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By/Dr - Abdisamad Omar Ali

This document discusses atrophy, aplasia, and hypoplasia. Atrophy is a reduction in organ size due to decreased cell size or number after normal growth. It occurs via apoptosis decreasing cell number or ubiquitin-proteasome degradation and autophagy decreasing cell size. Aplasia is a failure of cell production during embryogenesis. Hypoplasia is a decrease in cell production during embryogenesis resulting in a relatively small organ. Examples provided include muscle atrophy, thymus involution, and streak ovary in Turner syndrome.

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35 views22 pages

By/Dr - Abdisamad Omar Ali

This document discusses atrophy, aplasia, and hypoplasia. Atrophy is a reduction in organ size due to decreased cell size or number after normal growth. It occurs via apoptosis decreasing cell number or ubiquitin-proteasome degradation and autophagy decreasing cell size. Aplasia is a failure of cell production during embryogenesis. Hypoplasia is a decrease in cell production during embryogenesis resulting in a relatively small organ. Examples provided include muscle atrophy, thymus involution, and streak ovary in Turner syndrome.

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ATROPHY, APLASIA,

HYPOPLASIA

By/[Link] omar ali


Growth fails or reverts
Growth fails or reverts
Atrophy

 Atrophy : reduction in size of (cell, tissue,


organ) after normal growth

 A decrease in stress (decreased hormonal


stimulation, or decreased nutrients/blood supply)
leads to a decrease in organ size

 Occurs via a decrease in the size and number of


cells
Mechanism
 Decrease in cell number occurs via apoptosis

 Decrease in cell size occurs via :

1. Ubkquitin - proteosome degradation of the


cyloskeleton

2. Autophagy of cellular components


Mechanism

1. In ubiquitin - proleosome degradation :


intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton are
"tagged" with ubiquitin and destroyed by
proteosomes

2. Autophagy of cellular components : involves


generation of autophagic vacuoles, these vacuoles
fuse with lysosomes whose hydrolytic enzymes
breakdown cellular components.
Cells size
Ubiquitin proteasome pathway
Autophagy of cellular components
Autophagy of cellular components
Autophagy of cellular components
Muscle atrophy
Cachexia (muscle wasting)
Cachexia
Muscle atrophy
Aplasia
 Aplasia is failure of cell production during embryogenesis
(unilateral renal agenesis)
Thymus involution (normal development)
Aplasia
Hypoplasia
 Hypoplasia : is a decrease in cell production during
embryogenesis, resulting in a relatively small organ
(streak ovary in Turner syndrome)
Hypoplasia

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