Chapter 4 Effects of Globalization To Governments

One of the key aspects of state sovereignty is the goverments.

It is a group of people who have the ultimate authority to act

on behalf of a state.
• Each state has its own right to self-determenation and that other
country should not intervene in the affairs of that state unless there
are extraordinary reason to do so.
• Other countries must recognize sovereignty or the right to govern
one's own terretorial borders.
• Each state is autonomous unto itself and responsible within its own
of government to those who are governed. The decisions, the
conflict, and the resolution of that conflict are done through the
institutions of government established and codified in that particular
state, wether or not through elections.
• A civil society within a state can also act as a counterweight or as
a supplement to government.
Civil society includes the private economy, educational
institutions, churches, hospitals, fraternal organizations, and other
non-profit organizations.
There have been several challenges to the government and
ultimately, to state autonomy.
Four Challenges
1.Traditional Challenges 3. Global Economics
2. Challenges from National/Identity 4. Global social movements
Movements
• Traditional Challenges
External intervention can generally be described as invasion
by other countries.
For example, When Saddam Hussein was the ruler of Iraq in
1990, he decided he was going to take over the oil fields of
Kuwait. He invaded Kuwait and took it over. As a result, he
was dislodged by an international coalition led by the United
States.
 Internal political challenges can also happen.
 There are also regional oganizations challenging state autonomy.
The United Nations intervened in Sudan because of the several years
of civil war. More recently in Europe, specifically in Greece, it also
interfered in the Greek debt crisis.
• Challenges from National/Identity Movements
It is important to know that a nation has cultural identity that
people attached to, while a state is a definite entity due to its specific
boundaries. However, different people with different identities can
live in different states.
Global movements, such as the Al-Qaeda and ISIS, are another
example of national or identity movements. In this case,they are
structured around the fundamentalist version of Islam.
• Global Economics
The third major source of challenge comes from global economics.
Global Economy demands the states to conform to the rules of free market
capitalism.
Government austerity comes from developments of organizations that
cooperate across countries, such as WTO and regional agreements, such
as NAFTA, the European Union (EU), and the Association of Southeast
Asian Nations (ASEANS).
Neoliberal economics or neoliberal capitalism started in the 1980s.
It focuses on free trade and dismantling trade barriers. It made sure that
government did not impose restictive regulations on corporate presence,
as well as on the free flow of capital and jobs.
Free trade was seen as the ideal or the normative beliefs, that is, the
best economy is one where there is free trade everywhere.
Neoliberal economics requires a state to cooperate in the global market
through the;
Free flow of capital, the privatization of services, and fiscal austerity
or constraint. In turn the government's role is diminished as it relates to the
market.
Neoliberal economics is seen as a threat, in general, because a state
cannot protect its own economic interest as a sovereign state.
A specific example to expand global economic influence is the use of
IMF and the World Bank in forcing governments reforms in poorer
country.
Aside from high debt that burdened the government.
In conclusion, economic crisis can force government to subscribe to the
terms and conditions of the global financial market aand of other nations
that can help regain economic stability.
• Global Social Movements
Most of the time, they are not seen as threat but they definitely
challenges state sovereignty. Social movements are movements of people
that are spontaneous or that emerge thought enormous grassroot
organization. These social movements as are transnational movements
which means they occur acroos countries and across borders. Therefore,
states have less control over them.
The environmental movement is another example of global social
movements related to public policy.
There is also an increased role in international organizations like the
united nations and the International Criminal Court in Hague, the role of
non-govermental organization like Doctors without borders or amnesty
international, and the role of global media.

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One of the key aspects of state sovereignty is the goverments.

It is a group of people who have the ultimate authority to act

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