ZEBAR SCHOOL FOR CHILDREN

Std. VIII – Science (2024-25)

Experiment 2
Ch.- 8 Force and Pressure

 Aim:
-To show that the pressure exerted by water increases with depth.

 Material Required:
- Plastic bottle with holes at different holes, water, tray.

 Procedure
- Take a plastic bottle.
- Punch three holes of same size in the same direction, but at different heights.
- Now pour water into the bottle and let it flow through the holes.
- Observe the flow of water.

 Observation:
- The water comes out from all the holes with a different force and falls at different points on the
table.
- Water from the lowest hole comes out with the greatest force and falls at a point that is at
maximum distance from the bottle.
- Water from the topmost hole comes out with the least force and falls at a point that is at
minimum distance from the bottle.

 Conclusion:
- This experiment confirms that the pressure in a liquid varies with the depth of the point of
observation in it.

Experiment 3
Ch. 6: Reproduction in Animals

 Aim:
- To study about a) Binary fission in Amoeba, b) Budding in Yeast with the help of prepared
(Permanent) slides.

 Materials Required:
- Compound microscope
- Permanent slides of Binary fission in Amoeba and Budding in Yeast.

 Procedure:
- Place the slide under a compound microscope.
- Focus the slide, first under low power and later under high power of the compound
microscope.
- Various stages of binary fission in Amoeba and Budding in Yeast can be carefully examined.

 Observation:

Binary fission in Amoeba:

• Small animals like amoeba, paramecium etc. undergo asexual reproduction by a method
called binary fission.
• The division of the nucleus takes place which is followed by splitting of cytoplasm.
• At the point of fission in Amoeba, a constriction (when muscles tighten at a point) starts to
develop.
• The constriction turns deeper resulting in the formation of two daughter cells.

Budding in Yeast:
• A tiny outgrowth (bud) is observed on the parent cell of yeast.
• Division of the nucleus and cytoplasm are observed.
• In some Yeast cells, repetitive budding leads to the formation of a chain of yeast cells.

 Conclusion:
- The prepared slides display asexual reproduction in Amoeba and Yeast.

Experiment 4
Chapter 9 Friction

 Aim:
- To show that rolling friction is smaller than the sliding friction.

 Materials required:
- A thick book, cylindrical pencils (3-4)

 Procedure:
- Place the book on the table and push it to slide. Observe the force required to push it. - Place
three or four cylindrical pencils on the table parallel to each other. These pencils are acting as
rollers below the book.
- Now place the book over these pencils as shown in the figure.
- Push the book by ticking it.
- Observe the force required to push the book.

 Observation:
- The book moves easily when placed on pencils (rollers)

 Conclusion:
- Rolling friction is smaller than the sliding friction. As the area of contact is less in the case of
rolling than in the case of sliding.

 Diagram:

Experiment 5
Ch.11: Chemical Effects of Electric Current

 Aim:
- To study the chemical effects of electric current (electrolysis).

 Material required:
- Battery, electric wires, two discarded cells, water, plastic container, salt, two test tubes.

 Method:
- Take out carbon rods carefully from two discarded cells.
- Clean their metal caps with sandpaper.
- Wrap copper wires around the metal caps of the carbon rods and join them to a battery.
- Pour a cupful of water in a glass/plastic bowl.
- Add a teaspoonful of salt to water to make it more conducting.
- Now immerse the carbon rods in this solution.
- Make sure that the metal caps of the carbon rods are outside the water.
- Wait for 3-4 minutes.
- Observe the carbon rods carefully.

 Observation:
- Gas bubbles are seen at the carbon rods.
- The gas released at the carbon rod connected to the negative terminal of the battery is twice in
volume as compared to the gas released at the carbon rod connected to the positive terminal.

 Inference:
- The gas released at the carbon rod connected to the negative terminal is H2 gas, as it catches
fire with a loud pop-up sound.
- The gas released at the carbon rod connected to the positive terminal is O2 gas, as the flame
of the matchstick starts burning vigorously.
- Electric current causes a chemical change (decomposition) in water.

Experiment 6
Ch. -12 Some Natural Phenomenon

 Aim:
- To study the working of an Electroscope

 Material Required:
- Electroscope, refill, polythene

 Procedure:
- Place the electroscope on a stable surface.
- Ensure that the metal strips are hanging freely without touching the sides.
- Rub the refill with the polythene to charge it.

 Steps
- Touch the charged refill to the wire or the coil of the electroscope.
- Touch the coil with hand.

 Observation
- Metal strips can be seen moving away from each other.
- Metal strips / leaves collapse and regain their original position.

 Conclusion
- Both the metal strips gain the same charge (Irrespective of the type of the charge positive or
negative) and start repelling.
- The metal strips lose charge to the earth through our body (Earthing).
Experiment 7
Chapter - 13 Light

 Aim:
- To verify the laws of reflection.
 Angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection.
 The incident ray, the normal at the point of incidence and the reflected ray, all lie in the same
plane.
 Materials required:
- A drawing board, drawing pins, common pins, a plane mirror, a wooden block, a sheet of white
paper, a pencil, a scale and a protractor.

 Observation - 1:

Sr.No. Angle of incidence (∠𝑖 Angle of reflection (∠𝑟

1. 30° 30°
2. 45° 45°
3. 60° 60°

 Conclusion - 1:
- It is observed that the angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection. This is
known as the first law of reflection.
 Observation - 2:
- If we cut the projecting portion of the sheet in the middle (along the normal) with the pair of
scissors, the reflected ray extends to the projected portion of the paper.
- If we bend that part of the projected portion on which the reflected ray falls, this time the
reflected ray will not fall on the folded part.
- (When the whole sheet of paper is spread on a table, it represents one plane. When we bend
the paper, we create a different plane.)

 Conclusion - 2:
- This proves that the incident ray, the normal at the point of incidence and the reflected ray, all
lie in the same plane. This is known as the second law of reflection.