ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR: HISTORICAL CONTEXT
START-UP ACTIVITY LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT DISCUSSION Q&A POST-ACTIVITY
TOPIC PRESENTATION
ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY MENTAL DISORDERS PREVENTION
DSM-5 INTERVENTION
START-UP ACTIVITY
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ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY MENTAL DISORDERS PREVENTION
DSM-5 INTERVENTION
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
I. Discuss the nature of an Abnormal Behavior.
II. Explain the historical background
of an abnormal behavior.
III. Distinguish the different advances in terms of
understanding the abnormality of behavior.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Who of the following does not support the humane and
improved treatment of mentally ill persons?
a. Psychiatrists
b. Philippe Pinel
c. Dorothea Dix
d. Medieval priests
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
2. The process of closing large asylums and providing
for people to stay in the community to be treated locally
is known as ______.
a. deactivation.
b. deinstitutionalization.
c. exorcism.
d. decentralization.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
People with psychological disorders have been treated
poorly throughout history. Describe some efforts to
improve treatment.
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY MENTAL DISORDERS PREVENTION
THERAPY INTERVENTION
CONTENT DISCUSSION
Abnormal Psychology: An Overview
Historical and Contemporary Views of Abnormal Behavior
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What is a Psychological Disorder?
PSYCHOLOGICAL
DISORDER
1. PSYCHOLOGICAL DYSFUNCTION
Breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or
behavioral functioning
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER
2. PERSONAL DISTRESS
Difficulty performing appropriate and expected roles
Impairment is set in the context of a person’s
background
PSYCHOLOGICAL
DISORDER
3. ATYPICAL OR NOT CULTURALLY EXPECTED
RESPONSE
Reaction is outside cultural norms
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER
A Psychological Dysfunction associated With Distress or
Impairment in Functioning that is not a Typical or
Culturally Expected Response
4Ds of Abnormality
1. Deviance
2. Distress
3. Dysfunction
4. Danger
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4DS OF ABNORMALITY
DEVIANCE
DISTRESS
DYSFUNCTION
DANGER
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ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5)
Psychopathology
Scientific study of Psychological Disorders
“A mental disorder is a syndrome characterized by clinically
significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotional
regulation or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the
psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying
mental functioning. Mental disorders are usually associated with
significant distress or disability in social, occupational, or other
important activities. An expectable or culturally appropriate
response to a common stress or loss, such as death of a loved one,
is not a mental disorder. Socially deviant behavior (e.g., political,
religious, or sexual) and conflicts that are primarily between
individuals and society are not mental disorders unless the
deviance or conflict results from a dysfunction in the individual, as
described above.”
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THREE MAJOR CATEGORIES MAKE UP THE STUDY AND
DISCUSSION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
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CLINICAL DESCRIPTION
BEGINS WITH PRESENTING PROBLEM
INCIDENCE VS PREVALENCE
DESCRIBE ONSET OF DISORDERS
(Acute vs Insidious)
COURSE OF DISORDERS
(Chronic vs Episodic vs Time-limited)
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CAUSATION, TREATMENT AND ETIOLOGY
What factors contribute to the development of Psychopathology?
How can we best improve the lives of people suffering from
psychopathology?
How do we know that we have alleviated psychological
suffering?
Prognosis
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HISTORICAL CONCEPTIONS OF
ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR
Three Dominant Traditions
•Supernatural, Biological, and
Psychological
SUPERNATURAL TRADITION
Deviant Behavior as a Battle of “Good” vs. Evil
• Demonic possession, witchcraft,
sorcery
• Treatments included exorcism,
torture, beatings, and crude
surgeries
• Shaving the head
• Pit full of poisonous snakes
• Ice-cold water
• Trephination
SUPERNATURAL TRADITION
The Moon
and the Stars
• Paracelsus and
Lunacy
THE BIOLOGICAL TRADITION
Hippocrates: Father of Modern Western
Medicine
• Abnormal Behavior as a Physical Disease
• Hysteria “The Wandering Uterus”
Galen extends Hippocrates Work
• Four Bodily Fluids or humors: blood, black bile, yellow
bile and phlegm
• Blood came from the heart, black bile from the spleen,
phlegm from the brain, and choler or yellow bile from the
liver
• Treatment: Crude
THE BIOLOGICAL TRADITION
Galenic-
Hippocratic
Tradition
• Foreshadowed modern
views linking
abnormality with brain
chemical imbalances
THE 19TH CENTURY
General Paresis (Syphilis) and the Biological Link
• Associated with several unusual psychological and
behavioral symptoms
• Pasteur discovered the cause – A bacterial microorganism
• Led to penicillin as a successful treatment
• Bolstered the view that mental illness = physical illness and
should be treated as such
THE 19TH CENTURY
John Grey and the
Reformers
• Insanity – physical
• Electric Shock and Brain
Surgery
• Neuroleptics; Benzodiazepines
CONSEQUENCES OF THE BIOLOGICAL TRADITION
Mental Illness =
Physical Illness, such
as “nerves” or
“chemical imbalance”
Emil Kraepelin –
Father of Modern
Psychiatry
Manic depression and
dementia praecox
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL TRADITION
The Rise of Moral Therapy
Involved more humane
treatment of
institutionalized
patients
Encourage and
reinforced social
interaction
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL TRADITION
Proponents of Moral Therapy
• Dorothea Dix – Mental Hygiene Movement
• Philippe Pinel and Jean-Baptiste Pussin - chain
• William Tuke followed Pinel’s lead in England
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL TRADITION
Emergence of
Reasons for the Falling
Competing Alternative
Out of Moral Therapy
Psychological Models
• 200 or fewer • Staff
• Civil War • Brain
Pathology
ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY MENTAL DISORDERS PREVENTION
DSM-5 INTERVENTION
Question & Answer
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ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY MENTAL DISORDERS PREVENTION
DSM-5 INTERVENTION
Post Activity
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