Mathematics 10

Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 10
Proving Theorems on Angles
Formed by Intersecting
Tangents of a Circle
Mathematics – Grade 10
Quarter 2 – Self-Learning Module 10: Proving Theorems on Angles Formed by
Intersecting Tangents of a Circle
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Dennis B. Cutamora
Editor: Elizabeth R. Esguerra, Cristina DC. Prado
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Layout Artist: Clifchard D. Valente

Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin

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Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
Mathematics 10
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 10
Proving Theorems on Angles Formed by
Intersecting Tangents
of a Circle
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 10 Self-Learning Module on Proving

Theorems on Angles Formed by Intersecting Tangents and Intersecting a Tangent
and a Secant of a Circle!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the self-learning module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this self-
learning module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the self-learning module.
For the Learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 10 Self-Learning Module on Proving

Theorems on Angles Formed by Intersecting Tangents and Intersecting a Tangent
and a Secant of a Circle!

This self-learning module was designed to provide you with fun and
meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being
an active learner.

This self-learning module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
EXPECTATIONS
1. Prove theorems on two tangents intersecting of a circle.
2. Prove theorems on a tangent and a secant intersecting of a circle.
3. Find measures of angles formed by intersecting tangents and intersecting
a tangent and a secant of a circle.

PRETEST

Direction: Read each question carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.

1. In the figure on the right, AB and CB are two

tangents intersecting outside the circle P at point
B . AJC and AC are the two intercepted arcs of
ABC . What is the m ABC ?
A. m ABC =
1
2
(
m AC − m AJC ) C. m ABC =
1
2
(
m AC + m AJC )
1
(
B. m ABC = m AJC − m AC
2
) 1
(
D. m ABC = m AJC + m AC
2
)
2. Suppose mAJC = 216 in figure number 1, what is the measure of ABC ?
A. 36 B. 40 C. 46 D. 56

3. In the figure on the right, BF is a secant and DC

is a tangent intersecting outside the circle at point
C. BED and DF are the two intercepted arcs of
BCD . What is the m C ?

A. m C =
1
2
(
mDF + mBED ) C. m C =
1
2
(
mBED − mDF )
1
(
B. m C = mBF + mDF
2
) 1
(
D. m C = mBF − mDF
2
)
4. Suppose m BED = 170 and m DF = 80 in figure number 3, what is the
m BCD ?
A. 43 C. 45
B. 44 D. 46

5. Refer to the figure on the right, if mAHC = 200 ,

what is the m ADC ?
A. 90 C. 97
B. 95 D. 100
RECAP
A. Let us recall by connecting the dots to the appropriate term for each figure
below.

Common Tangent

Common Internal Tangent

Common External Tangent

Internally Tangent Circles

Externally Tangent Circles

B. Recall and study the following examples:

1. In the figure, AC = 8, AB = 17, and BC = 15. Show that BC is tangent to
circle A.

Solution:
BC is tangent to circle A if it is perpendicular to
AB at point S . Using the concepts of right triangle
we have AB2 must be equal AC 2 + BC 2

AB2 = AC 2 + BC 2
172 = 82 + 152
289 = 64 + 225
289 = 289

Since AB2 = AC 2 + BC 2 , by the Converse of Pythagorean Theorem, ACB is

a right triangle with AC ⊥ BC . Therefore, BC is tangent to circle A.

2. In the given figure, determine if LM is a tangent to circle P at A.

a) PA = 12 , AM = 9 and PM = 15
b) PA = 6 , AL = 4 and PL = 8
Solutions:
a) If LM is a tangent to circle P at A then LM ⊥ PA ,
hence, the converse of Pythagorean Theorem
can be applied.
( PM ) = ( PA) + ( AM )
2 2 2

(15) = (12) + ( 9)
2 2 2

225 = 144 + 81
225 = 225 Thus, LM is tangent to P at A .

b) Using the same principle, we have

( PL ) = ( AL ) + ( PA)
2 2 2

( 8) = ( 4 ) + ( 6 )
2 2 2

64 = 16 + 36
64  52 So, in this case, LM is not tangent to P.

