This document discusses several topics related to global governance and internationalism. It identifies factors that have led to the emergence of global governance, such as declining nation-state power and increased cross-border flows. It also outlines some challenges to government sovereignty from global economics, social movements, and other entities. Additionally, it describes several international institutions that govern relations between countries, such as the UN, NATO, and WTO. Finally, it discusses two perspectives on internationalism - liberal internationalism which supports cooperation between independent nation-states, and socialist internationalism which rejects nationalism in favor of global class concerns.
This document discusses several topics related to global governance and internationalism. It identifies factors that have led to the emergence of global governance, such as declining nation-state power and increased cross-border flows. It also outlines some challenges to government sovereignty from global economics, social movements, and other entities. Additionally, it describes several international institutions that govern relations between countries, such as the UN, NATO, and WTO. Finally, it discusses two perspectives on internationalism - liberal internationalism which supports cooperation between independent nation-states, and socialist internationalism which rejects nationalism in favor of global class concerns.
This document discusses several topics related to global governance and internationalism. It identifies factors that have led to the emergence of global governance, such as declining nation-state power and increased cross-border flows. It also outlines some challenges to government sovereignty from global economics, social movements, and other entities. Additionally, it describes several international institutions that govern relations between countries, such as the UN, NATO, and WTO. Finally, it discusses two perspectives on internationalism - liberal internationalism which supports cooperation between independent nation-states, and socialist internationalism which rejects nationalism in favor of global class concerns.
This document discusses several topics related to global governance and internationalism. It identifies factors that have led to the emergence of global governance, such as declining nation-state power and increased cross-border flows. It also outlines some challenges to government sovereignty from global economics, social movements, and other entities. Additionally, it describes several international institutions that govern relations between countries, such as the UN, NATO, and WTO. Finally, it discusses two perspectives on internationalism - liberal internationalism which supports cooperation between independent nation-states, and socialist internationalism which rejects nationalism in favor of global class concerns.
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The passage discusses the effects of globalization on governments and the emergence of global governance. It also analyzes challenges to state autonomy from factors like global economics and identity movements.
Globalization leads to a decline in the power of nation-states as borders become more porous to flows of trade, migration, and information. It also demands that governments conform to rules of free market capitalism.
Challenges to state autonomy include external intervention by other countries, internal political dissent, and pressure from regional organizations like the UN. Identity-based movements and issues within states can also challenge state control.
Presented by:
Dancil, Emmanuel Jr.
Baclaan, Ricky Jr. Explain the effects of Globalization on governments. Identify the Institutions that govern International Relations. Analyse the role of Internationalism in the local communities. Specific Factors behind the emergence of global governance The first on the list must be the declining power of nation- state A second factor is the vast flow of all sorts of things that run into and often right through to borders of nation-state. Mass migration and their entry, often illegally, into various state. Another set of issues that has led to calls for global governance involves horrendous events within nation-state that the state themselves either foment and carry out, or are unable to control (Nordstrom, 2004) There have been several challenges to the government and ultimately, to state autonomy.
Challenges that affect of the Globalization to the
Government Traditional challenges Challenges from national or Identity movements Global Economics Global social movements External intervention can generally be described as invasion by other countries. Example: When Saddam Hussein was the ruler of Iraq in 1990 he decided he was going to take over the oil fields of Kuwait. He invaded Kuwait and took it over. As a result, he was dislodged by international coalition led by the US Internal political challenges Example: In Syria, the original rebellion against Assad came from the country’s own internal dissenters who wanted to replace the government even though they were also Syrian nationals There are also regional organizations challenging states autonomy. The United Nations intervened in Sudan because of the several years of Civil War. It is important to know that a nation has cultural identity that people attached to, while a state is a definite entity due to its specific boundaries. However different people with different identities can live in a different states. For example: The Kurds resides in several different countries including Iraq, Iran, and Turkey. Global economy demands the states to conform to the rules of free-market capitalism. Neoliberal economics or neoliberal capitalism started in the 1980’s It focuses on free trade and dismantling trade barriers. It made sure that governments did not impose restrictive regulations on corporate presence, as well as on the free flow of capital and jobs. Neoliberal economics is seen as a threat, in general, because a state cannot protect its own economic interest as a sovereign state. Example: Greece is one example that explains how neoliberal economics can threaten the sovereignty of a state. Are movements of people that are spontaneous or that emerge through enormous grassroots organization. These social movements are transnational movements which means they occur across countries and across borders. Example: Human rights movements create a public sentiment, value, and agenda. The idea is that there are certain rights that states cannot neglect or generally, what we call human rights. The environmental movement is another example of global social movements related to public policy. Example: Consensus on womans’s rights. The biggest between the West and fundamentalist Islam is over the role of women in society, as well as woman’s autonomy. Rights of personal autonomy, this includes issues on homosexuality, same-sex marriage, and gender equality. the state is a distinctive political community with its own set of rules and practices and that is more or less separate from other communities. The Four Elements of State: Permanent population Territory Government Sovereignty There are several international organizations that governments of countries around the world and individuals participate in. These includes: The United Nations (UN) The International Court of Justice (ICJ) The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) The United Nation (UN) One of the leading political organizations in the world where nation-states meet and deliberate. The term “United Nation” was coined by former U.S President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1942 Began on October 24, 1945
Started with 50 representatives from different countries.
