Â
Â
ãæ¬æ¥ç´¹ä»ããã®ã¯ã 社ä¼å¿çå¦è ã®ã¸ã§ããµã³ã»ãã¤ãï¼Jonathan Haidtï¼ã American Interest èªã«çºè¡¨ããããã·ã§ããªãºã ã¯ãã¤ããªããã°ãã¼ããªãºã ã«æã¡åã¤ãï¼When and Why Nationalsm Beats Globalismï¼ãã¨ããè¨äºãè¿å¹´ã®è¥¿æ´æ°ä¸»ä¸»ç¾©å½å®¶ã«ããã¦ãæ®é主義çã»èªç±ä¸»ç¾©çã§å¤æ§æ§ãå°éãã価å¤è¦³ãæã£ãã°ãã¼ããªã¹ãã¨ããã«å対ãã価å¤è¦³ãæã£ããã·ã§ããªã¹ãã¨ã®äºããåå½ã«ããã移æ°åé¡ããã£ããã«è¡¨åºããããã«ãªã£ã¦ãã¦â¦ã¨ããè¨äºãªã®ã ããããªãé·ãè¨äºãªã®ã§ãä»åã¯å¾åï¼ï¼ç« æ§æã®ãã¡ã®ï¼ç« ã¨ï¼ç« ï¼ãç´¹ä»ããããã®è¨äºã«ããããã°ãã¼ããªã¹ããã¨ããã·ã§ããªã¹ããã¨ããè¨èã®å®ç¾©ã®èª¬æãªã©ã¯ï¼ç« ã¨ï¼ç« ã§ãããã®ã§ããã®è¾ºãã¯å°ãåããé£ããªããããããªãããæç« ã®å¤§çãç解ããã®ã«æ¯éã¯ãªãã¨æãã
Â
Â
 ããã·ã§ããªãºã ã¯ãã¤ããªããã°ãã¼ããªãºã ã«æã¡åã¤ãï¼When and Why Nationalsm Beats Globalismï¼ãbyãã¸ã§ããµã³ã»ãã¤ã
Â
ï¼åç¥ï¼
Â
ï¼ç« ï¼ã¤ã¹ã©ã 移æ°ã¯æ¨©å¨ä¸»ç¾©ã¢ã©ã¼ã ãåºæ¿ãã
Â
ãã¨ã¼ãããã®ãã·ã§ããªã¹ããã¡ã¯æ°åå¹´ãåãã移æ°ã®éå£ç§»ä½ã«å対ãã¦ããã®ã ãããï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ã«å°æ¥ãã亡å½è ãã¡ã®å¤§æ³¢ããã·ã§ããªã¹ããã¡ã®æããå¢å ããã¦å³ç¿¼å½å®¶ä¸»ç¾©çãªæ¿å ã¸æ¯æãå¢å ããããã¨ãæç½ã§ã¯ãã£ãã®ã ãã°ãã¼ããªã¹ããã¡ã¯ããã·ã§ããªã¹ããã¡ã®åå¿ããç´ç²ã§åç´ãªã¬ã¤ã·ãºã ï¼racism, pure and simple)ãã§ããã¨ããããä»äºã失ããããªãã£ããå¤å½äººã«å©çãä¸ãããããªã人ã ã®çéã§ç°èèãã¯ã¬ããã§ããã¨èª¬æããããã
ãä¸é¨ã®ãã·ã§ããªã¹ããã¡ãã¤ã³ã¿ãã¥ã¼ã§çããå 容ã»ãµãã«ã¼ã®è©¦åã§ã®å¿æ´ï¼ãã£ã³ãï¼ã»å¿åæ§ã«å®ãããã¤ã³ã¿ã¼ãããã®æ¸ãè¾¼ã¿ãªã©ã®ä¸é¨ã«ã¯ãã¬ã¤ã·ãºã ãæããã«ç¤ºããã¦ãããã¨ãããããããããã¬ã¤ã·ãºã ãã¨ããè¨èã¯ãç©äºã®èª¬æã¨ãã¦ç¨ããã«ã¯æµ ã¯ããªç¨èªã ãã¬ã¤ã·ãºã ã¨ããè¨èã§èª¬æãããã¨ã¯ãä¸é¨ã®äººãã¡ã¯èªåãã¡ã¨ã¯éã人éâ¦ç¹ã«èªåãã¡ãããæ¿ãè²ã®ç®èãæã£ã¦ãã人éããã 好ã¾ãªãã®ã ãã¨ä¸»å¼µãããã¨ã ã ã¬ã¤ã·ã¹ããã¡ãä»ã®äººãã¡ãå«ãã®ã«æ£å½ãªçç±ã¯ãªããå½¼ãã¯ãã éããå«ããªã ããªã®ã§ãããããã ããã¬ã¤ã·ã¹ããã¡ã®æãã«ã¤ãã¦ç§ãã¡ãç¥ãå¿ è¦ã®ãããã¨ã®å ¨ã¦ãªã®ã ãã¨ãã訳ã ã
