STAY SAFE AND
SOUND
Accident is an Accidental injuries are
sometimes called
unpredictable event that unintentional injuries ex. Are
can happen to everyone vehicular accidents,
that could result to musculoskeletal injuries,
injury, property damage heat-related injuries,
or even death. poisoning, drowning and
household fires.
• Safety education is the
teaching of knowledge,
skills, attitudes, and
behaviors that could
help minimize or avoid
risks or dangers at
home, school,
community, and in any
situation.
FIRST AID
• First aid is the immediate
care given to a person who
has been injured or
suddenly taken ill. It
includes self-help and
home care if medical
assistance is not available
or delayed.
THE OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID
ARE THE FOLLOWING:
•To lessen suffering
•To prevent further
injury or danger
•To preserve life
•To hasten recovery
WHO IS FIRST AIDER?
• Is a trained personnel
who provides first aid.
Since accidents or
unintentional injuries
may happen anytime,
you must learn the
basics or firs aid.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
FIRST AIDER
• A good first aider is:
• Gentle-one who does not cause any pain.
• Resourceful-One who makes use of things at hand with the
best capability.
• Observant-One who notices all signs.
• Tactful-One who does not make the victim worry.
• Sympathetic-One who comforts the victim.
• Respectable-One who has a professional and caring attitude.
• Calm and confident-One who does not easily panic and knows
what he/she is doing.
WHAT ARE THE ROLES AND
RESPONSIBILITIES OF A FIRST AIDER?
He/She bridges the gap between the victim and the physician.
He/She does not take the place of the services of the
physician.His/Her role ends when the physicians begins.
He/She ensures the safety of him/herself and that of bystanders.
Gains access to the victim
He/She determines any threats to
the patient's life.
He/She summons(the act of calling
help)advanced medical care as needed.
He/she provides needed care for
the patient.
He/She records all findings and
care given to the patient.
A first aider must follow the procedure
WHAT ARE when providing treatment.This is to avoid
further injury or problems arising from the
THE first aid treatment done.
GUIDELINES
AND
PROCEDURES 1. Obtain the consent of the victim if
possible.
THAT A FIRST
AIDER MUST
FOLLOW
WHEN 2. Gain the confidence of the victim.
PROVIDING
3. Assess the victim's injury or
sudden illness.
4. Identify the victims' problems and
which of them requires immediate
first aid.
5. Seek medical care if necessary.
`
7. Get useful
information about
6. Provide the
the victim for the
appropriate first
use of attending
aid treatment.
medical
personnel.
1. Conduct an initial
FIRST AID AS observation
AN
IMMEDIATE -Observe the environment and
situation for possible harm and
AND dangers.
TEMPORARY
CARE GIVEN -Keep oneself safe from the risk of
danger in trying to help or rescue
WHILE a victim.
WAITING FOR
-Always display self-confidence
MEDICAL and knowledge. Perform first aid
ASSISSTANCE calmly, quickly and efficiently.
-Check whether the victim is
conscious by tapping him/her on
his/her shoulder. Shout by saying ,’’
ARE YOU OKAY? ’If there is no
response, shout for Help! To catch
the attention of other people
nearby.
-Ask someone to call for medical
help.
• 2. Immediate Action
-very important to save
lives
-it helps keep the
relatives of the victims from
panicking and remain calm.
-effective and
immediate first aid gives a
better chance of a good and
fast recovery
FIRST AID AIMS TO LESSEN PAIN, PREVENT
FURTHER INJURY, AND PROLONG LIFE
• The first aider can ask someone to
contact the Emergency Medical
Technician(EMT).They provide
immediate care to ill or injured patients
in an emergency.In calling for medical
assistance from the experts, there are
two important things that you should be
remembered.These are:call emergency
hotlines and tell them what service you
want, such as ambulance, expert
rescuers,fire or police, as early as
possible.
1. Stay on the line until the emergency service operator
responding to the call has given information that is on
the way.
2. Give exact information
Caller’s Exact address Phone number Number and
Landmarks of Type of
or location of from where the condition of
name the accident
the location accident call is being made the victim
FIRST AID FOR COMMON CONDITIONS
• 1. Insect Bites-are minors while others
can be deadly.
• First Aid
• 1. Examine the area stung by the
insect. If the stinger penetrates under
the skin, do not force the stinger out
because it will only result in the
penetration of more venom in the
body.
• Place ice on the sting area to relieve
pain, redness and itchiness.
If the victim experience
dizziness , vomiting, and
Observe the victim’s skin stomach pain, immediately
for at least 30 minutes for seek medical attention or
signs of an allergic bring him to the nearest
reaction. clinic or hospital.Perform
rescue breathing if
necessary.
• 2. Animal Bites-from dogs, cats, rats
and even humans can result in
tetanus.
• -if the animal who bites gets sick or
dies afterwards, it may carry rabies
that can be fatal.
• RABIES-is a viral disease that can be
transmitted through bites form an
infected animal to another.But it can
also spread if the animal’s
saliva(spit) gets directly into a
person’s eyes, nose, mouth,or an
open wound(scratch or scrape).
• The first aid should be performed
immediately.
• 1. Wash the animal bite with soap
and water.
• 2. Since the major concern in
animal bites is bleeding, put
antiseptic and cover the wound with
a clean and dry cloth or gauze.
