THE GLOBAL

INTERSTATE SYSTEM
Global interstate system

- “the institution that creates warfare and sets economic

policies for a country”

In this chapter we will look at:

1. At regional alliances and worldwide organizations of states
(manifest the efforts of countries and government in the world
to cooperate and collaborate together.
2. International and regional economic bonds bodies (IMF and World
Bank)
3. Kind of replacement to the traditional nation state and the idea
of national autonomy comes from the non-state actors.
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE IN THE 21st CENTURY

1. The declining power of nation state.

2. Vast flow of all sort of things that run into and often right
through the borders of nation state. This could involve the
flow of digital information of all sorts through the internet.
3. There is mass migration of people and their entry, often
illegally, into various nation states. If states is unavailable
to control this flow, then there is a need for some sort of
global governments to help deal with the problem. The flow
of criminal elements, as well as their products (drugs,
laundered money, those bought and sold insects trafficking)
is a strong factor in the call for global governance.
EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION TO GOVERNMENT

Each government pledges itself to employ its

full resources, military, or economic against
those members of the TRIPARTITE PACT and its
adherents with which such government is at
war.

Each government pledges itself to cooperate

with the government signatory here to and not
to make a separate armistice or peace with the
enemies.
TRADITIONAL CHALLENGES

External intervention can generally be described as invasion

by other countries.
Internal political challenges can also happen.
 
CHALLENGES FROM NATIONAL/IDENTITY MOVEMENTS

It is important to know that a nation has cultural identity

that people attached to while a state is a definite entity due to
its specific boundaries
3rd major source of challenge comes from the Global economics
Demands the states to conform the rules of free-market
capitalism ( a society in which an open market sets prices for
the sole purpose of profits)
Government austerity comes from developments of
organization that cooperate across countries (WTO , NAFTA ,
EU And ASEAN)
 
GLOBAL SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
Social movements are movements of people that are
spontaneous or that emerge through enormous grassroots
organization (one which uses the people in a given district,
region, or community as the basis for a political or
economic movement. ... Grassroots movements, using self-
organization, encourage community members to contribute by
taking responsibility and action for their community.)
 Thesesocial movement are transnational
movements which means they occur across
countries and across borders.
 Human rights movements
 Environmental movement
 Increased role in international organizations
THE RELEVANCE OF THE STATE AMID GLOBALIZATION
The sate is a distinctive political community with its own set of rules and
practices that is more or less separate from other communities.
It has 4 elements:
 People
 Territory
 Government
 Sovereignty
Permanent Population
 First element of the state
 This population does not refer to a nomadic people that move from
one place to another in an indefinite time
 This permanent presence in one location is strengthen by the 2nd
element of state which define a territory
Territory
Territory has clear boundaries
a geographic area belonging to or under the jurisdiction of a
governmental authority
Government
 Regulates relation among its own people and with other
states
 thepolitical system by which a country or community is
administered and regulated.

