Basic First Aid for

Medical Emergencies

Health, Safety & Environment Department

Session Objectives

 Recognize the benefits of obtaining

First-aid Training
 Identify proper procedures for a variety
of medical emergencies
 Assist in administering first aid when a
co-worker is injured
 To make sure that no further harms are
occurred
Session Outlines
 Definition
 Emergency Action Steps
 Emergency cases:

Chocking
Eye Injuries
Shock
Burns
Bleeding
Splinting
Nose Injuries
Poisoning/ Chemical Exposure
Fractures
Help! Emergency!

Minutes could
make a
difference !!!
What Is First Aid?
First = immediate
Aid = care
 Deals with injuries or sudden illness
 DOES NOT replace the need for medical care
Emergency Action Steps
1. Check the Scene
2. Check the Victim: Check for consciousness.
a) If response:
1. Interview the Victim
2. Check Vital Signs
3. Check Skin & Temperature
4. Visually Inspect Body (cut, bleeding, … )

b) If the victim does not respond:

1. Call for Help
2. Open the airway and Check for breathing and circulation (CAB) , start CPR
Airway Obstruction
(Chocking)
Types of Chocking:
 Partial air exchange:

coughing forcefully
 Complete blockage:

unable to breath, speak, or cough

Common causes of obstruction

Tongue, vomit, foreign body, swelling, spasm
Caring for Airway Obstruction
 Partial obstruction:
Do not interfere and encourage him
to continue coughing and breathing
effort
 Complete obstruction:
Abdominal thrusts until:
1. Object is removed or
2. Victim is unresponsive
Shock

 Lay the victim down

 Cover

 Raise feet
Shock
Shock is the failure of the cardiovascular system to provide
adequate oxygen-rich blood to the vital organs. Shock is life-
threatening.
Common Causes:
 Sudden illness: heart attack, or injury( severe bleeding.)
 Emotional stress.
Signs of Shock:
1. Altered mental status (Restlessness or irritability)
2. Pale and cold skin
3. Nausea and vomiting
4. Rapid breathing and pulse
5. Unresponsive in late stages
Care for Shock
 Monitor the ABCs (Airways, breathing and
circulations).

 Control any external bleeding as soon as possible

 Position victim on his back.

 Raise victim’s legs 6 to 12 inches

 Prevent heat loss

 Do not give anything to eat or dink.

Bleeding
Bleeding and Wounds

Bleeding is the loss of blood from arteries, veins,

and capillaries.

External bleeding:
occurs with open wounds whereby the
skin is broken.
Internal bleeding:
is the escape of blood into spaces inside
the body Uncontrolled bleeding is life-
threatening.
External Bleeding
Care for External Bleeding
1. Wear gloves.
2. Expose wound.
3. Cover with clean cloth or gauze.
4. Apply direct pressure
5. Clean wound with antiseptic solution.
6. Elevate the area
7. Apply a pressure bandage
Special Wounds
Amputations
• Control bleeding.
• Treat for shock.
• Recover amputated part.
• Wrap part in gauze, place in a bag, and keep bag
cool.
• Transport the part with the victim.

Embedded (impaled) objects

• Expose area.
• DO NOT remove the object.
• Control bleeding around the object.
• Stabilize the object.
Care for Nosebleeds
1. Sit and lean slightly forward.
2. Pinch the soft parts of the nose together.
3. Apply ice over nose.
4. Seek medical care if needed.
Electrical Shock

Don’t touch!
Turn power off
Call EMS For 122
Remove person
from live wire
Check for breathing
Burns

 First-degree burns—Reddened, painful skin

 Second-degree burns—Blistering
 Third-degree burns—Charring, deep tissue damage
Burns
Burns are injuries resulting from exposure to heat, chemicals, electricity
Heat Burn
Depth (degree):
1. First-degree (superficial)
Redness
Mild swelling
Tenderness
Pain

2. Second-degree (partial thickness)

Blisters
Swelling
Intense pain

3. Third-degree (full thickness)

Dead nerve endings
waxy skin, black color
First Aid for Heat Burns
1st Degree Burns:
 Cool with water until relive pain (10 min)
 Apply antibiotic ointment and watch for signs of infection
Small 2nd Degree Burns:
 Cool with water
 Cover burn with dry, nonstick, sterile dressing
Large 2nd Degree and 3rd Degree Burns
 Monitor breathing.
 Cover burn with dry, nonstick, sterile dressing
DO NOT clean, put ointment or break blisters.
 Seek medical care
Care for Chemical Burns Care for Electrical Burns:
(Acids, alkalis):