ãããããç§ãã¡ãç¥ãå¿ è¦ã®ãããã¨ã¯ããã ãã§ã¯ãªãããã注ææ·±ã観å¯ããã¨ãå¤ãã®å ´åã«ã¯ã¬ã¤ã·ãºã ã¯éå¾³çãªæ¸å¿µï¼moral concernï¼ã¨æ·±ãçµã³ä»ãã¦ãããã¨ãæããã«ãªãï¼ããã§ã¯ãç§ã¯"éå¾³"ã¨ããåèªãç´ç²ã«è¨è¿°çãªæå³ã§ç¨ãã¦ãããã¤ã¾ãã"éå¾³çãªæ¸å¿µ"ã¨ã¯ãããã§åæã®å¯¾è±¡ã¨ãªã£ã¦ãã人ãæ¬äººã«ã¨ã£ã¦ã¯åãæªãã®åé¡ã ã¨æããããã¨ã«ã¤ãã¦æ±ãã¦ããæ¸å¿µãã¨ãããã¨ãæå³ãããç§ã¯ãã¬ã¤ã·ãºã ã¯å®éã«éå¾³çã«è¯ããã¨ã§ããã¨ãéå¾³çã«æ£ãããã¨ã§ããã¨ä¸»å¼µãã¦ãã訳ã§ã¯ãªãï¼ã人ã¯ãä»äººãèªåãããæ¿ãè²ã®ç®èããã¦ãããèªåã¨ã¯éã£ãå½¢ã®é¼»ããã¦ããã¨ããã ãã§ã¯ãä»äººãå«ããªããèªåãã¡ã®ä¾¡å¤è¦³ã¨ã¯ç¸å ¥ãããªã価å¤è¦³ãæã£ã¦ããããã«æããã人ã ã»èªåãã¡ãå«æªãã¦ããè¡åãè¡ãï¼ã¨æããã¦ããï¼äººã ã»èªåãã¡ã大åã«ãã¦ããä½ãã«ã¨ã£ã¦ã®è å¨ã«ãªãã¨æããã人ã ãã人ã¯å«ãã®ã§ããããããã®éå¾³çãªæ¸å¿µã¯äºå®ããã¯ããé¢ãããã®ã§ãããããããªããããã°ãã°æå家ãã¡ã«ãã£ã¦æ¡å¤§ããããããã¨ããããããããè¿å¹´ã®å³ç¿¼ããã¥ãªã¹ãéåã®éèã«ã¤ãã¦ç解ãããã¨æãã®ãªãããã¬ã¤ã·ãºã ãã¨ããè¨èã¯çµçç¹ã«ã¯ãªããªããããããããããç 究ãåºçºãããã¹ããªã®ã ã
ããã®ç 究ã®æãéè¦ãªå°ãæã¯ãæ¿æ²»ç§å¦è ã® ã«ã¬ã³ã»ã¹ãã£ãã¼ï¼Karen Stennerï¼ã§ããã彼女ãï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ã«åºçããã権å¨ä¸»ç¾©ã®åå¦ï¼The Authoritarian Dynamicï¼ãã¯ã大éã®ã°ã©ãã»å帰åæã¨ãã®è¨è¿°ã»æ¨©å¨ä¸»ç¾©ã®æ§è³ªã«ã¤ãã¦ã®å¦åçè«äºã«ã¤ãã¦ã®è°è«ãªã©ãæ²è¼ãããå¦è¡çãªèä½ã ï¼ãã®ãããå¤ãã®äººã«èªã¾ããæ¬ã§ã¯ãªãï¼ãã¹ãã£ãã¼ã®ç 究çµæã®æ ¸ã¨ãªãç¹ã¯ã権å¨ä¸»ç¾©ã¨ã¯å®å®ããäººæ ¼ç¹æ§ã§ã¯ãªã  (is not a stable personality trait) ãã¨ãããã¨ã§ããããããã権å¨ä¸»ç¾©ã¨ã¯ããã人ãç¹å®ã®ç¨®é¡ã®è å¨ãç¥è¦ããæã«ãã®äººã¯ä¸å¯å®¹ã«ãªãã¨ãã å¿ççå¾å ãªã®ã§ãããä¾ãã¦è¨ãã¨â¦ãã種ã®äººãã¡ã®é¡ã«ã¯ãã¿ã³ãä»ãã¦ããããã®ãã¿ã³ãæ¼ãããã¨ãçªç¶ããã¿ã³ãæ¼ããã人ã¯èªåã®å±ããå éå£ãå®ããã¨ã«æ¿ããéä¸ããããã«ãªããå¤å½äººãéå£ã«èª¿åããªã人ãè¹´ãåºãããã«ãªããéå£å ã§ç°è°ãå±ãã¦ãã人ãè¸ã¿ä»ãã¦æå§ããããã«ãªãã®ã ãè å¨ãæãã¦ãã人ã ã¯ãå¼·åãªãªã¼ãã¼ãå®åè¡ä½¿ã«æ¹ãä»ãããããå¥ã®æãè å¨ãä½ãæãã¦ããªãæã«ã¯ãå½¼ããç°å¸¸ã«ä¸å¯å®¹ã§ãã訳ã§ã¯ãªããã¤ã¾ããéµã¨ãªãã®ã¯ãä½ãå½¼ãã®ãã¿ã³ãæ¼ãã®ãã¨ãããã¨ãç解ãããã¨ã§ããããã
