數學歸納法(粵拼:Sou3 hok6 gwai1 naap6 faat3;英文:Proof by mathematical induction)係一種數學上常用嘅證明方法。利用自然數(Natural number)嘅性質去證明一個有排序嘅命題(Proposition)。
數學歸納法法則(Principal Mathematical Induction)係數學歸納法證明命題嘅邏輯。
首先要證明以下呢兩樣嘢:
- 當
嘅時候,
呢個命題係啱嘅;
- 當
呢個命題係啱嘅時候,可以引伸到
都係啱嘅;
假如以上兩點成立到嘅話,咁就有得話當
嘅時候,
呢個命題會係啱嘅,而推落去又有得話當
嘅時候,
呢個命題都會係啱嘅,如此類推,就有得話「對應所有嘅自然數
,
都會係啱」(For all natural number
,
is true)。
數學歸納法需要以下三個步驟:
- 基本步驟(Base step):證明命題喺
嘅時候係啱嘅。
- 歸納假設(Induction hypothesis):假設命題喺
嘅時候係啱嘅。
- 推斷(Inductive step):利用(2)嘅假設,證明命題喺
嘅時候都係啱嘅。
證明
證明:
基本步驟:當
,
歸納假設:假設
推斷:想證明
係啱嘅。
所以呢個命題對應所有嘅
係啱。
證明「如果
係非零整數,咁對應所有正整數
,
係正數。」
證明:
基本步驟:如果
,
咁
係正數。
歸納假設:如果
係啱嘅話,即係
係正數。
推斷:如果
,
假設
係正整數。




假設
係正整數。


![{\displaystyle a+(a+d)+(a+2d)+\cdots +[a+(n-1)d]={\frac {n}{2}}[2a+(n-1)d]}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/18f081422096c1dce4daef92703465a3226ccbde)
,如果

假設
係正整數,
係整數。




假設
係正整數。


,
都係整數同埋 

假設
係正整數。
,
,
,
,
- Tillema, E., Kilpatrick, J., Johnson, H., Grady, M., Konnova, S., & Heid, M. K. (2015). Proof by mathematical induction. Mathematical Understanding for Secondary Teaching: A Framework and Classroom-Based Situations, 433.