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    Pharmacology (DNPC 4122) Topic: Type of Medication Route: Presented by

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    Suhaimi Shafie
    This document discusses the different routes of drug administration. There are several main routes including enteral, parenteral, topical, and local routes. Enteral routes include oral, buccal/sublingual, and rectal administration. Parenteral routes involve administration via injection and include subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, and intrathecal. Topical routes apply drugs to areas of the body and include cutaneous, intranasal, inhalation, vaginal, and ocular. Local routes deliver drugs to specific local tissues.

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    Pharmacology (DNPC 4122) Topic: Type of Medication Route: Presented by

    Uploaded by

    Suhaimi Shafie
    131 views22 pages
    This document discusses the different routes of drug administration. There are several main routes including enteral, parenteral, topical, and local routes. Enteral routes include oral, buccal/sublingual, and rectal administration. Parenteral routes involve administration via injection and include subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, and intrathecal. Topical routes apply drugs to areas of the body and include cutaneous, intranasal, inhalation, vaginal, and ocular. Local routes deliver drugs to specific local tissues.

    Original Description:

    Types of route for administration. For nursing students.

    Original Title

    Types of route

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    This document discusses the different routes of drug administration. There are several main routes including enteral, parenteral, topical, and local routes. Enteral routes include oral, buccal/sublingual, and rectal administration. Parenteral routes involve administration via injection and include subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, and intrathecal. Topical routes apply drugs to areas of the body and include cutaneous, intranasal, inhalation, vaginal, and ocular. Local routes deliver drugs to specific local tissues.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    131 views22 pages

    Pharmacology (DNPC 4122) Topic: Type of Medication Route: Presented by

    Uploaded by

    Suhaimi Shafie
    This document discusses the different routes of drug administration. There are several main routes including enteral, parenteral, topical, and local routes. Enteral routes include oral, buccal/sublingual, and rectal administration. Parenteral routes involve administration via injection and include subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, and intrathecal. Topical routes apply drugs to areas of the body and include cutaneous, intranasal, inhalation, vaginal, and ocular. Local routes deliver drugs to specific local tissues.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    PHARMACOLOGY

    (DNPC 4122)

    TOPIC : TYPE OF MEDICATION ROUTE


    PRESENTED BY:
    3042191092
    3042191093
    Definition : Routes of drug
    administration
    – A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology
    is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other
    substance is taken into the body. 

    – Routes of administration are generally classified by the


    location at which the substance is applied. 
    1. Oral
    ENTERAL 2. Buccal and sublingual
    3. Rectal

    ROUTES OF 1. Subcutaneous (under the skin)


    2. Intramuscular (in a muscle)
    DRUG PARENTERAL
    3. Intravenous (in a vein)
    4. Intrathecal (around the spinal cord)
    ADMINISTRATION
    1. Cutaneous & Transdermal (skin)
    2. Intranasal & Inhalation
    TOPICAL
    3. Vaginal
    4. Ocular (eye)
    ENTERAL
    ROUTE
    1. ORAL ROUTE

    DEFINITION: EXAMPLE:
    A route of administration  1. Amoldipine
    where a substance is taken 2. Metformin
    through the mouth.
    Reference:
    https://deserthopetreatment.com/addiction-
    guide/administration-methods/orally/
    Buccal : between gums and cheek.
    Example : Nicotine, nitroglycerine

    Sublingual : under tongue.


    Example : Warfarine, loratadine.
    2. BUCCAL
    AND
    Both can dissolve and absorbed directly
    into small blood vessels.
    SUBLINGUAL
    ROUTE
    Not swallowed.

    Reference:
    https://www.healthline.com/health/sublingual-and-buccal-
    medication-administration#disadvantages
    3. RECTAL ROUTE
    DEFINITION
    - uses the rectum as a route of administration for medication.
    - which are absorbed by the rectum's blood vessels.