1. Flush skin. 1. Make the scene safe.

2. Remove contaminated clothing2. Open airway and check
if it nonstick. breathing.

3. Cover burn 3. Cover burns.

4. Care for shock 4. Care for shock

5. Call for medical care.
5. Seek medical care.
Eye Injuries

 Splashes

 Particles in eye
 Blow to eye
 Cuts near eye
 Penetrating objects
Eye Injuries

Types: Signs:
 Chemical Burn. 1. Tears.
 Penetrating object or cut. 2. Painful irritation.
3. Difficulty opening the eye.

Chemicals in the Eye Penetrating Eye Injuries

1. Flush with warm water for 20 1. Stabilize the object.

min 2. Cover the damaged eye.
2. Loosely bandage both eyes. 3. Seek immediate medical
3. Seek immediate medical care care.
Broken Bones/ Fractures
Fracture
1. Closed (simple) fracture
2. Open (compound) fracture

Signs:
 Deformity
 Open wounds
 Tenderness ( sensitivity to pain)
 Swelling

FA for Closed fracture:

3. Check circulation, and splint the injured area.
4. Apply a cold pack and elevate
5. Seek medical care.

FA for Open Fracture:

6. Stabilize injured part to prevent movement.
7. Cover wound and exposed bones without applying pressure.
8. Seek medical care.
Splinting

 Reduces pain
 Prevents further damage to muscles,
nerves, and blood vessels
 Prevents closed fracture from becoming
open fracture
 Reduces bleeding and swelling
Head, Spinal and Rib
Fractures
Care for Head, Spinal Fractures
 Stabilize head and neck.
 Open airway and check breathing.
 Control any external bleeding carefully.
 Seek medical care

Care for Rib Fractures

1) Help victim find a comfortable position for
breathing.
2) Support the injured area.
3) Seek medical care
Heatstroke
Heatstroke

 Body temperature becomes extremely high

 Requires rapid intervention
Signs of Heatstroke
 Extremely hot, dry skin
 Confusion
 Seizures
 Unresponsiveness
Care for Heatstroke
1. Stop activity and rest in cool place.
2. Call EMS
3. If unresponsive, open airway, check breathing, and provide care.
4. Rapidly cool patient with cool, wet towels, fanning, and cold packs.
Poisoning/ Chemical Exposure

A poison is a substance that causes injury or death when

introduced into the body by:
 Swallowing.
 Inhaling.
 Absorbing.
 Injecting.
Swallowed Poison

Common causes:
Overdose of medicine or drug with alcohol.
Cleaning products

Symptoms:
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.
Chest or abdominal pain and/ or breathing difficulty.
Sweating.
Loss of consciousness.
Seizures.
Burns around the mouth or tongue.

FA for Swallowed Poison:

1) Place the victim on his side if he is vomiting, and look for containers.
2) Phone EMS immediately
3) Care for shock and monitor breathing
4) Save containers
Absorbed Poison

Symptoms:
Itching.
Eye irritation.
Changes in breathing and pulse rate.
Headache.

FA for Absorbed Poison

Remove the victim from the source of poison.
Wash poison from the skin and remove clothing contaminated with poison.
Call EMS and monitor breathing
Injected Poison
Common causes:
Stings from insects spiders bites, snakebites and Scorpion Stings.

Symptoms of Insect Sting

a) Signs of insect stings:
pain, itching, and swelling
b) Signs of poising
[Link] burning pain
[Link] , rash
[Link] and blood-filled blisters
[Link], vomiting, sweating, weakness
[Link] breathing
Care for Snake Bite
Scorpion Stings
1. Keep victim calm; limit movement.
2. Seek medical care
3. Wash area with soap and water.
4. Stabilize extremity.
5. Apply mild pressure and bandage.
6. keeping the affected part below the level of the heart
7. Put ice
Review

Do you understand first-aid

procedures for:
 No breathing?
 Bleeding?

 Shock?

 Heart attack?
 Choking?

 Electrical shock?
Multiple choice

1. Which is the worst a. First degree

kind of burn? b. Third degree
2. For a particle in a. Flush with water
the eye: b. Rub eye
3. For inhalation of a. Induce vomiting
vapors or gases: b. Move to fresh air
4. For heatstroke: a. Call for help
b. Don’t call for help
THANK YOU