10

Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 7:
Illustrates the Center-Radius Form
of the Equation of the Circle

Determines the Center and Radius

of a Circle given its Equation
and Vice Versa.
(M10GE-IIh-2)
Mathematics – Grade 10
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 2 – Module 7: Illustrates the Center-Radius Form of the Equation of the Circle
and determines the center and radius of a circle given its equation
and vice versa.
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Jeffer-son A. Cauilan, Ph.D/Bainalyn G. Abas
Editors: (Language/Social Content): Rachelle T. Amando, PhD/George S. Hofer
Reviewers: Nora B. Mendoza / Maureen Socorro N. Muñasque/
Illustrator: Geunicar A. Perez, MAELT
Layout Artist: Geunicar A. Perez, MAELT
Cover Art Designer: Ian Caesar E. Frondoza
Management Team: Allan G. Farnazo, CESO IV – Regional Director
Fiel Y. Almendra, CESO V – Assistant Regional Director
Concepcion F. Balawag, CESO V - Schools Division Superintendent
Edgar S. Sumapal - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD
Arturo D. Tingson Jr. – REPS, LRMS
Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM
Jade T. Palomar - REPS, Mathematics
Pancho G. Balawag, Ed. D - CID Chief
Engr. Reynaldo SE Villan - EPS In Charge of LRMS
Vivencio O. Aniñon, Ed.D - Division ADM Coordinator
Engr. Reynaldo SE Villan – EPS, Math

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN Region

Office Address: Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal
Telefax: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893
E-mail Address: [email protected]
10

Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 7:
Illustrating the Center-Radius Form
of the Equation of the Circle

Determines the Center and Radius

of a Circle given its Equation and
Vice Versa.
(M10GE-IIh-2)
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the (Mathematics 10 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Illustrating the

center-Radius Form of the Equation of the Circle and determining the Center and Radius
of a Circle given its Equation and Vice Versa!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators
both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

2
For the learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics 10 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Illustrating the center-

Radius Form of the Equation of the Circle and determining the Center and Radius of a
Circle given its Equation and Vice Versa! The hand is one of the most symbolized part
of the human body. It is often used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our
hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning
resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully
achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your
academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

3
What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

4
What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the concepts and skills in determining the center and radius of a circle.

The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning

situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students.
The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order
in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now
using.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Definition of the Center-Radius Form of the equation of the circle
 Lesson 2 – Determining the Equation of the Circle given the center and radius
 Lesson 3 – Transforming General Form of the equation of the circle into
Standard Form
 Lesson 4 - Determining the center and radius of a circle given its equation
 Lesson 5 - Identifying the equation of a circle given its center and radius

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Define center-radius of the equation of the circle,
2. Write the equation of the circle of the given the center and radius,
3. Determine the center and radius of the given equation of the circle,
4. Transform the general equation of the circle into its standard form,
5. Determine the center and radius of a circle given its equation; and
6. Identify the equation of a circle given its center and radius.

5
What I Know

Let us check your background knowledge about circles by answering the

questions below. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. What do we call a figure which is a collection of points equidistant from a
fixed point called its center?
A. rectangle B. triangle C. circle D. square
2. Which of the following referred to as the distance from the center to any
point in the circle?
A. radius B. diameter C. arc D. semicircle
3. What is the third term for the trinomial x2+4x+___ to make it a perfect
square trinomial?
A. 16 B. 4 C. 8 D. 10
4. What is the center of the circle with the equation x2+y2=r2 ?
A. (0,1) B. (1,0) C. (0,0) D. (1,1)
5. What is the center of the circle with the equation (x-h)2+(y-k)2=r2 ?
A. (h,k) B. (x,y) C. (0,0) D. (1,1)
6. What is the center of the equation of the circle (x-5)2+(y+2)2=49?
A. (5,2) B. (2,5) C. (5,-2) D. (-5,2)
7. What is the radius of the equation (x+3)2+(y-7)2=25?
A. 3 B. 7 C. 5 D. 25
8. What is the equation of the circle given 5 as the radius and (4,-3) as the
center?
A. (x-4)2+(y+3)2=5 B. (x-4)2+(y+3)2=25 C. (x+4)2+(y-3)2=25 D. (x+4)2+(y-3)2=5
9. Which of the following is the equation of the circle x 2 + y2 -6x -10y +18 = 0 in
center-radius form?
A. (x-3)2+(y-5)2=42 B. (x+3)2+(y-5)2=42 C.(x+3)2+(y-5)2=42 D.(x+3)2+(y+5)2=42
10. What is the equation of the circle with center at the origin and a radius of 5
units?