    INDICATION
    1. people who cannot take a drug orally 
    2. cannot swallow
    3. have restrictions on eating

    EXAMPLES
    Reference: 1. Acetaminophen (fever)
    https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/drugs/ad
    ministration-and-kinetics-of-drugs/drug- 2.Diazepam (seizures)
    administration
    PARENTERAL
    ROUTE
    1. SUBCUTANEOUS
    ROUTE
    DEFINITION:
    A needle is inserted into fatty
    tissue just beneath the skin

    EXAMPLE OF DRUGS:
    1. Insulin
    2. Adrenaline
    Reference:
    https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/drugs/ad
    ministration-and-kinetics-of-drugs/drug-
    administration
    2. INTRAMUSCULAR
    ROUTE

    DEFINITION: EXAMPLE OF DRUGS:


    An intramuscular injection (IM) is a 1. Diamorphine
    shot where needles goes into the
    muscle layer under the skin 2. Hydroxocolbamin

    Reference:
    https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/drugs/ad
    ministration-and-kinetics-of-drugs/drug-
    administration
    3. INTRAVENOUS ROUTE

    DEFINITION:
    EXAMPLE OF DRUGS:
    A needle is
    inserted 1. Doxorubicin
    directly into a 2. Vancomycin
    vein

    Reference:
    https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/drugs/ad
    ministration-and-kinetics-of-drugs/drug-
    administration
    INTRATHECAL
    ROUTE

    DEFINITION: EXAMPLE OF DRUGS:


    A needle is inserted 1. Meninges
    between two vertebrae 2. Morphine
    in the lower spine and
    Reference: into the space around
    https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/drugs/ad
    ministration-and-kinetics-of-drugs/drug- the spinal cord.
    administration
    LOCAL ROUTE
    Definition
    Administered
    vaginally to
    1. INTRAVAGINAL
    women.

    Drug is
    How it slowly
    happened? absorbed
    through the
    vaginal wall.

    Type 1.solution
    of 2.tablet
    drugs: 3.cream/gel Reference:
    https://www.nursingtimes.net/clinic
    al-archive/medicine-
    management/the-administration-
    of-medicines-19-11-2007/
    2. OCULAR ROUTE

    Drugs used to treat Applied


    eye disorders direct to the
    (eg: glaucoma) eye.

    Example of drugs to
    treat glaucoma :
    Reference:
    https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/drugs/ad
    acetazolamide and be
    ministration-and-kinetics-of-drugs/drug- taxolol.
    administration
    3. CUTANEOUS
    ROUTE

    Applied to the skin.

    Used to treat superficial skin


    disorders.

    Type of drugs may be an ointment,


    cream, lotion, solution, powder or
    gel.
    Reference:
    https://www.definitions.net/defini (DRUG MIXED WITH UNACTIVE SUBSTANCES)
    tion/administration%2C+cutaneous
    Delivered body wide through a
    patch on the skin.

    Drugs are sometimes mixed 4.


    with a chemical. TRANSDERMAL
    ROUTE
    Drug can be delivered slowly and
    continuously for many hours or days or
    (PATCHES)
    even longer.

    Examples of such drugs:


    Nitroglycerin (for chest
    pain), scopolamine (for motion sickness)
    Reference:
    https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/drugs/ad
    ministration-and-kinetics-of-drugs/drug-
    administration
    Drug is to be breathed in and absorbed
    through the thin mucous membrane
    that lines the nasal passages. 5. Intranasal

    Example of drugs:
    1. nicotine (for smoking cessation)
    2. calcitonin (for osteoporosis)

    Reference:
    https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/drugs/ad
    ministration-and-kinetics-of-drugs/drug-
    administration
    6. INHALATION
    The breathing of air vapor or volatile drugs into the
    lungs.
    Drug pass through the windpipe (trachea) and into the
    lungs.

    Example of drugs:
    1. Ether.
    2. Halothane. Reference:
    https://www.slideshare.net/HmdlGhthy/7-
    routes-of-drug-administration
    Define Define the new terms used in this unit.

    LEARNING
    OUTCOMES
    List List routes of drug administration.

    Named Name or list several drugs from each route.


    REFERENCES
    1. https://deserthopetreatment.com/addiction-guide/administration-methods/o
    rally/
    2. https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/drugs/administration-and-kinetics-of-dr
    ugs/drug-administration
    3. https://www.slideshare.net/HmdlGhthy/7-routes-of-drug-administration
    4. https://www.nursingtimes.net/clinical-archive/medicine-management/the-ad
    ministration-of-medicines-19-11-2007/
    5. https://deserthopetreatment.com/addiction-guide/administration-methods/o
    rally/
    THANK YOU !

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