ãã¹ãã£ãã¼ã示åããçãã¨ã¯ã彼女ããè¦ç¯çè å¨ (normative threat)ãã¨å¼ã¶ãã®ã§ãããè¦ç¯çè å¨ã¨ã¯ãåºæ¬çã«ã¯ãéå¾³ç秩åºã®çµ±ä¸æ§(integrity of the moral order)ã«å¯¾ããè å¨ï¼ã¨äººã ã«è¦ãªããããã®ï¼ã®ãã¨ãæå³ãã¦ããããç§ãã¡ãããã©ãã©ã«å解ããããã¨ããèªèãããè¦ç¯çè å¨ãªã®ã ã
Â
éå£ã®æ¨©å¨ã«å¯¾ããä¸æå¾ãå°æ¬ã«å¤ããªã権å¨ãéå£ã®è¦ç¯ã«èª¿åããªããã¨ãããããããè¦ç¯ãéå£ã®ä¾¡å¤ã信念ã«ã¤ãã¦ã®ã³ã³ã»ã³ãµã¹ã®ä¸å¨ãããã¦ãä¸è¬çã«ãå¤æ§æ§ãèªç±ãã"æ´èµ°ãã¦è¦å¢ããªãã"  ãã¨â¦ããããèªèããã¨ããçµé¨ã¯ãå¿ççå¾åãä½åããã¦ãï¼è¨³æ³¨ï¼æ¨©å¨ä¸»ç¾©ã«ï¼ç¹å¾´çãªæ 度ã¨è¡åãåºç¾ãããã¨ãå¢å ãããã ããã
Â
ãã¤ã¾ãã権å¨ä¸»ç¾©è ãã¡ã¯ã¯ã¬ããã§ãã訳ã§ã¯ãªããå½¼ãã¯èªåã®è²¡å¸ãå®ããã¨ãã¦ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããèªåã®å®¶æãå®ããã¨ãã¦ããã®ã§ãããªããèªåãã¡ã®éå£ã¨ç¤¾ä¼ãå®ããã¨ãã¦ããã®ã ããããã«ãä¸é¨ã®æ¨©å¨ä¸»ç¾©è ãã¡ã¯èªåãã¡ã®äººç¨®ãè¡çµ±ãå®ãããã¹ãã§ãã®ã§ããã¨è¦ãªãã®ã§ããããã®ãããªäººã ã¯å³ç¿¼ããã¥ãªã¹ãéåã®ä¸ã§ãé常ã«äººç¨®å·®å¥çãªé¨åéå£ãä½ãä¸ãããããªãããºã ã«æ¹ããããããªæ´¾çéå£ããã®ä¸ã«å«ã¾ãã¦ããããã®ãããªäººãã¡ã¯ãå åã«ç¤¾ä¼ã«ååãã移æ°ãããåãå ¥ããªãã ãããããããç¾ä»£ã®ã¨ã¼ããããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§ããå ¸åçãªãã·ã§ããªã¹ããã¡ãå®ããã¨ãã¦ãããã®ã¯ãå½¼ãã®å½ã¨æåãªã®ã§ããã
ãã¹ãã£ãã¼ãè¡ã£ãæ°å¤ãã®ç 究ã§ã¯ãåä¾ãã¡ã家åºã§å¦ã¶ã¹ãæãéè¦ãªä¾¡å¤ã¨ãã¦ä½ãæãããã«ãã£ã¦ã権å¨ä¸»ç¾©è ãç¹å®ããã¦ãããå½¼ããæ¯æãã価å¤ã¨ã¯ãä¾ãã°ã"å¾é (obedience)"ã ï¼å¯¾ãã価å¤ã¯"èªç«" ã"ä»äººã«å¯¾ããæ¬æã¨å¯å®¹"ã§ããï¼ã次ã«ãã¹ãã£ãã¼ã¯æ§ã ãªæ¹æ³ãå½å®¶éã®ãã¼ã¿ã»ãããç¨ãã¦å½¼å¥³ãè¡ã£ãä¸é£ã®ç 究ã«ã¤ãã¦èª¬æãããããå®é¨ã§ã¯ã被é¨è ã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«äººãã¡ã¯èªåãã¡ã®å½ãããã«å¤ããã¤ã¤ãããã¨ãããã¨ãä¼ããæ¶ç©ºã®ãã¥ã¼ã¹è¨äºãèªã¾ããããã¢ã¡ãªã«äººãã¡ã¯ãäºããããããä¼¼éãããã«å¤ãã£ã¦ãããã¨ãããã¥ã¼ã¹ãèªãã æã«ã¯ã権å¨ä¸»ç¾©è