A. x2 + y2= 25 B. x2 + y2= 5 C. x2 - y2= 25 D. x2 - y2= 5

11. Which of the following is the set of all points in the plane equidistant to a
fixed point?
A. circle B. Line C. plane D. radius

6
12. What is the center of a circle given the equation (x-4)2 + (y+7)2 =9?
A. (-4,7) B. (-7, 4) C. (4,-7) D. (7,-4)

13. Which of the following determines the center of the circle given the
equation x2 + y2 -6x -2y =15.
A. (2,1) B. (2,6) C. (3,0) D. (3,1)

14. What is the radius of a circle given the equation (x -2)2 + (y-4)2 = 25?
A. -25 B. -5 C. 5 D. 25

15. Which is the equation of the circle in standard form?

A. (x-h)2+(y-k)2-r2=0 C. (x + h)2 + (y + k)2 –r3=0
B. (x-h) +(y-k) =r
2 2 2 D. (x + h)2+ (y + k)2 = r3

16. Which of the given choices is the radius of the circle x2 + y2 = 64?
A. 64 B. 32 C. 16 D. 8

17. Which is the general form of the equation of a circle with center (0,0) and
radius of 7?
A. x2 +y2 – 49=0 C. x2 +y2 = 49
B. x +y = – 49
2 2 D. x2 +y2 + 49=0

18. Which of the following equation has a center (1,1) and radius of 4?
A. x2+y2-2x-2y=16 C. x2+y2 -12x -12y =14
B. x +y -2x-2y=14
2 2 D. x2+y2 +2x+2y =64

19. What is the center and radius of a circle given 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 − 6𝑦 − 82 = 0?

A. C(0,0), r=5 B. C(1,1), r=6 C. C(2,2), r=9 D. C(3,3), r=10

20. Which of the following is a point on the circle having (0,0) as the center
and a radius of 3 units?
A. (0,-3) B. (0,-4) C. (0,0) D. (5,4)

Give the radius and center for each of the following equation of the circle.

21. x2 + y2= 81 center: radius:

22. (x-8)2+(y-7)2=16 center: radius:

23. (x+4)2+(y-3)2=36 center: radius:

Transform the following equation into its center-radius form.

24. x2 + y2 -2x -8y +-47 = 0 ____________________________

25. x2 + y2 +8y -84 = 0 ____________________________

Wow! You did it. You’re now ready for the next set of activities.

7
Illustrating the Center-
Lesson radius Form of the Circle
7 and Determining the Center
and Radius of a Circle given
its Equation and vice versa

What’s In

In your previous lessons, you have learned about the distance formula to
prove some geometric properties. Let’s see what you have learned so far.
Do the following and answer the question that follows.
On the coordinate plane below, use a compass to draw a circle with center at
the origin and which passes through A(8,0).

Answer the following questions.

1. How far is point A from the center of the circle? ________________________
2. Does the circle pass through (0,8)? How about through (-8,0)? (0, -8)?
Explain your answer. ___________________________________________________
3. Were you able to draw the figure? What did you observe?

8
The standard form of the equation of the circle with the center at (h,k) and a
radius r units is (x-h)2+ (y-k)2 = r2. The values of h and k indicate that the circle is
translated h units horizontally and k units vertically form the origin.

If the center of the circle is at the origin, the equation of the circle is x2+y2 =r2

Example;

a. The equation of the circle with center at (2,7) and a radius of 6 units is (x-2)2+
(y-7)2 = 62 or (x-2)2+ (y-7)2 = 36
b. The equation of the circle with the center at the origin and a radius of 4 units
is x2+y2 = 4 or x2+y2 = 16.

