First Aid
Uploaded by
Basriandi R. DarmawanFirst Aid
Uploaded by
Basriandi R. DarmawanFIRST AID
PRELIMINARY
Every work process at the workplace carries the risk of an
accident. Various preventive measures are taken to prevent
accidents. But the skills in doing first aid must be owned to
deal with accidents that might occur.
FIRST AID DESTINATION
• Saving lives at work
• Provide comfort and support the healing process
• Prevent the occurrence of things that are worse for the victim
• Soothe sufferers or injured victims at work
FIRST AID OFFICER
Every workplace must have employees who have the
skills to do first aid when there is a work accident
BASIC PRINCIPLES
1. Do not move or change the position of the injured person, especially if the injuries occur
due to falling, falling from a height with hardness or other violence. (Move or change the
position of the sufferer only if your action is to save from another danger.)
2. Act quickly if the patient is bleeding,
breathing difficulties, burns or shock.
3. Do not give any fluids to sufferers who have fainted or are half unconscious. Fluid can
enter the respiratory tract and cause breathing difficulties for sufferers.
4. Do not give alcohol to patients who have severe injuries.
ACCIDENT CASES AT WORK AND FIRST AID
1. Shock / Surprise Patients 8. Bleeding
2. Choking Food
9. Fracture
10. Dislocated
3. Chemicals or Insects Regarding Eyes 11. Breath disorders or even stop
4. Insect Stings breathing
12. If breathing stops and cardiac
5. Poisoning
arrest
6. Burns 13. Respiratory Mouth to Mouth
7. Scars / Scratches / Cuts 14. Heart massage
SHOCK / SURPRISE PATIENTS
Someone has shock, his face will appear pale, his body cold and sweaty. Breath
fast.
Handling:
1. Try to lie down and place your feet in a higher position than your head,
unless there is a wound on the head.
2. Cover the body to warm, but don't get too hot for it.
3. Give sugar drinks to the sufferer if the patient is truly conscious
CHOKING FOOD
Stand behind the patient and hug his waist with both hands. Fist your hand and
press this head on the upper abdomen, just below the ribs and above the center.
Pull your hands tightly upward. Repeat several times until the food comes out
of the patient's throat.
CHEMICALS OR INSECTS REGARDING EYES
1. Lay the victim down and pour sterile water into his eyes to remove the
chemicals, then compress it with sterile gauze and immediately go to the
doctor.
2. If the insect is on the eye, take it with the tip of a clean handkerchief. But if
it still feels bad, go to the doctor immediately. Never rub your eyes with
chemicals or insects with your bare hands
INSECT STINGS
Bee stings, if swelling has appeared, compress immediately with ice. If the
victim is allergic to certain insect stings, immediately ask for a doctor's help.
POISONING
Give as much drink (plain water, milk or coconut) as possible until the victim
can vomit, and take it to the doctor. However, it is not always the victim of
vomiting.
BURNS
1. Remove all objects from parts of the body around the wound
2. Stream water 10-20 minutes on the burned skin
3. Wrap the burning part
4. If the wound has blistered, take it to the hospital.
1 2
3 4
SCARS / SCRATCHES / CUTS
Wash with water and cover the wound with tape or band aid. But if the
scratch / tear is too large, the doctor must be treated immediately.
BLEEDING
Stop bleeding by pressing the wound or around the wound. Press continuously.
Do not release the pressure every moment just to see if the bleeding has
stopped.
If after being given the bleeding pressure it still hasn't stopped,
maybe the pulse or vein is cut off, press the pulse near the wound, to stop the
blood flow from the heart to another place. Take it to the doctor immediately
FRACTURE
1. Do not try to lift or move the victim's body if you are not good
at it.
2. If the spine is broken, the victim may only be carried carefully
in a position lying on a hard mat.
3. To break the jawbone, lift the lower jaw until the upper and
lower teeth are united, then tied and taken to the doctor.
4. For a broken hand or foot, use a stick or a stack of newspapers
to support, and wrap it before getting a doctor's help.
DISLOCATED
Put the dislocated body part higher than
other body parts, to prevent swelling,
then immediately ask for expert help or
a doctor. Especially for dislocated
knees, immediately take it to the doctor,
because if handled by a less
professional, it will have bad
consequences later on.
BREATH DISORDERS OR EVEN STOP
BREATHING
To recognize the interference with the respiratory system, the examination and
handling stages are used as follows:
1. Helper knows whether the patient is still breathing or not. This action is
done in a simple way, namely Look, Listen, Feel the breath of the victim.
2. If it is difficult to breathe / even not breathe, immediately seek help / an
ambulance telephone. Perform an airway examination, whether there is a
blockage or not (base of the tongue, vomit, dirt in the mouth.)
3. The first aid action taken is to free the airway by pulling the tongue out,
expelling foreign matter in the oral cavity (use both fingers)
IF BREATHING STOPS AND CARDIAC ARREST
Providing artificial respiration from mouth to mouth (mouth-to-mouth) and
chest compression must be performed. This action must be trained to use props
(puppets) periodically.
RESPIRATORY MOUTH TO MOUTH
Lay the patient in a supine position. Open the patient's
mouth by revealing his jaw. Keep the mouth made
during breathing artificially open. Close the patient's
nostrils. Blow the patient's mouth and remove your
mouth from the patient's mouth and see if the patient's
mouth re-emits the air you blow. If not, check once more
maybe there is still something that blocks breathing in
the patient's mouth. Give 2x breath of assistance
HEART MASSAGE
Perform heart massage / sequencing. Place the
palms of your hands in a position to overlap at
the bottom of the patient's chest. Press with the
lower palm about 5 cm deep. Repeat the
pressure. Do it with a ratio of 30: 2. (30
compression / massage: 2 artificial breaths)
THANKS