ãã¡ã¯ä»ã®äººã«æ¯ã¹ã¦ãã¬ã¤ã·ã¹ãã§ããªããã°ä¸å¯å®¹ã§ããªãã£ããããããã¢ã¡ãªã«äººãã¡ã¯ããéå¾³çã«å¤æ§ã«ãªã£ã¦ããã¨ãããã¨ã示åãããã¥ã¼ã¹è¨äºãä¸ããããã¨ããã¿ã³ãæ¼ããã¦ã"権å¨ä¸»ç¾©ã®åå¦"ãèµ·åããå½¼ãã¯ä»ã®äººãããã¬ã¤ã·ã¹ãã§ä¸å¯å®¹ã«ãªã£ããä¾ãã°ããå½å®¶ã®ç§©åºãç¶æãããã¨ããå½å®¶ã®äºé ã¨ãã¦ã®åªå 度ãé«ããªã£ãä¸æ¹ã§ããè¨è«ã®èªç±ãå®ããã¨ãã®åªå 度ã¯ä½ããªã£ããããã¦ãåæ§æã»ä¸çµ¶ã»é¢å©ã«å¯¾ãã¦ã権å¨ä¸»ç¾©è ãã¡ã¯ããæ¹å¤çã«ãªã£ãã®ã ã
ãã¹ãã£ãã¼ã®ç 究ã®ä¸ã§ãæãæçãªè²¢ç®ã¯ã権å¨ä¸»ç¾©è ãã¡ã¯ãç¾ç¶ç¶æä¿å®(status quo conservativesï¼ããã¡ã¨ã¯å¿çå¦çã«åºå¥ããããã¨ãã調æ»çµæã ãç¾ç¶ç¶æä¿å®ã¨ã¯ä¿å®ä¸»ç¾©è ã®ãªãã§ãååçãªåå¨ã§ãããéæ¿ãªå¤é©ã«å¯¾ãã¦è¦æãã¦ãã人ãã¡ã®ãã¨ã§ãããã¨ããã³ãã»ãã¼ã¯ã«ããå è¦æ§ã®ããçå¯ã¨åæãã©ã³ã¹é©å½ã«å¯¾ããææãããèªåãåµåããéèªããã·ã§ãã«ã»ã¬ãã¥ã¼ãã¯ãæ´å²ã®éã®å¾æ¥ã«ç«ã£ã¦"æ¢ã¾ã!"ã¨å«ã³ç¶ããã ãããã¨ããã¦ã£ãªã¢ã ã»Fã»ããã¯ãªã¼ã®å£°æã¾ã§ãç¾ç¶ç¶æä¿å®ã®ç³»å³ã¯æ§ãã¦èªãé«ãã
ãç¾ç¶ç¶æä¿å®ã¯å¿ ããã権å¨ä¸»ç¾©è ãã¡ã®åçè ã§ã¯ãªãã権å¨ä¸»ç¾©è ãã¡ã¯ããã°ãã°éæ¿ãªå¤é©ã好ããã試è¡ããããã¨ã®ãªãæ¿çãå®æ½ããã¨ãã大ããªãªã¹ã¯ãä¼´ãè¡çºã«ãæ欲çã§ãããããããããå¤ãã®å ±åå å¡ãã¡â¦ããã¦ãã»ã¨ãã©å ¨ã¦ã®ä¿å®ç¥è人ãã¡ãããã«ãã»ãã©ã³ãã«å対ãã¦ããçç±ãªã®ã ãå½¼ã®æ°è³ªãè¦ã¦ã価å¤è¦³ãè¦ã¦ãããã©ã³ãã¯å ¨ãä¿å®ä¸»ç¾©è ã§ã¯ãªããããããé²æ©ä¸»ç¾©è ãã¡ã¯å½å®¶ã®ä¼çµ±ã¨ã¢ã¤ãã³ãã£ããã¾ãã«ãé ·ã失ããã¦ãã¾ã£ãã¨ç¾ç¶ç¶æä¿å®ãèªèããå ´åã«ã¯ãå½¼ãã¯åçãªæ¿æ²»çè¡åï¼ã¤ã®ãªã¹ã®ãã¬ã¯ã¸ããããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«ãããã¤ã¹ã©ã 移æ°ã®ç¦æ¢ãªã©ï¼ã ãããæ¢ã¾ãï¼ãã¨å«ã¶ããã«å¯ä¸æ®ãããæ¹æ³ã§ããã¨è¦ãªãã ãããã権å¨ä¸»ç¾©è ãã¡ã¨åçãçµããã¨ã«ãªãã ããããã¬ã¯ã¸ããããEUã"ããã«ç·å¯ãªé£å"ã¨ãªããã¨ã§ã¤ã®ãªã¹ãå¸åããã¦ãã¾ãæªæ¥ã«æ¯ã¹ãã¨ãã¾ã éæ¿ããå°ãªãã®ã ã
ããã¦ãããã¾ã§ã®è°è«ã«ãã£ã¦ããªã移æ°ãâ¦ç¹ã«ãæè¿ã®ã·ãªã¢ãããã£ã¦æ¥ãã¤ã¹ã©ã 系移æ°ã®æ³¢ãâ¦ã¨ã¼ãããã®å½ã ã¨ã¢ã¡ãªã«ï¼ã¤ã¹ã©ã 移æ°ã®æ°ã¯å°ãªãå½ã§ããã®ã«ï¼ã§ããç¨ã¾ã§ã«ãå¼·çã«å極åããåå¿ãå¼ãèµ·ãããã®ããã¨ãããã¨ãç解ã§ããã ããããã·ã§ããªã¹ãã«ã¨ã£ã¦ãä»ã®ã©ããªå°åãå®æããã®ç§»æ°ã¨æ¯ã¹ã¦ããä¸æ±ã®ã¤ã¹ã©ã 