A circle is the set of all points in the plane equidistant to a fixed point. That
distance is called the radius (r) of the circle, and that fixed point is called the center
(C) of the circle. Consider the circle in a coordinate plane that has a center C(h,k)
and has a radius r.

Figure 1 Figure 2

9
In figure 1, the center C(h,k) is the origin and the radius is r the equation of
the circle is 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 .
Example 1 : Given the center as point (0,0) and radius 9.
Let r = 9

The equation of the circle is 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟗𝟐 .

Standard equation of a circle: 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟗𝟐 .

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟖𝟏.

General equation of a circle: 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟖𝟏 = 𝟎.

In figure 2, the center C(h,k) is any point on the Cartesian plane and with
radius r the equation of the circle is (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 .
Example 2: Given the center as point (1,2) and radius 7.
Let h=1, k=2 and r=7.
Substitute the given values to the equation of the circle.

The equation of the circle is (𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟕𝟐 .

Standard equation of a circle: (𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟕𝟐

(𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟒𝟗

General equation of a circle: (𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟕𝟐

𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟒𝟗

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟒𝟒 = 𝟎

Questions:
1. What is the difference between figure 1 and figure 2?
2. What would happen if you use the formula

(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 to determine the equation of a circle with center

(0,0) and radius 12? Can you arrive with the correct answer?

You are done with this step. Get ready for the next journey ahead!

10
What’s New

To start with our new lesson let us try to do a simple activity. Solve the
equations that follow and write your answer on a separate sheet.

Activity 1: Let’s Travel

An air traffic controller (the person who tells the pilot where a plane needs to go
using coordinates in a grid) reported that the airport is experiencing air traffic due
to the big number of flights that are scheduled to arrive. He advised the pilot of
one of the airplanes to move around the airport and for the meantime to give way
to the other planes to land first. The air traffic controller further told the pilot to
maintain its present altitude or height from the ground and its horizontal distance
from the origin, point (0,0).

1. Suppose the plane is located at a point whose coordinates are (30,40)

and each unit on the air traffic controller’s grid is equivalent to 1 km.
How far is the plane from the air traffic controller? Explain your answer.

_____________________________________________________________________
2. What would be the y-coordinate of the position of the plane at a
particular instance if its x-coordinates is 5? 10? 15? -20? -30? Explain
your answer.

11
3. Suppose that the pilot strictly follows the advice of the air traffic
controller. Is it possible for the plane to be at a point whose x-coordinate
is 60?

______________________________________________________________________________

4. How would you describe the path of the plane as it goes around the
airport? What equation do you think would define this path?

______________________________________________________________________________

Activity 2. Find Me
Determine the center and the radius of the circle that is defined by each of the following
equations.

1. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟗 = 𝟎.
A. C(0,0);r=7 B. C(0,1);r=8 C. C(1,0);r=9 D. C(10,10);r=10

2. (𝒙 − 𝟓)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟔)𝟐 = 𝟖𝟏
A. C(6,5);r=7 B. C(0,5);r=8 C. C(6,0);r=8 D. C(5,6);r=9

3. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎.
A. C(0,0);r=8 B. C(0,0);r=10 C. C(1,0);r=9 D. C(10,10);r=10

4. (𝒙 + 𝟕)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟒𝟗
A. C(6,2);r=5 B. C(-7,-5);r=7 C. C(-7,-1);r=7 D. C(7,1);r=7

5. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 − 𝟑𝟗 = 𝟎
A. C(-6,-82);r=5 B. C(-7,-5);r=7 C. C(-4,3);r=8 D. C(8,6);r=9

6. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔
A. C(0,-8);r=1 B. C(0,0);r=4 C. C(-4,0);r=8 D. C(8,0);r=9

7. (𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟔𝟒
A. C(2,-1);r=8 B. C(2,1);r=8 C. C(-4,5);r=8 D. C(8,0);r=64

8. 𝒙𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟑)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏
A. C(2,-1);r=11 B. C(3,1);r=11 C. C(0,-3);r=11 D. C(0,3);r=11

9. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟒 = 𝟎
A. C(-1,2);r=3 B. C(1,2);r=3 C. C(2,-1);r=3 D. C(1,3);r=3

10. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 − 𝟗. 𝟖𝟏 = 𝟎
A. C(-1,2.3);r=1.1 B. C(1.3,2);r=1.1 C. C(2,-1.4);r=1.2 D. C(3,1.5);r=1.2

Wow! You are great! Now let us continue to the next page.