LESSON

In this self-learning module, we are going to prove theorems on angles formed

by intersecting tangents of a circle and intersecting tangent-secant of a circle.

Theorem: Angle Formed by Two Tangents. If two tangents intersect in the exterior
of a circle, then the measure of the angle formed is one-half the positive difference of
the measures of the intercepted arcs.

Given: KP and MP are tangents to circle O at P .

1
Prove: m P = mKSM − mKM
2
( )
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. Draw KM 1. Line Postulate
2. In PKM , 1 is an exterior angle 2. Definition of exterior angle
3. m 1 = m 2 + m P 3. Exterior Angle Theorem
4. m P = m 1 − m 2 4. Subtraction Property of Equality
1 1
5. m 1 = mKSM ; m 2 = mKM 5. The measure of an angle formed
2 2 by tangents is one-half of the
difference of its intercepted arcs.
6. m P =
1 1 6. Substitution
mKSM − mKM
2 2
1
7. m P = mKSM − mKM
2
( ) 7. Factoring
Example 1: Find the m  P if mKM = 168 .
1
( )
Solution: Since m P = mKSM − mKM then we have to find first the measure of
2
the major arc KSM . To find it, use the measure of the whole circle 360.
mKSM = 360 − mKM
mKSM = 360 − 168
mKSM = 192

Then, use the theorem to find m  P .

1
(
m P = mKSM − mKM
2
) Use the formula.

1
m P = (192 − 168 ) By substitution.
2
1
m P = ( 24 ) Simplify.
2
m P = 12

Theorem: Angle Formed by a Tangent and a Secant.

a) If a secant and a tangent intersect in the exterior of a circle, then measure of the
angle formed is one-half the positive difference of the measures of the intercepted
arcs.

In the figure on the right, DC is a tangent and BC

is a secant intersecting outside the circle at point C.
DEB and DF are the two intercepted arcs of DCB .

Therefore, mDCB =
1
2
(
mDEB − mDF )

Example 2: If mDEB = 186 and mDF = 70, then find mDCB.

1
mDCB = (186 − 70 ) By substitution.
2
1
mDCB = (116 ) Simplify.
2
mDCB = 58
Hence, the measure of angle DCB is 58O.

b) If a tangent and a secant intersect at the point of tangency, then the measure of
each angle formed is one-half the measure of its intercepted arc.
In the figure on the right, MP is a secant and NS is
a tangent intersecting at P, the point of tangency.
MP is the intercepted arc of MPN while
MTP is the intercepted arc of MPS
1 1
Hence, mMPN = mMP and mMPS = mMTP
2 2

Example 3: If mMP = 170 , find mMPN .

Solution:
1
mMPN = mMP Applying the theorem.
2
1
mMPN = (170 ) By substitution.
2
mMPN = 85 Simplify.

Thus, the measure of angle MPN is 85.

Example 4: If mMTP = 190 , find mMPS .

Solution:
1
mMPS = mMTP Applying the theorem.
2
1
mMPS = (190 ) By substitution.
2
mMPS = 95 Simplify.

Thus, the measure of MPS is 950.

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!

Directions: Answer the following. Write your solutions on a separate sheet of paper.
1. In the figure on the right,
a. If mHM = 150 , find the measure of O .
b. if mHEM = 244 and find mHOM .

2. Given the figure on the right,

a. If mPSA = 210 , find m1 .
b. If m1 = 105 , find mPTA .

3. Refer to the circle on the right,

a. if mBDN = 164 and mRN = 78 , find m RAN .
b. if mBR = 100 and mRN = 86 , find m A .
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!
In each of the given figure, find the measure of the unknown angle (x).
1. 4.

Answer: ________ Answer: ________

2. 5.

Answer: ________ Answer: ________

3.

Answer: ________

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!

Refer to the figure on the right,

Given: AB and CB are tangents to O at A and C,

respectively, and intersect at the exterior point B.