移æ°ãã¡ã¯é¥ãã«æ·±å»ãªãããªãºã ã®è å¨ã示ãã¦ãããã ããã¹ãã£ãã¼ã®ç 究ã¯ãå®å ¨ä¿éä¸ã®Â è å¨ã ããè¦ãã®ã§ã¯ãªãè¦ç¯çãªÂ è å¨ã調æ»ãããã¨ãç§ãã¡ã«ä¿ãã¦ããããã¤ã¹ã©ã æãä¿¡è ã«è¦æ±ããçãæ¹ã¯ãä¸ä¿çã§å¹³ç主義çãªè¥¿æ´ã®ç¤¾ä¼ã«ã¤ã¹ã©ã æå¾ãã¡ãååãããã¨ããä»ã®éå£ã¨æ¯ã¹ã¦é£ããããï¼åæ§ã®ãã¨ã¯æ£çµ±æ´¾ã¦ãã¤æå¾ã«ãè¨ãããã¹ãã£ãã¼ã«ãã権å¨ä¸»ç¾©ã®åå¦ã®åæã¯ããªãè¿å¹´ã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§å³ç¿¼åã¦ãã¤ä¸»ç¾©éåã復活ãã¦ããã®ãã¨ãããã¨ã®èª¬æãå¯è½ã«ããï¼ãã¤ã¹ã©ã æå¾ãã¡ã¯ãã©ã¤ãã¼ããªçæ´»ã«ãããç¿æ £ã®éããç®ã«ããã ãã«ã¯çã¾ããªããç¹ã«ã¸ã§ã³ãã¼ã«é¢ããåé¡ã«ã¤ãã¦ããã°ãã°ãã¤ã¹ã©ã æå¾ãã¡ã¯èªåãæ»å¨ãã¦ããå½ã®æ³å¾ã¨æ¿çãèªåãã¡ã®å®æã«å¦¥åããããã¨ãè¦æ±ãããããã®è¦æ±ã¯èªå¯ããããããï¼ï¼å¹´ã®ãã©ã³ã¹ãä»ã®ã¨ã¼ããã諸å½ã§èµ·ãã£ã¦ããäºãã®ä¸ã§ãæãæ¿ããäºãã®ä¸ã¤ããã´ã§ã¼ã«ããã®ä»ã®å½¢ã§å¥³æ§ã®å¤è¦ãè¦ãé ããã¨ã«ã¤ãã¦ã¨ãããã«é¢ä¿ãããã©ã¤ãã·ã¼ã®å¿ è¦æ§ãã¸ã§ã³ãã¼å·®å¥ãè«ç¹ã¨ããäºãã§ãããä¾ãã°ãã¹ã¦ã§ã¼ãã³ã®å ¬å ±ãã¼ã«ã¯ã女æ§ã¨åä¾ã®ã¿ãæ³³ããã¨ãèªããããæé帯ãè¨ããããã«ãªã£ãããã®æ¿çã¯ãã¹ã¦ã§ã¼ãã³äººãã¡ãã¸ã§ã³ãã¼ã®å¹³çã¨åã¸ã§ã³ãã¼å·®å¥ã«é¢ãã¦å¼·ãæ±ãã¦ãã価å¤è¦³ã¨ã¯ç¸åãããã®ã§ããã
ãã¤ã¾ããããªããæ¥éãªå¤åãæ¸å¿µããç¾ç¶ç¶æä¿å®ã§ããã«ããè¦ç¯çè å¨ã«å¯¾ãã¦é常ã«ææãªæ¨©å¨ä¸»ç¾©è ã§ããã«ãããããªããæ®ããã¦ãã西æ´ã®å½ã«ãããã¤ã¹ã©ã 移æ°ã®æ¯çãé«ããªããã¨ã¯ãããªãã«ã¨ã£ã¦æ ¸ã¨ãªãéå¾³çæ¸å¿µã«å¯¾ããè å¨ã¨ãªãå¯è½æ§ãé«ãã®ã ãããããããªããèªåã®æ¸å¿µã声ã«åºãã¦è¡¨æããé端ã«ãã°ãã¼ããªã¹ããã¡ã¯ããªãã®ãã¨ãã¬ã¤ã·ã¹ãã§ç°èè ã ã¨å²ç¬ããã ãããã°ãã¼ããªã¹ããã¡ãâ¦ä¸éå³æ´¾æ¿å ãéå¶ãã¦ãã人ãã¡ã§ããããâ¦ããªãã®ãã¨ããã®ããã«æ±ãã¨ããã°ãããªãã¯ã©ãã«å©ããæ±ããã°ããã®ã ãããï¼ãã®çãã¨ã¯ãã¨ã¼ãããã§ã¯æ¥µå³å½å®¶ä¸»ç¾©æ¿å ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§ã¯ï¼å ±åå ã®æµå¯¾çè²·åãæãéããï¼ããã«ãã»ãã©ã³ãã§ããããã®çãã«è¾¿ãçã人ã ã¯ã¾ãã¾ãå¢ãã¦ããã®ã ã