12
What is It
Below are important terms, formulas and symbols that are essential in learning the
center-radius form of the equation of the circle.

The center and the radius of a circle can be found given the equation. To do

this, transform the given equation to its standard form (x-h)2+(y-k)2 = r2 if the center of

the circle is (h,k), or x2+y2=r2 if the center of the circle is the origin. Once the radius

and the center of the circle are found, its graph can be shown in the coordinate plane?

Example 1: What is the center-radius equation of the circle with a diameter of

12 and a center at (-2, 5)

Step 1: Identify the center coordinates and Center: (-2, 5) Given

the radius.

The center coordinates are given in the Radius= diameter 2

problem. The radius must be determined from
the diameter, which is 2 times the radius or
r= d/2 . r= 12/2 →r=6

Step 2: Substitute the center coordinates and ( x−h )2 + ( y−k )2 = r2

radius into the center-radius form. Original

Be careful to include negative signs when [ x−( −2 ) ]2 + ( y−5 )2 = 62

substituting the center coordinates. Sub.

( x+2 )2 + ( y−5 )2 =36

Simplify

Example 2: Circle G has a radius of 8 and center at the origin. What is the
positive x-coordinate of the point on the circle with a y-coordinate of -3?

Center: (0, 0) Given

Radius = 8 Given
Step 1: Write the center-radius
equation for the circle. ( x−h )2 + ( y−k )2 = r2 Original
( x−0 )2 + ( y−0 )2 = 82 Sub.
X2 + y2 =64 Simplify

Step 2: Determine the x-coordinate X2 + y2 =64 Original

associated with a y-coordinate of -3. X2 + ( −3 )2 =64 Sub.
X2 +9=64 Square
X2=55 Subtract
Substitute -3 in for y and solve for x. x= 55 ≈7.4 Square Root

13
● Find the center and radius of the circle having the following equation:
4x2 + 4y2 – 16x – 24y + 51 = 0.

Here is the equation they've given you.

Move the loose number over to the other
side.
Group the x-stuff together. Group the y-
stuff together.
Whatever is multiplied on the squared
terms (it'll always be the same number),
divide it off from every term.

This is the complicated step. You'll need

space inside your groupings, because this
is where you'll add the squaring term.
Take the x-term coefficient, multiply it by
one-half, square it, and then add this to
both sides of the equation, as shown. Do
the same with the y-term
coefficient. Convert the left side to
squared form, and simplify the right side.

Read off the answer from the rearranged The center is at (h, k) = (x, y) = (2, 3).
equation. The radius is r = square root of (1/4) = ½
Did you understand every part? This is now time for you to add more to your
learnings.

You need the concept of factoring perfect square trinomials. A perfect square
trinomial is created by multiplying a binomial to itself. Remember that two of the
terms are perfect squares. You can factor it by completing the square
Finding the Center and the Radius of a Circle Given the Equation
The center and the radius of a circle can be found given the equation. To do
this, you need to transform the given equation to its standard form

(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 where (h,k) is the center of the circle and r is the
radius.

Now if the center of the circle is the origin, its standard form is 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐
where (h,k) is (0,0) and r is the radius.

Example 1: Find the center and the radius of the circle 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟔𝟒

Solution: The equation of the circle 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟔𝟒 has its center at the origin.
Hence, it can be transformed to the form to the form 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 .

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟔𝟒 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟖𝟐
The center is (0,0) and its radius is 8 units.

14
Example 2: Determine the center and radius of the circle

(𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟒)𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓.

Solution: The equation of the circle (𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟒)𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓 can be written in
the form (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 .

(𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟒)𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓 (𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟒)𝟐 = 𝟓𝟐

The center is (2,4) and its radius is 5 units.

Example 3: Find the center and radius of the circle 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 = 𝟑.

Solution: The equation 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 = 𝟑 is in standard form can be written

in the form (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 .

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 = 𝟑 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒚 = 𝟑.
Now, observe that the equation needs to be factored by completing the
square. Let’s start with 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 to make it a perfect square trinomial, you need
to add a perfect square number for the last term.

𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + ____ 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒
The last term is the square of the quotient between twice the square root of the first
term. Remember that -4x is the middle term and the first term is x2. The square
root of x2 is x. Now, multiply x by 2 you’ll have 2x. Use this 2x as a divisor for -4x.
You’ll have a quotient -2. Get the absolute value of -2 and square it. This will be the
last term.

Let’s do the same process to 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒚.

𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒚 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒚 + ____ 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟑𝟐 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟗

Now let us go back to our original equation 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 = 𝟑.

Using completing the square, 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒚 = 𝟑 ,

𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 4 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟗 = 3 +4 + 9
(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟗) = 𝟏𝟔

(𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟑)𝟐 = (𝟒)𝟐

Hence, the center is (2,3) and the radius is 4 units.

Example 4: Given the equation of a circle as 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟓𝟗 = 𝟎,

what is its center and radius?

Solution: The equation of the circle 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟓𝟗 = 𝟎 is in general

form 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬𝒚 + 𝑭 = 𝟎 , where D, E, and F are real numbers.
Re-write the equation in standard form

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟓𝟗 = 𝟎 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟓𝟗

15
Use the steps as that on example 3.

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟓𝟗 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟓𝟗

(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙+___ ) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚 + ___) = 𝟓𝟗 + ___ + ____

(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟒) = 𝟓𝟗 + 𝟏 + 𝟒

(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟒) = 𝟔𝟒

(𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟖𝟐
Therefore, the center is (-1,2) and the radius is 8 units.

These are important terminologies, notations and symbols that you

must remember.

Equation of the circle where (h,k) is the center and r is the radius.

i) center is any point on the Cartesian plane: (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐

ii)center is the origin on the Cartesian plane: 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐

Standard equation of a Circle: (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐

General equation of a Circle obtained by expanding (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 ,

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑭𝒚 + 𝑬 = 𝟎, where D,E and F are real numbers.

What’s More

Let us try to answer more challenging set of problems and activities about
equation of a circle.

Activity 3. Forming It Around

Use the given information to write the standard equation of the circle. Show all
work on your own paper.
1. The point (5, 2) is on the circle whose center is (3, 2)

2. The point (3, 3) is on the circle whose center is (3, -1)

16
Activity 4. Who Am I?
Write the equation of each of the following circles given the center and the radius.
Answer the questions that follow on a separate sheet of paper.

center radius

1. origin 3

2. (1,4) 5

3. (-2,-3) 10

4. (4,0) 5√2

5. (0,-3) 6

Questions:
a. How do you write the equation of a circle, given its radius, if the
center is at the origin? b. How about if the center is not at (0, 0)?
Remember that an equation of a circle can be written in general form
or in standard form.

If the center is at the origin use 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 . Like in number 1, the equation of the
circle would be 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟑𝟐 . Hence, it would be 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟗.

If the center is any point on the Cartesian plane use (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 .
like in number 2-5.

2) (𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟒)𝟐 = 𝟓𝟐 (𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟒)𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓

3) (𝒙 − (−𝟐))𝟐 + (𝒚 − (−𝟑))𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟐 (𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟑)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎

4) (𝒙 − 𝟒)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟎)𝟐 = (𝟓√𝟐)𝟐 (𝒙 − 𝟒)𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟓𝟎

5) (𝒙 − 𝟎)𝟐 + (𝒚 − (−𝟑))𝟐 = 𝟔𝟐 𝒙𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟑)𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔

c. Suppose two circles have the same center. Should the equations
defining these circles be the same? Why?
If two circles have the same center but different radii, they would still
have different equations that defines them.
Example 5:What is the equation of a circle having C(1,2);r=4 and
C(1,2);r=8? Answer: (𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔 and (𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟔𝟒.

Activity 5: Write each equation of a circle in general form. Identify the

center and radius.

