組織學習
組織學習（粵拼：zou2 zik1 hok6 zaap6；英文：organizational learning）係指一個組織好似有智能嘅生物噉進行學習：一個組織嘅成員嘅知識－包括外顯知識同內隱知識－可以隨住個組織經歷到嘅嘢而有所變化，而且組織成員之間仲可以互相傳遞知識[1][2]；組織成員嘅知識結合埋一齊[註 1]，就會形成一個組織嘅整體知識，於是一個組織內部有嘅知識就會隨個組織嘅經歷同成員嘅學習而有所變化－彷彿就好似個組織整體係一隻識學習嘅有智能生物噉；呢種變化過程就係所謂嘅組織學習[3]；技術性啲噉講嘅話，即係話一個組織嘅整體知識同行為係時間（或者經驗）嘅函數。組織學習嘅過程可以受到「個組織嘅過往經驗」以及外在條件等嘅多個因素影響[4][5]。
學習曲線
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組織學習嘅現象可以用學習曲線（learning curve）嚟衡量。學習曲線係心理學同相關領域上用嚟模擬學習現象嘅一種數學模型：想像家陣有個人一路係噉做工作 做一段時間，正常嚟講，隨住時間過去，佢喺工作 上嘅表現正常嚟講會愈嚟愈好（做得愈嚟愈熟手），並且去到某一個點因為受試者技術去到最高點而變平；如果用 Y 軸做嗰個人喺工作 上嘅表現、X 軸做時間或者經驗，就會畫出一條 Y 值隨時間上升嘅線（好似係右圖噉），呢條就係嗰嗰個人喺工作 上嘅學習曲線[6]。而組織成員之間嘅知識傳遞就可以用成員嘅學習曲線之間嘅關係嚟衡量：是但搵一個組織成員嚟睇，佢條學習曲線同第啲組織成員嘅都可以有一定嘅統計關係，而組織成員嘅學習曲線之間嘅統計關係可以反映佢哋之間嘅知識傳遞[7]。
一個組織嘅打工仔嘅學習曲線（ 係佢哋組織想佢哋做嘅嘢）會反映佢哋嘅學習，而一間公司嘅打工仔加埋就會大致上反映個組織整體嘅學習[8]。研究指，唔同組織喺學習效率可以有相當大嘅差異，而呢樣嘢對佢哋嘅生產力有好大嘅影響：例如係喺 1936 年，有美國嘅航空工程專家喺度研究工人組裝飛機嗰陣嘅生產效率，並且提出所謂嘅「80% 學習曲線」諗法，指出喺航空工業當中，隨住一班工人愈做愈熟手，組裝飛機嘅成本平均會下降成 20% 咁多[9][10]。
文獻
[編輯]- Argote, L., & Miron-Spektor, E. (2011). Organizational learning: From experience to knowledge (PDF). Organization science, 22(5), 1123-1137.
- Argote, L., Lee, S., & Park, J. (2020). Organizational Learning Processes and Outcomes: Major Findings and Future Research Directions (PDF). Management Science.
- Desai, V. M. (2010). Rule violations and organizational search: A review and extension (PDF). International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(2), 184-200.
- March, J. G. (1991). Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organization science, 2(1), 71-87.
- Pillai, S. D., Goldfarb, B., & Kirsch, D. A. (2020). The origins of firm strategy: Learning by economic experimentation and strategic pivots in the early automobile industry (PDF). Strategic Management Journal, 41(3), 369-399.
- Tippins, M. J., & Sohi, R. S. (2003). IT competency and firm performance: is organizational learning a missing link? (PDF). Strategic management journal, 24(8), 745-761.
- Jane Zhao, Z., & Anand, J. (2009).A multilevel perspective on knowledge transfer: evidence from the Chinese automotive industry (PDF). Strategic management journal, 30(9), 959-983.
睇埋
[編輯]註釋
[編輯]攷
[編輯]- ↑ Gray, P. H., & Meister, D. B. (2004). Knowledge sourcing effectiveness (PDF). Management science, 50(6), 821-834.
- ↑ Chan T.Y., Li J., Pierce L. (2014). Learning from peers: Knowledge transfer and sales force productivity growth (PDF). Management Sci. 33(4):463–484.
- ↑ Orlikowski, W. J. (2002). Knowing in practice: Enacting a collective capability in distributed organizing. Organization science, 13(3), 249-273.
- ↑ Fiol, C. M., & Lyles, M. A. (1985). Organizational learning. Academy of management review, 10(4), 803-813.
- ↑ Argote, L., & Miron-Spektor, E. (2011). Organizational learning: From experience to knowledge (PDF). Organization science, 22(5), 1123-1137.
- ↑ Fioretti, G. (2007). The organizational learning curve. European Journal of Operational Research, 177(3), 1375-1384.
- ↑ Argote L., Ingram P. (2000) Knowledge transfer: A basis for competitive advantage in firms. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes, 82(1):150–169.
- ↑ Argote, Linda (2013). Organizational Learning - Springer.
- ↑ Wright, T. P. (1936). Factors affecting the cost of airplanes. Journal of the aeronautical sciences, 3(4), 122-128.
- ↑ Fioretti, G. (2007). The organizational learning curve. European Journal of Operational Research, 177(3), 1375-1384.