ã権å¨ä¸»ç¾©ã®åå¦ãã¯ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ã«åºçãããæ¬ã§ããã"ã¤ã¹ã©ã æå¾" ã¨ããåèªã¯ï¼åããç»å ´ããªãï¼å¯¾ç §çã«ã"é»äºº"ã¨ããåèªã¯ï¼ï¼ï¼åç»å ´ããï¼ãããããã¹ãã£ãã¼ã®èä½ã¯ãï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ã«ãããåã¤ã¹ã©ã æå¾ã«éä¸ããå³ç¿¼ããã¥ãªãºã ã®éèãèªã¿è§£ãããã®ãã¼ãã¿ã¹ãã¼ã³ã¨ãªããã¹ãã£ãã¼ã«ããã¨ã彼女ã®çè«ã¯ã"ã©ãããã§ããªãã¨ããããç»å ´ãã" ããã«è¦ããä¸å¯å®¹ã説æããããã®ä¸å¯å®¹ã¯å¯å®¹ãªæåãããä¸å¯å®¹ãªæåãããåæ§ã«ç»å ´ããå¯è½æ§ããããæåçãªä¼çµ±ã®ç·©æ ¢ãªå¤åã¨ãããã¨ã§ã¯èª¬æã®ã§ããªããè¡åã®æ¥éãªå¤åãããããã®ã ãã
ãã¹ãã£ãã¼ã¯ãä¼çµ±ããé¢ãã¦ãå人ã®èªç±ã¨å·®ç°ã¸ã®ãã大ããªæ¬æãã¸åããæ¹åã¸ã¨æ¢ã¾ããã¨ãªãæµãã¦ããæ´å²ã®æ½®æµãè¦åºãã人éã¯ãããå®å ¨ãªãªãã©ã«ã§æ°ä¸»ä¸»ç¾©çãªå¸æ°ãã¸ã¨é²åãç¶ãããã¨ãäºæãã人ãã¡ã®çè«ã¨èªåã®çè«ã¨ãæ¯è¼ãã¦ãããå ·ä½çã«ã¯èª°ãæ³å®ãã¦ãããã¯ã¹ãã£ãã¼ã¯æããã«ãã¦ããªããããããããã¯ãªã¹ãã£ã³ã»ã´ã§ã«ãã§ã«ï¼Christian Welzelï¼ã¨å½¼ã¨å ±ã«ä¸ç価å¤è¦³èª¿æ»ãè¡ã£ã人ãã¡*1ãããã¦ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã»ãã¯ã¤ãã®ãæ´å²ã®çµãããè«ãæ³å®ãã¦ããå¯è½æ§ãé«ãã§ããããã¹ãã£ãã¼ã¯ãã´ã§ã«ãã§ã«ããã¯ã¤ãã®ããã«è¥¿æ´ãªãã©ã«æ°ä¸»ä¸»ç¾©ç¤¾ä¼ã®å°æ¥ã楽観è¦ãã¦ããªããä¸è¬çãªå¾åãå¯å®¹ã¸ã¨åãã¦ãããã¨ã¯ã¹ãã£ãã¼ãèªãã¦ãããããã®å¾åããã権å¨ä¸»ç¾©ãé常ã«æ´»æ§åãããç¶æ³ãä½ãåºãã¦å¼·åãªååãçã¿åºãã§ããããã¨å½¼å¥³ã¯äºæ¸¬ãã¦ããã彼女ã¯ä»¥ä¸ã®ããã«äºè¨ãã¦ããã®ã ã
Â
è¿å¹´çºå±ãç¶ãã¦ããæåã«ãã£ã¦èªãããã¦ãã¾ã£ã¦ããé度ã®èªç±ãæ¾åã®ããã«çºçããç¶æ³ã¯ãæ½å¨ãã¦ãã権å¨ä¸»ç¾©è ãã¡ãåºæ¿ãããããã¦ãçªç¶ã§æ¿ãããæ´åçã§ããããããã¦ã»ã¨ãã©ç¢ºå®ã«äºæ¸¬ä¸å¯è½ãªä¸å¯å®¹ã®è¡¨åºãè¡ãããâ¦ãã®ãããªäºæ ã確å®ãªãã®ã«ãã¦ãã¾ã£ã¦ããã®ã ãããã¦ããããä¸å¯å®¹ã¨ã¯ä¼çµ±ã¸ã®åãªãæçããã»ã¨ãã©å¶ç¶ã«çã¿åºãããå¯ç£ç©ãªã®ã§ã¯ãªãã¦ãæåçãªè¦ç¯ãããåã 人ã®å¿çã«ãã£ã¦çã¿åºããããã®ã§ããã¨ããã°â¦ç§ãã¡ã¯ç°ãªãå°æ¥ã®å±æãå¾ãã ãããããã®åé¡ã¯èª°ã«ã¨ã£ã¦ã®åé¡ã§ããå°æ¥çã«ã¯ã©ããªããã¨ãããã¨ã«ã¤ãã¦ã®éã£ãç解ãå¾ãã ãããæ®åãã¦ããæåçè¦ç¯ãç¡å¿ã«å¸åããçµæã¨ãã¦ã®ä¸å¯å®¹ã§ã¯ãªãã¦ãåã 人ã®ç°å¸¸ãªå¿çç¶æ ãã湧ãåºã種é¡ã®ä¸å¯å®¹ã¯ãå¯å®¹ãä¿é²ããæåã«ããå¦ç¿ãããé大ãªå½±é¿ãä¸ãããã®ã¨ãªããããæ¿ããéåççã§ãããäºæ¸¬ã§ããã説å¾ã«å¾ããªããã®ã¨ãªãã¯ãã ã