1. (𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟒)𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔 4. (𝒙 − 𝟖)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟕)𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐𝟓

2. (𝒙 + 𝟒)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟗)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒 5. 𝒙𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟓)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏

3. (𝒙 − 𝟔)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟖𝟏

17
Activity 6: Determine which of the following equations describe a circle
and which do not. Justify your answer.

1. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟐𝟒 = 𝟎

2. 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟐𝟒 = 𝟎

3. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎

4. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔𝒙 + 𝟓𝟓 = 𝟎

5. 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎

Activity 7: Identify the equation of a circle given its center and radius.
Write it in standard form.
1. C(0,1);r=6
2. C(0,0);r=1.5
3. C(-2,-3);r=1.25
4. C(2,5);r=12
5. C(1,-4);r=11

Good job! You are able to follow through with this module. Now, let us try to do
some exercises to further enhance what you have learned.

What I Have Learned

Here is another activity that lets you apply what you learned about Illustrating the
Center-Radius Form of the Equation of the Circle . Fill in the blanks with the correct
word/s or symbol that best fits the statement.

Activity 8: Fill Me In

__________ is a collection of points equidistant from a common point called

its center. The __________________ is the standard form of the equation of the circle if
its center is at point (h,k). The __________ is the standard form of the equation of the
circle if its center is at the origin.
If the diameter is given, the radius is found by dividing the value by ________.
The x-coordinate and the y-coordinate for the center of the circle is given as
___________.
For instance, if center of the circle is (2, -5) and the radius is 9, the given
equation of the circle is ____________________. Moreover, if the center is at the origin
and the radius is 5, the equation of the of the circle is _________________________.

18
A. Supply the ideas to the given sentences below.
1. One will know if it is an equation of a circle if
________________________________________________________________________ ________
2. I learned that the equation of a circle is in standard form if its terms are
________________________________________________________________________ ________
B. Explain
1. Is the equations of a circle a quadratic equation? Why?
________________________________________________________________________ ________
2. How do you write equation of a circle into general form?
________________________________________________________________________ ________
C. “I Know” •
My Chosen word is (equation of a circle, standard form)
• First I know ____________________________
• In addition I know ______________________________________
• Finally I know ______________________________________
Amazing work! Now you’re up for the final challenge of this module

What I Can Do
Here is another activity that lets you apply what you learned about the arithmetic
sequence by relating it to real-life situations.
Convert the following equations into standard form and graph
1. x2 + y2+ 6x - 2y + 1 = 0

19
2. x2 + y2 - 14x + 4y + 49 = 0

Here is another activity that lets you apply what you learned about equations
of a circle. Do the activity to further enhance what you have learned.

Activity 9. I am a Good Leader.

You were chosen to be a leader in your group. Each group were given two
problems to solve and explain. Your groups word problem is given below.

Problem 1. Which equation describes a circle with center at the origin and
radius 6? A. x 2 + y2 = 36 or B. 2x 2+2y2=72

Problem 2. Find the equation of the circle with the center at (1,1) and
diameter of 8 units in standard form?

a. Your groupmates suggested that on Problem 1 the answer is A. Will you

agree that the answer is really A? Why or Why not?

b. After sometime, one of your groupmates suggested that the answer on

Problem 2 is (x2-1)+(y2-1)=64. Is his answer correct? If not, how will you
explain the correct answer to him?

c. As a group leader, how will you handle groupmates that are not
participating in the activity?

Great work! You did a good job in applying what you have learned!

20
Assessment

I hope you had a great time going over this module. For you to determine how
much you’ve learned, kindly answer the questions by showing a complete solution.
(Note: Answer at least five (5) problems)
I. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Which of the following is the set of all points in the plane equidistant to a
fixed point?
A. pie C. line
B. plane D. circle
2. What is the center of a circle given the equation (x-5)2 + (y+7)2 =81?
A. (5,-7) C. (4,7)
B. (-7,5) D. (7,-4)
3. Which of the following determines the center of the circle given the
equation x + y -6x -2y =15.
2 2

A. (2,1) C. (3,0)
B. (2,6) D. (3,1)
4. What is the radius of a circle given the equation (x -2)2 + (y-4)2 = 121?
A. 15 C. -5
B. 11 D. -11
5. Which is the equation of the circle in standard form?
A. (x-h)2+(y-k)2-r2=0 C. (x + h)2 + (y + k)2 –r3=0
B. (x-h)2+(y-k)2 =r2 D. (x + h)2+ (y + k)2 = r3
6. Find the radius of the circle x + y = 169?
2 2

