Language Maintenance and Shift

LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE

AND SHIFT
Language shift
Language loss and language death
Factors contributing to language shift
Language maintenance and revival.

Presented by
Hiskia Maikel Mandang
Mellody Revika Wilson
Tresna Ayu Cahyani

Language
Shift
Language shift is shifting the one

language to another language, that
the one language is not used again.
Or Language shift is a shift or displaces
of one minority language mother
tongue to language of a wider society.
(Holmes)
The Processes of Language

Shift
1. When a certain language has shifted the
use of their mother tongue to the use of
dominant language. It happens to the
younger generation, because they are
usually interested in new things,
including language.
2. When someone have bilingual or
multilingual language. They have to shift
their first language to the dominant
language in their society.
Language Death
According to David Crystal, a
language death is like saying that a
person is dead, so language death is
when nobody speaks it anymore.
Factors contributing
language shift
1. Demographic factor
demographic factor plays the role in the
process of language shift. When there is a
community of speakers moving to a region or a
country whose language is different from
theirs, there is a tendency to shift to the new
language.
2. Attitude
It occurs where the ethnic language is not
highly valued and is not seen as a symbol of
identity
3. Economic
language shift is caused by economic reason.
Holmes says that job seekers see the importance
of learning a new language which is widely used in
business
4. Political factor
political factor imposes on language shift. In a
multilingual country, the authority usually chooses
one language as the lingua franca to unify various
kinds of ethnic groups. Consequently, the number
of ethnic language speakers decreases
LANGUAGE
MAINTENANCE
Language maintenance is the degree to which an individual or groups
continues to use their language, particulary in bilingual or
multilingual area or among imigrant group, whereas language shift is
the process by which a new language is acquired by new community
usually resulting with the loss of the communitys first language.
Language maintenance refersto the situation where speech
community continues to use its traditional language in the face of a
host of condition that might foster a shift to another language.
If language maintenance does not occur, there can be several
results. One is language death; speakers become bilingual, younger
speakers become dominant in another language, and the language is
said to die. The speakers or the community does not die, of course,
they just become a subset of speakers of another language. The end
result is language shift for the population, and if the language isn't
spoken elsewhere, it dies.
How Can A Minority Language Be

Maintained?
1)A language can be maintained and preserved, when it's highly valued
as an important symbol of ethnic identity for the minority group.
2)If families from a minority group live near each other and see each
other frequently, their interactions will help to maintain the language.
3)For emigrate individuals from a minority group, the degree and
frequency of contact with the homeland can contribute to language
maintenance.
4)Intermarriage within the same minority group is helpful to maintain the
native language.
5)Ensuring that the minority group language is used at formal settings
such as schools or worship places will increases language maintenance.
6)An extended normal family in which parents, children and grandchildren
live together and use the same minority language can help to maintain it.
7)Institutional support from domains such as education, law,
administration, religion and the media can make a difference between the
success and failure of maintaining a minority group language.
Language revival is a new field of practical

linguistics involving linguistics, governments
and(arguably most importantly) the
community in which the relevant language
is to be nurtured.Language revivalists feel
that revival is important because of the
inherent value of language diversity as well
as themoral imperative to preserve, and
consequently give new life to,languages that
are in danger of becoming dormant.

Language Maintenance and Shift

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Language Maintenance and Shift

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Language Maintenance and Shift

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE

Language shift is shifting the one

The Processes of Language

How Can A Minority Language Be

Language revival is a new field of practical

You might also like