pereira-Filho, R.N., Cardoso, J.C., Albuquerque-Junior, R.L.C. and Thomazzi, S.M., 2012. Anti-inflammatory and cicatrizing activities of thymol, a monoterpene of the essential oil fromLippia gracilis, in rodents. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 143: 656-663.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.028
-
Srinivasan, B., Kolli, A.R., Esch, M.B., Abaci, H.E., Shuler, M.L. and Hickman, J.J., 2015. TEER measurement techniques for in vitro barrier model systems. Journal of Laboratory Automation 20: 107-126.https://doi.org/10.1177/2211068214561025
-
Strompfova, V., Faix, S., Takacova, J., Venglovska, K., Ryzner, M., Placha, I., Cobanova, K. and Laukova, A., 2014. Effect of thyme essential oil and selenium on intestine integrity and antioxidant status of broilers. British Poultry Science 55: 105-114.https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2013.873772
-
Van Immerseel, F., De Buck, J., Pasmans, F., Huyghebaert, G., Haesebrouck, F. and Ducatelle, R., 2004.Clostridium perfringens in poultry: an emerging threat for animal and public health. Avian Pathology 33: 537-549.https://doi.org/10.1080/03079450400013162
-
Vaz, P., Rood, J.I., Moore, R.J., Ford, M.E., Bannam, T.L., Di Rubbo, A., Boyce, J.D., Parker, D. and Keyburn, A.L., 2008. NetB, a new toxin that is associated with avian necrotic enteritis caused byClostridium perfringens. PLoS Pathogens 4: e26.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.0040026
-
Wlodarska, M., Willing, B.P., Bravo, D.M. and Finlay, B.B., 2015. Phytonutrient diet supplementation promotes beneficial Clostridia species and intestinal mucus secretion resulting in protection against enteric infection. Scientific Reports 5.https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09253
-
Zhang, K., Hornef, M.W. and Dupont, A., 2015. The intestinal epithelium as guardian of gut barrier integrity. Cellular Microbiology 17: 1561-1569.https://doi.org/10.1111/cmi.12501
-
Zhang, K.Y., Yuan, W.J., Xu, J.D. and Wang, J.X., 2018. Cation-dependent mannose-6-phosphate receptor functions as a pattern recognition receptor in anti-bacterial immunity ofMarsupenaeus japonicus. Developmental and Comparative Immunology 89: 122-130.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2018.08.011
Supplementary Materials
| All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Full Text Views | 143 | 121 | 13 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 225 | 207 | 16 |
Immunomodulatory effects of thymol and cinnamaldehyde in chicken cell lines
In: Journal of Applied Animal NutritionSearch for other papers by C. Shen in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by L.G. Christensen in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by S.Y. Bak in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by N. Christensen in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by K. Kragh in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Thymol and cinnamaldehyde are phytogenic feed additives that have been developed to improve gut health, immunity and growth performance in poultry and swine. This study evaluated the immune modulating effects of a thymol and cinnamaldehyde blend (TCB) in the intestinal system of poultryin vitro, using two chicken cell lines, LMH (liver cell line) which has been used to mimic epithelial cell responses, and HD-11 (monocyte/macrophage-like). Cells with high viability (>95%) from established cell lines were cultured in the presence of TCB at concentrations ranging from 1 ng/ml to 100 ng/ml. The viability, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and phagocytic capacity of co-cultured LMH cells, with or without stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), was subsequently evaluated. The expression of cytokines, chemokines and pattern recognition receptors by HD-11 monocytes/macrophages was measured by RT-PCR and by proteomic analysis. TCB was well tolerated by both cell lines (cell viability >90% after co-culture with TCB at 100 ng/ml for 48 h with or without LPS). Epithelial integrity of LMH cells (as assessed by TEER) was increased by TCB (10 ng/ml) after 4 h incubation, versus untreated controls, and phagocytic capacity of HD-11 cells was increased, in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). In HD-11 cells, TCB (10 ng/ml) downregulated the relative expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and the transcription factor cyclooxygenase-2 and upregulated expression of anti-inflammatory IL-10, versus untreated controls (P<0.05). In summary, under the tested conditions, TCB enhanced the epithelial barrier integrity of poultry hepatocytes, increased phagocytic activity and production of anti-inflammatory cytokines by monocytes and macrophages. These results indicated how supplementing TCB in poultry diets can increase bird performance, by increasingin vivo cell membrane integrity (especially important in the gut) and assisting in immune responses, which can liberate energy for growth.
| All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Full Text Views | 143 | 121 | 13 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 225 | 207 | 16 |