• Go immediately to the nearest
hospital or medical facility and ask
for help form a professional doctor
to treat tetanus or rabies.
• 3. Wounds-are injuries to the
skin and body tissues.These
happen as a result of an
accident that may cause cuys,
scrapes and punctured skin.
• FIRST AID-clean the affected
area of the skin.Antiseptics
can be applied to prevent
infection.For severe wounds,
the victim should consult a
doctor.
• 4. BURN-this happen when the skin or
other tissues are damaged.This may
be caused by heat.
• First aid
• 1. Help the victim to sit or lie down
• 2. Cool the injury by flooding it with
plenty of cold water.
• 3. Call for emergency help and if
possible.
• Cool the affected area for at least 10
minutes. Do not touch,do not remove
clothes stuck to the burn.Cover the
injured area and protect it from
infection.
• 5. Bleeding or Hemmorhage-it occurs when a blood
vessel is damaged and constricted.This can be life
threatening if the body losses an excessive amount of
blood.
• First Aid to Control Bleeding
• A. Apply directly pressure to the wound
• B. Raise and support the injured part.
• C. Lay the victim down.
• D. Bandage dressing in place.
• E. Call for emergency help.
• 6.Fainting- is a sudden loss of consciousness due to poor
blood flowing to the brain.Symptoms-weakness, cold
perspiration, paleness, and dizziness.
• First Aid
• 1. Ventilate the area.
• 2. Let the victim lie down or bend over and lower the
head to bring back the normal flow of blood.
• 3. If the victim does not recover within five minutes, seek
medical help.
• 4. Apply rescue breathing if necessary while waiting for
medical help.
• 7. POISONING- this occurs
when poison or a toxic
substance is taken into or
absorbed by the body,
sufficiently enough to
cause temporary or
permanent damage. A
poison can enter to the
body through swallowing,
skin absorption, inhalation,
splashing into the eyes or
injection.
• FIRST AID
• 1. Monitor the victim and
call for medical help.If the
victim is conscious, asked
what was swallowed.how
much and when.
• 2.Commence CPR,if
necessary.
• 3. Monitor the victim’s vital
signs and keep samples of
any vomit.
• 8. Chocking-This occurs
when an airway is
blocked, making
breathing difficult.The
airway may be blocked
by a piece of food or a
small object.Avictim can
use universal sign for
choking by clutching the
throat with one or both
hands.
HEIMLICH MANEUVER ON A
CHILD
HEIMLICH MANEUVER ON AN
ADULT
HEIMLICH MANEUVER OF
YOURSELF
• 9. Hyperventilation-is also known
as rapid fast breathing or over
breathing.This condition occurs
when there is an imbalance of
inhaling oxygen and exhaling
carbon dioxide due to emotional
states such as anger, depression ,
anxiety, and stress.
• Causes-bleeding, fear, confusion,
infection nervousness, asthma,
heart failure, overdose of drugs,
severe pain head injuries, use of
stimulants like cocaine and
methamphetamine
FIRST AID
• Slow deep breathing(1
breath every 5 seconds)
• Breath through pursed lips.
• Breath slowly into a paper
bag.
• Pinch one nostril and breathe
through the nose.
• Hold breath for about 10-15
seconds at a time.
• 10.Heat-related conditions
or hyperthemia-these are
caused by high
temperature and humidity
from exposure to hot
weather and sun.There
are three forms: heat
cramps, heat exhaustion
and heat stroke.
• A.heat cramps-these are
muscle spasm caused by
the loss of too mush salt
and other electrolytes
during too much sweating.
FIRST AID
1. Have the victim rest in a cool
place and administer sips of half
glass water or sports drink every 15
minutes.
2. Apply moist towels to the
forehead and the cramping
muscles.Gently stretch cramped
muscles.
3. Avoid the victim from forcing
action for at least 12 hours.
• B. Heat exhaustion-this
is a condition less
severe than heat
stroke.This occurs
when you are exposed
to high temperatures
and experience heavy
sweating and rapid
purse.
FIRST AID
• 1. Move the victim to a cool place and
remove as much clothing as
possible.Fan the victim lightly. Make sure
the victim does not shiver or get chilled.
• 2.Let the victim lie down with feet raised
8-12 inches.
• 3. If the victim is fully conscious, give
water or sports drink in half a glass
every 10 minutes for one hour.Monitor
the victim’s temperature every 5-10
minutes.
• 4. Call emergency help if the victim
vomits, the temperature is above 38.5
C, or the victim does not improve.
• C. Heatstroke-it is a life-
threatening emergency
caused by a failure to
regulate body
temperature.It is
characterized by extreme
fever, hot and dry moist
skin, delirium,coma, or
even death.
FIRST AID FOR HEATSROKE
• 1. Establish an airway and if possible, move to a cool place.
Remove as much clothing as possible.
• 2. Pour or spray cool water and fan vigorously. If the victim
begins to shiver, slow the cooling method as shivering
produces heat. Never use isopropyl alcohol as the skin
absorbs alcohol which can be toxic.
• 3. When the body cools down, seizures and vomiting may
occur, hence, position the victim for easy drainage.
• 4. Monitor the victim’s temperature until emergency
personnel arrive.
