UNIVERSITY OF CALOOCAN CITY
Biglang Awa St., Corner Catleya St., EDSA, Caloocan City
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
SUBJECT CODE: GEC 007
TOPIC OR LESSON: INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS THAT DEFINED
SOCIETY
WEEK: 1
SUB-TOPIC/S: NONE
OVERVIEW OF THE TOPIC
This lesson gives light to the development of science and scientific ideas in the hear
of society. This lesson aims to articulate the different ways by which society is
transformed by science and technology.
Are you ready? Prepare your pen and paper and be ready to explore your journey in
learning!
LEARNING
OUTCOMES
After going through this module, you are expected to:
a. Articulate ways by which society is transformed by science and technology
LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
a. discuss how the ideas postulated by Copernicus, Darwin and Freud
contributed to the spark of scientific revolution; and
b. analyze how scientific revolution is done in various parts of the world like in
Latin America, East Asia, Middle East and Africa
ENGAGE
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What is Science? Make an acrostic of the word SCIENCE that reflects your
understanding of it. Write down words, concepts, ideas that comes to your mind
when you think of the word SCIENCE.
S
C
I
E
N
C
E
EXPLORE
Research on different early civilizations and make a list of their discoveries and/or
contribution to science.
Mayans Inca Aztec India
Temples that Stone-paved Mandatory Ayurveda
serve as roads education (medicine)
observatories Irrigation Chocolates Astronomy
Mayan system Antispasmodi Mohenjodaro
hieroglyphics Calendar with c medication ruler
Concept of 12 months Chinampa Manufacturin
zero First canoe g iron steel
Production of suspension
rubber bridge
Quipu
textiles
China Middle East Countries Africa
Traditional Arabic numeral system Development
medicines Experimental medicine of geometry
Gunpowder Discovery of contagious nature Alchemy
Papermaking of infectious diseases Astronomy
Printing tools Metallurgy
Iron plough Lebombo
Wheelbarrow Bone
propeller
EXPLAIN
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As we continue the lesson, let us dig deeper into the intellectual revolution that
shaped society.
There is no individual that can exactly define when and where science began. Since
the beginning of time, science has always been interwoven with society. Human
beings have embarked in scientific endeavors in order to understand the world
around them.
Scientific revolution was the period of enlightenment when the developments in the
fields of mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry transformed the
views of society about nature. It was the golden age for people who are committed
to a scholarly life in science, but also a dark age for those who faced their deaths or
condemnation from religious institutions who do not agree with their ideas.
As a part of this lesson, three notable scientists are discussed for the ideas that
contributed to the spark of intellectual revolutions.
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543)
He is a Polish astronomer and mathematician who
proposed that the sun was stationary in the center of the
universe and the earth revolved around it. Disturbed by the
failure of Ptolemy’s geocentric model of the universe to
follow Aristotle’s requirement for the uniform circular
motion of all celestial bodies and determined to eliminate
Ptolemy’s equant, an imaginary point around which the bodies seemed to follow
that requirement, Copernicus decided that he could achieve his goal only through a
heliocentric model. At that time, the Copernican model was considered heretic, and
therefore was unacceptable to be taught to Catholics. It was banned by the Catholic
Church and was ignored by Rome for the rest of the 16 th century.
Charles Robert Darwin (February 12, 1809,
Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England—died April 19,
1882, Downe, Kent)
He is an English naturalist whose scientific theory of
evolution by natural selection became the foundation of
modern evolutionary studies. Darwin published his book
The Origin of Species in 1589 which is considered to be one
of the most important works in scientific literature. His
book presented evidence on how species evolved over time
and presented traits and adaptation that differentiate
species. He made major contributions to the fields of
evolutionary biology and philosophy of science. His controversial writings show his
courage to challenge religious and unscientific ideas that are deemed to be
prominent during those days.
Sigmund Freud (1856 – 1939)
Freud is considered to be the founding father of
psychoanalysis which, simply put, is a method for treating
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mental illness and also a theory which explains human behavior. Freud believed
that events in our childhood have a great influence on our adult lives, shaping our
personality.
Although he was born in a much later period from the scientific revolution, his
contribution can be seen in many aspects of today’s society such as art, literature,
philosophy, psychotherapy, psychology, and even politics.
ELABORA
TE
In this activity, you will be asked to review the history of science and make a
timeline highlighting the major discoveries and developments in science that
changed the world. Be creative!
RUBRIC FOR TIMELINE
5 4 3 2 COMMEN
TS
Content All details Most details Few details No details
are are accurate are accurate are
accurate and and accurate
and information information and
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information provided is provided is a informatio
provided is somewhat little n
adequate. adequate. inadequate. provided
is
inadequat
e.
Creativity The use of The use of The use of There is a
color, color, color, design little
design, and design, and and space is attempt
space is space is inappropriat to use
outstandin adequate e, the design color,
g, have an and the lacks design
original and overall creativity and space
creative design is and appropriat
design, and mostly originality, ely, the
the overall harmonious the overall design is
design is and pleasing design lacks dull and
harmonious harmonious presentati
and and the on has
pleasing presentation sloppy
is unpleasing appearan
ce
Presentati The idea The idea The idea is The idea
on was clearly was clearly not clearly is
presented presented presented. irrelevant
based on but does not to the
the follow the lesson/ins
instruction. format. truction.
EVALUAT
E
In this lesson, you have learned about the different discoveries that helped shaped
society. In that regard, you will be asked to think critically and answer the following
the questions related to the foregoing discussion:
For items 1-3: Enumerate three contributions of early civilization and discuss how it
relates to modern day society.
For item 4: From the discussion, it was pointed out that some of the scientific
discoveries were considered heretic before and scientists suffered persecution from
this. Do you think that the religious institutions should intervene with scientific
activities?
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For item 5: If given a chance, which era would you prefer to live in- early civilization,
age of intellectual revolution, present? Explain your answer.
REFERENC
ES
Desmond, A. J. Charles Darwin. Retrieved from
[Link]
Jay, M.E. Sigmund Freud. Retrieved from
[Link]
Serafica, J. J., Pawilen, G. T., Caslib, B. N., Jr., & Alata, E. P. (2018). Science,
Technology, and Society (1st ed.). Manila: Rex Book Store.
Zalta, E. N. (2004). Stanford encyclopedia of Philosophy: By the Metaphysics
research lab. In Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: By the Metaphysics Research
Lab. Stanford, CA: Standford University.
Images:
Nicolaus Copernicus. Retrieved from [Link]
nicolaus-copernicus-dies-1543/
Charles Darwin. Retrieved from [Link]
Darwin
ADDITIONAL
MATERIALS
Reading Articles
• [Link]
civilization
Prepared By:
EDMUN T. ANDRADE
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