Prove: m ABC =
1
2
(m APC − m AC )
Proof: (Supply the missing Statements/Reasons)

Statements Reasons
1. _________________________ 1. Given
2. Draw chord ________________ 2. Line Postulate
3. In ABC , ________________________ 3. Definition of exterior angle
4. m 1 = m 2 + m B 4. ___________________________
5. mB = _____________ 5. Subtraction Property of Equality
1 1
6. m 1 = m APC ; m 2 = m AC
2 2 6. _____________________________
1 1
7. m B = m APC − m AC
2 2 7. ____________________________
8. mB = _____________ 8. Common Monomial Factor
WRAP-UP

Illustrate your own examples on how will you find the measure of an angle formed by
the following.
1) Two tangents intersecting in the exterior of a circle.
2) A tangent and a secant intersecting on the circle.
3) A tangent and a secant intersecting outside the circle.

VALUING
REFLECTION: (Journal Writing)

There are many examples of the application of tangent in our daily life that
can be seen in the architecture around us. These can be a building, statue, bridges,
monuments, etc. Remember that tangent touches the circle at exactly one point.
As a student, how will you use the concept of tangent to be free from Corona
Virus Disease (COVID-19)? Please share your thoughts and write these in your
notebook.
POSTTEST

Direction: Read each question carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.

1. In the figure on the right, AB and CB are two

tangents intersecting outside the circle O at point
B . APC and AC are the two intercepted arcs of
ABC . What formula shall we use to find the m ABC ?

A.
1
m ABC =
2
(
m AC + m APC ) C. m ABC =
1
2
(
m AC − m APC )
1
(
B. m ABC = m APC + m AC
2
) 1
(
D. m ABC = m APC − m AC
2
)
2. Suppose mAPC = 212 in figure number 1, what is the measure of ABC ?
A. 32 C. 36
B. 34 D. 38

3. In the figure on the right, BR is a secant and NA is a

tangent intersecting outside the circle at point A.
BDN and RN are the two intercepted arcs of
BAN . What formula shall we use to find the m A ?

A.
1
m A =
2
(
mBDN + mRN ) C. m A =
1
2
(
mBDN − mRN )
1
(
B. m A = mBDN + mBR
2
) 1
(
D. m A = mBDN − mBR
2
)
4. Suppose m BDN = 188 and m RN = 72 in figure number 3, what is the
m RAN ?
A. 48 C. 68
B. 58 D. 78

5. If MS passes through the center of the circle, as

shown in the figure on the right, what conclusion
can you draw?
A. mMPS  mMTS C. m 1  m 2
B. m MSU  m MSE D. All of the above
KEY TO CORRECTION
5. D 4. C 3. C 2. A 1. B

b) 44 PRETEST
3. a) 43
b) 150 2. a) 105
b) 64 1. a) 30
ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!

5. 102.5 4. 75 3. 46 2. 60 1. 35
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!

8.
7. Substitution Property
of its intercepted arcs.
6. The measure of an angle formed by tangents is one-half of the difference
5.
4. Exterior Angle Theorem
3. is the exterior angle
2.
at A and C. are tangents to and 1.

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!

5. D 4. B 3. C 2. A 1. D

POSTTEST

References
BOOKS:

Callanta, Melvin M., et al. Mathematics Grade 10 Learner’s Material. First Edition.
Pasig City: Department of Education, 2015.
Oronce, Orlando A. and Marilyn O. Mendoza. E-Math 10. Revised Edition. Manila:
Rex Book Store Inc., 2015.

ONLINE RESOURCES:

Circles and Tangents. [Link]. (accessed June 28, 2020).

Proving Theorems on Angles Formed by Secants Intersecting of a Circle. Module 2.
Circle. [Link] June 28, 2020).
Theorems about Circles. [Link]. (accessed June 28, 2020).
Theorems and formula to calculate length of tangent and secant.
[Link] .com. (accessed July 2, 2020).