Generally functions in four areas:
Military issues → Environ mental issues
Economic issues → Human protection It is made up to 193 member states
Maintaining international peace and security became the central
mission of the UN after the war. There are five permanent UN Security Council: US, Britain, Russia, China, and France. The UN is not all about fights. It has a program called UNICEF or the United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund. In terms of economic issues, the main focus of the UN is the reduction of global inequality. The Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs) cover a range of concerns for the improvement of all aspects of life. Environmental issues, such as pollution and hazardous wastes, are addressed to the UNs environment Programme (UNEP) The UN also has the International Court of Justice (ICJ), usually to as the World Court. This is where countries can settle disputes in a court of law, as well as a place where war criminals and rulers who have done terrible things to their people can be put to trial for their crimes. Finally, the UN promotes and protects human rights through different organizations and mechanisms. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is a defensive treaty or a military alliance between the UN, Canada and 25 European countries. The countries in this organization basically agreed to combine their militaries and announce to the world that if a country messes with one of its members, the other countries will come to their defense. NGOs are not tied to any country. This allows them to operate freely throughout the world. They provide emergency relief such as food, water, and medical supplies for those whose homes or towns have been destroyed by disaster or war. Red Cross (Red Crescent in Muslim countries) is considered as NGO. It is an international organization that was developed out of war. WTO is made up of 162 countries around the world and was created with the goal of increasing free trade. Countries, therefore, can buy and sell goods from one another without placing taxes on imports or tariffs. NAFTA is an economic treaty between the UN, Canada, and Mexico in which the three countries trade freely without taxing each other particularly the desire for greater cooperation and unity among states and peoples. This desire is called internationalism.
Can be divided into two broad categories
The Liberal Internationalism The Socialist Internationalism The first major thinker of liberal internationalism was the late 18nth century German philosopher Immanuel Kant. Kant likened states in a global system to people living in a given territory. If people living together require a government to prevent lawlessness, shouldn’t that same principle be applied to states? Without the form of world government , he argued, the international system would be chaotic. Therefore, states, like citizens of countries, must give up some freedoms and “establish a continuously growing state consisting of various nations which will ultimately include the nations of the world.” In short, Kant imagined a form of global government. The first thinker to reconcile nationalism with liberal internationalism was the 19th century Italian patriot Guiseppe Mazzini. He believed in a Republican government (without kings, queens, and hereditary succession) and proposed a system of free nations that cooperated with each other to create an international System. For Mazzini, free, independent states would be the basis of an equally free, cooperative international system. He argued that if the various Italian mini-states could unify, one could scale up the system to create, for example, a United States of Europe. Mazzini was a nationalist internationalist, who believes that free, unified nation-states should be the basis of global cooperation. Wilson saw nationalism as a prerequisite for internationalism. Because of his faith in nationalism, he forwarded the principle of self determination—the belief that the world’s nations had a right to a free, and sovereign government. He hoped that these free nations would become democracies, because only by being such would they be able to build a free system of international relations based on international law and cooperation. Wilson, in short, became the most notable advocate for the creation of the League of Nations. At the end of World War I in 1918, he transform the League into a venue for conciliation and arbitration to prevent another war. For this efforts, Wilson was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919. The League was the concretization of the concepts of liberal internationalism. From Kant, it emphasized the need to form common international principles. From Mazzini, it enshrined the principles of cooperation and respect among nation- states. From Wilson, it called for democracy and self-determination. These ideas would reassert themselves in the creation of the United Nations in 1946. Karl Marx who was also a internationalist, but who differed from the former because he did not believed in nationalism. He believed that any true form of internationalism should deliberately reject nationalism, which rooted people in domestic concerns instead of global ones. Instead, Marx placed a premium on economic equality; he did not divide the world into countries, but into classes. The capitalist class referred to the owners of factories, companies and other “means of production.” In contrast, the proletariat class included those who did not own the means of production, but instead, worked for the capitalists. Marx died in 1883, but his followers soon sought to make his vision concrete by establishing their international organization. The Socialist International (SI) was a union of European socialist and labor parties established in Paris in 1889. Although, short-lived, the SI’s achievements included the declaration of May 1 as Labor Day and the creation of International Women’s Day. Most importantly, it initiated the successful campaign for an 8-hour workday. The SI collapsed during World War I as the member parties refused or were unable to join the internationalist efforts to fight for the war. Many of these sisters parties even ended up fighting each other. It was a confirmation of Marx’s warning: when workers and their organizations take the side of their countries instead of each other, their long-term interest are compromised.