Â
ãï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ã®æç« ã§ã¯ãã¹ãã£ãã¼ã¯ãä¸å¯å®¹ã¯éå»ã®éºç©ã§ã¯ãªããæªæ¥ã«ãããããããã®ã§ããã®ã ãã¨äºæ¸¬ãã¦ããã
Â
ï¼ç« ï¼ãã¾ãä½ãããã¹ããï¼
Â
ãã¨ã©ã®ã¤ã¾ãããã·ã§ããªã¹ããã¡ã観å¯ãã¦å½¼ãã®çµæ¸çç¶æ³ãå½¼ãã®ä¸é¨ãå®éã«ç¤ºãã¦ããã¬ã¤ã·ãºã ãææãã¦ããã ãã§ã¯ããã®è¨äºã®åé ã§ç§ãæ示ããçåâ¦ãã£ããä¸çã§ã¯ä½ãèµ·ãã£ã¦ãããã ï¼â¦ã®çãã¯å¾ãããªããã¾ãã°ãã¼ããªã¹ããã¡ã«ç®ãåãã¦ãå½¼ãã®å¤å®¹ãã価å¤è¦³ãããã«ãã¦ä»ã®å¸æ°ãã¡ãå³ç¿¼çãªæ¿æ²»çæå°è ãæ¯æãããã¨ã¸ã¨è¿½ãç«ã¦ãå ´åãããããã¨ãããã¨ã«ã¤ãã¦èããªããã°ãªããªããç¹ã«ãã°ãã¼ããªã¹ããã¡ã¯å¤§è¦æ¨¡ãªç§»æ°ã®åãå ¥ãã¨å½å®¶ä¸»æ¨©ã®åæ¸ãæ¯æãã¦ãããã¨ãã°ãã¼ããªã¹ããã¡ã«ã¯ã¨ã¼ãããé£åã®ãããªæ±å½å®¶çãªåå¨ã®ãã¨ãå½æ°å½å®¶ãããéå¾³çã«åªãããã®ã ã¨è¦ãªãå¾åããããã¨ãããã¦ã°ãã¼ããªã¹ããã¡ããã·ã§ããªã¹ããã¡ã¨å½¼ãã®æå½ä¸»ç¾©ããç´ç²ã§åç´ãªã¬ã¤ã·ãºã ãã ã¨ä¸å·ãã¦ãããã¨ã«ã¤ãã¦èããªããã°ãªããªããã°ãã¼ããªã¹ããã¡ã«ãããããã®è¡çºã¯ã権å¨ä¸»ç¾©çãªå¾åãåãã¦ãã人ã ã®å¿ã®ä¸ã«ãããè¦ç¯çè å¨ãã®ãã¿ã³ãæ¼ãã¦ãã¾ãããã°ãã¼ããªã¹ãã¨ãã®æ®é主義çãªããã¸ã§ã¯ãã«ç«ã¡åãããã¨ããç¾ç¶ç¶æä¿å®ã権å¨ä¸»ç¾©è ãã¡ã«åæµããããã«ä»åãã¦ãã¾ãã®ã ã
ããããã®è°è«ãæ£ãããã°ãã°ãã¼ããªã¹ãã®æ¿çã®ããã®æç½ãªå¦æ¹ç®ãå°ãåºãããã ãããçã£å ã«è¡ãã¹ãã¯ãèªåã®å½ã移æ°ã®ç§»ä½ãã©ã®ããã«è¡ã£ã¦ãããã«ã¤ãã¦æ³¨ææ·±ãèãã¦ã権å¨ä¸»ç¾©çãªåå¿ãå¼ãèµ·ããå¯è½æ§ãä½ããªãããã«ç§»ä½ã管çãããã¨ã ãä¸ã¤ã®å¤æ°ã«å¯¾ãã¦æ³¨æãæãã¹ãã§ããï¼å¤å½çã¾ãã®ä½æ°ã®æ¯çï¼ãããªãæã«ããã¦ãï¼ãæ°ãããã£ã¦ããåéå£ã®éå¾³çãªå·®ç°ã®ç¨åº¦ãããã¦ãããã®éå£ã®åä¾ãã¡ãæãéãã¦ããååã®ç¨åº¦ã§ããã
ãç°ãªã£ãéå¾³ãæã¤æåããã®åæ³çãªç§»æ°ã¯ãååã®ç¨åº¦ãä½ãã¨ãã¦ã移æ°ã®äººå£æ°èªä½ãä½ããã°åé¡ã«ã¯ãªããªããå°ããªæ°æéå£ã«ããé£ã³å°çãªç°ç¨®æååã¯ãååãªå¤§ãããæã¤å½å®¶ã«ã¨ã£ã¦ã¯è¦ç¯çè å¨ã¨ãªããªãã®ã ãç°ãªãéå¾³ãæã¤æ°æéå£ããã®ç§»æ°ãä¸ç¨åº¦ã®è¦æ¨¡ã§è¡ãããã¨ãã¦ãã移æ°ãã¡ã移ä½å ã®æåã«ååãããã¨ã«æåãã¦ããã¨è¦ãªãããéãã«ããã¦ã¯ãåé¡ãªãã移æ°ãã¡ãæ°å¤©å°ã®è¨èªã¨ä¾¡å¤è¦³ã¨æ £ç¿ã«å¿ãã¦ãããªããèªåãã¡ã®å½ã¯è¯ããã®ã§ãã価å¤ããã£ã¦å¤å½äººã«ã¨ã£ã¦ãé åçã ãã¨ãããã·ã§ããªã¹ããã¡ã®ãã©ã¤ãã¨ã調åãããããããå¼·åã§æåã®è¦è¾¼ã¿ãããååããã°ã©ã ãç¡ãã®ã«ãç°ãªãéå¾³ãæã¤å½ã ããæ´å²çã«å¤§è¦æ¨¡ãªéã®ç§»æ°ãåãå ¥ããã¨ãªãã¨ã権å¨ä¸»ç¾©çãªååãèµ·ãããã¨ã¯ã»ã¨ãã©ç¢ºå®ã§ããããæ°å¤ãã®ç¾ç¶ç¶æä¿å®ãã¡ããã®ååãæ¯æãããã¨ãäºæã§ããã ããã
Â
ï¼â¦ä¸ç¥â¦ï¼
Â
ãæ°ä¸»ä¸»ç¾©ã¯ãæ®éã®å¸æ°ã声ãçºãããã¨ãèªãããããã¨ãå¿ è¦ã¨ãããã¤ã®ãªã¹ã®ãã¸ã§ãªãã£ã¯ï¼æï¼ï¼æ¥ã®ãã¬ã¯ã¸ããã§å£°ãçºããããããã¦ä»ã®ã¨ã¼ããã諸å½ãããã¤ã®ãªã¹ã¨åæ§ã®ãã¸ã§ãªãã£ãã¡ã®å£°ãçºãããããããããªããããã¦ãï¼ï¼æã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«ããã大統é é¸æã§ãåæ§ã®å¯è½æ§ãããã®ã ãï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ã西æ´æ°ä¸»ä¸»ç¾©ã辿ã£ã¦ããéç¨ã®å¤§ããªè»¢æ©ã¨ãã¦è¨æ¶ããããã¨ã«ãªãå¯è½æ§ã¯é«ããä¸çã§ä½ãèµ·ãã£ã¦ããã®ãã¨ãããã¨ã«ã¤ãã¦æ¬å½ã«ç解ããããã®ãªããã°ãã¼ããªã¼ã¼ã·ã§ã³ã¨ç§»æ°ã¨ä¾¡å¤è¦³ã®å¤å®¹ã¨ã®éã®è¤éãªç¸äºä½ç¨ãèæ ®ããã¹ããªã®ã ã
ããã®è¨äºã§ç§ãè«ããã¹ãã¼ãªã¼ãæ£ããã¨ããã°ãã°ãã¼ããªã¹ãããã·ã§ããªã¹ãæ¿å ããæ ç±ã¨æ票æ°ãå¸åããããã®çºè¨ãè¡åãæ³å¾ã®å¶å®ãè¡ããã¨ã¯ç°¡åã«ã§ããããããããããããããã«ã¯ãå½å®¶ã®ã¢ã¤ãã³ãã£ãã£ãå£çµããéå¾³çã³ãã¥ããã£ãåãã¦ãã価å¤ã«ã¤ãã¦æ·±ãèãç´ããã¨ãæ±ããããã§ãããã移æ°ã«ã¤ãã¦ã®å¤æå主義çãªã¢ããã¼ããæ£å´ãã¦ã移æ°ã®ååãæ¨å¥¨ãããã¨ãæ±ããããã®ã ã
ããããããç¬èªã®ä¼çµ±ã¨éå¾³ç秩åºãåããä¸çä¸ã®æ°å¤ãã®å°åçã»å½å®¶çã»ãã®ä»ã® "åçãª" ã¢ã¤ãã³ãã£ãã£ãâ¦ä¸å·ãããå´©å£ããããããã®ã§ã¯ãªãâ¦å°éããªãããåæã«ã貿æã»æåã»æè²ã»äººæ¨©ã»ããã¦ç°å¢ä¿è·ã«é¢ããã°ãã¼ãã«ãªååãè¡ããã¨ã«ãã£ã¦å¾ãããå©çãæã«ããããã«ã¯ãã©ãããã°ããã®ã ãããï¼ã©ã®ãããªä¸çãªããã°ãã¼ããªã¹ãã¨ãã·ã§ããªã¹ããå¹³åã«å ±åãããã¨ãã§ããã®ã ãããï¼ããããããï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ä»¥å¾ã®è¥¿æ´å½å®¶ã«ã¨ã£ã¦é大ãªåé¡ãªã®ã§ãããããããªãã
Â
Â
Â
é¢é£è¨äºï¼
*1:ã¯ãªã¹ãã£ã³ã»ã´ã§ã«ãã§ã«ãä¸ç価å¤è¦³èª¿æ»ã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯åæã®ç¬¬ï¼ç« ã§è«ãããã¦ãã