NATION AND STATE

It is important to differentiate the idea of nation from state.
Nation refers to a people rather than any kind of formal territorial
boundaries or institution. State can be defined as a patch of land
with a sovereign government.
The Relevance of the State amid Globalization
State is a distinctive political community with it's
own set of rules and practices and that is more or
less separate from other communities.
Four elements: people, territory, government, and
sovereignty.
 Itis important to differentiate the idea of nation
from state.
 State is a political concept while a nation is a
cultural concept.
A variety of arguments are made including that the
nation-states continue to be the major players on the
global stage (Glipin, 2001), that they "retain at least
some power in the face of globalization"
(Conley,2002), that they vary greatly in "their
efficacy in the face of globalization" and that rumors
of the demise of the nation-state bare greatly
exaggerated.
 Globalization also creates a sense of
interdependence among nations, which could create
an imbalance of power among nations of different
economic strengths. The role of the nation-state in a
global world is largely a regulatory one as the chief
factor in global interdependence.
Institutions That Govern International Relations
There are several international organizations that
governments of countries around the world and
individuals participate in.
Includes:
United Nations, the International Court of Justice,
NAFTA, and NATO.
There are also non-governmental organizations
promoting social and economic growth.
 Peace Treaties and Military Alliances: The UN and
NATO
 Global politics entails relationship of countries and
different governments and non-governmental
organizations. The United Nations (UN) os one of
the leading political organizations in the world
where nations-states meet and deliberate. 
 Itremains as an independent actor in global
politics.
 Itsestablishment was restricting of the world
devastated after the Second World War
 The term "United Nations" was coined by former U.S. President
Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1942 (United Nations, 2011)
 Operations began on October 24, 1945
 Started with 50 representatives from different countries.
 It functions in four areas: military issues, economic issues,
environmental issues, and human protection.
 Maintaining peace and building friendship is the number one goal of
the UN, as well as providing a forum where countries could discuss
global issues.
 Maintaining international peace and security became the central
mission of the UN after the war.
 Five permanent members of the UN Security Council: United
States, Britain, Russia, China, and France.
 Has a program called UNICEF or the United Nation Children's
Emergency Fund.
In terms of economic issues, the main focus of the
UN is the reduction of global inequality.
The Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)-cover
range of concerns for the improvement of all
aspects of life. According to UN (2017), sustainable
development  encompasses economic prosperity,
social well-being, and environmental protection.
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)- did not end
poverty in for all people, the UN's post-2015
sustainable development agenda showcases the
vision of the organization when it comes to broader
issues such as climate change, disaster risk
reduction, and gender inequality. 
 (UNITED nations Environment Program (UNEP)- Environmental
Issues, such as pollution and hazardous wastes
 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)- took efforts
that can mitigate climate change like assessment of climate
science, facilitation of climate agreements, and giving assistance
to countries to reduce emissions.
 International Court of Justice (ICJ)- referred to as the World
Court. Where countries can settle disputes in a court of law, as
well as a place where war criminals and rulers who have done
terrible things to their people can be put to trial for their crimes.
Other variety  of international courts and tribunals created by
the UN: International Criminal Court (ICC) and International
Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS)
UN-sponsored human right treaties and agreements that have been
done for human protection:
Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)
UN Development Group's Human Rights Mainstreaming Mechanism
(UNDG-HRM)

NATO
 Defensive treaty or a military alliance between the United States,
Canada, and 25 European countries.
 This Treaty and international organization is based on the idea of
collective security.
 Created after the Second World War, mostly during the
begginning of the Cold War.
 The United States by far, the most advance military in the world
makes up the bulk of NATO forces and operations.
Non- Governmental Organization (NGOs)
 Another example of an international organization that was
developed out of war is the Red Cross ( Red crescent in muslim
countries). And it is considered as Non Government Organization
(NGO).
 They provide emergency relief such as food, water and medical
supplies for those whose homes or towns who have been destroyed
by the disaster or war.
 They also monitor the treatment of the prisoner of wars and go to
conflicts to make sure that no war crimes are taking place. In fact,
The Red Cross began as an organization to help those who were
wounded during wars.
 The big Red Cross worn by NGOs is the identification that they are
not solds.
 In addition to the Red Cross, there are many NGOs dedicated to
helping people around the world.
Globalization and Globalism
 When we compared” Globalism” to
“Globalization”, globalization would be better
described as the “ increase or Decline In the
Degree of globalism.
 What is Globalism? Refers to the network of
connections that transcend distances of different
countries in the world. In other words, the links
among countries and people are better associated
with globalism while the speed in which they
become linked with one another is globalization.
 Globalization means connectedness while globalism is
not, it will lead to a confusion that the present is the
only time in which people got connected while in the
past were not.But even before the industrial
revolution , the world already connected through the
conquest of different empires, such as those of the
romans, many parts of the world became under one
rule.
 We can also differentiate globalism and globlization in
terms of its “thickness”. Globalism is thin . As it
become thicker, globalization happens. This Means
that being able to connect countries in the world
through a more dynamic and faster way is
globalization.
 
 This is were globalization comes in. If we look at
the global trade today, it has reached a greater
number of people around the world. For example,
the selling products are not solely done through
physical transaction but can be done online as
well. This allows One, who has access to
computers and the World Wide Web, to be
connected with miollions people around the
world.
 Aside from the number of people, the speed was
also affected by the transition from thin globalism
to thick globalization.