A. 8 C. 13
B. 12 D. 169
7. Which is the general form of the equation of a circle with center (0,0) and
radius of 8?
A. x2 +y2 – 64=0 C. x2 +y2 = 64
B. x +y = – 64
2 2 D. x2 +y2 + 64=0
8. Which of the following equation has a center (2,1) and radius of 5?
A. x2+y2-2x-2y=25 C. x2+y2 -4x -2y =20
B. x +y -2x-2y=20
2 2 D. x2+y2 +4x+2y =25

9. What is the center and radius of a circle given 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 73 = 0?

A. C(0,0), r=5 C. C(2,2), r=9
B. C(1,1), r=6 D. C(3,3), r=10

10. Which of the following is a point on the circle having (0,0) as the center
and a radius of 8 units?
A.(0,-8) C. (0,0)
B.(0,-7) D. (1,8)

II. Write the center and radius of the circle

1. (x – 4)2 + (y) = 16
2. (x + 3)2 + (y - 1)2 = 9

21
3. x2 + y2 = 49
4. (x – 7)2 + (y + 2)2 = 4
III. Write the standard equation of the circle with the given center and radius.

5. The center is (2, 5) and the radius is 9.

6. The center is (-4, -1) and the radius is 4.

7. The center is (-6, 0) and the radius is 7.

8. The center is (-2, 1) and the radius is 2.5.

IV. Convert the following equations into standard form and graph
9. x2 + y2 + 6x - 2y + 1 = 0
10. x2 + y2 - 14x + 4y + 49 = 0

Great Job! You did well on this module! Keep going!

Additional Activities

Try this problem to boost your understanding on center radius form of the equation
of the circle.

1. A person was assigned to create a circular path following the coordinates of the
graph. The horizontal distance from the point of origin is 7 and its vertical distance
is 3. The distance from the center is 8 units. Formulate the equation of the circle
appropriate for the circular path. What is the value of the y-coordinate if the value
is -3? -5? Explain
2. The diameter of a circle is 18 units and its center is at (–3, 8). What is the
equation of the circle?
a. What will be the equation of the circle if you decrease the radius by 4
units?
b. How many circles are possible within the same center and not more than
18 units ?
Explain your answer.

Congratulations! Job well done. I hope you learned a lot in this module. You
are now ready to answer the next module.

22
23
What’s In
1. 8 units
2. Yes, because it is a circle and all the points in the circle have the same
distance from the center.
Questions:
1. What is the difference between figure 1 and figure 2? Figure 1 has its
center as the origin (0,0) while figure 2’s center is not the origin which is any
point on the Cartesian Plane (h,k).
2. What would happen if you would use the formula
(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 to determine the equation of a circle with center (0,0)
and radius 12? Can you arrive with the correct answer?
Yes, you can still arrive with the same answer.
What I Know
1. C 14. C
2. A 15. B
3. C 16. D
4. C 17. A
5. A 18. B
6. C 19. D
7. C 20. A
8. B 21. C(0,0), R = 9
9. A 22. C(8,7), R = 4
10. A 23. C(-4,3), R = 6
11. A 24. (x – 1)2 + (y – 4)2 = 82
12. C 25. x 2 + (y + 4)2 = 102
13. D
Answer Key
24
Exercise 3. Identify the equation of a circle given its center and radius. Write it
in standard form.
1. 𝒙𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔 4. (𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟓)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒
2. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟓 5. (𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟒)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏
3. (𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟑)𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟔𝟐𝟓
Exercise 2. Determine which of the following equations describe a circle and which do
not. Justify your answer.
1. It is a circle with C(0,1);r=5
2. It is not because of the term −𝒚𝟐 and radius should not be negative
3. It is a circle with C(-1,2);r=4
4. It is a circle with C(8,0); r=3
5. . It is not because of the term −𝒚𝟐
Exercise 1. Write each equation of a circle in general form. Identify the center and
radius.
1. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟖𝒚 − 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎; C(2,4);r=6
2. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟏𝟖𝒚 − 𝟒𝟕 = 𝟎;C(-4,9);r=12
3. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟒𝟒 = 𝟎;C(6,1);r=9
4. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔𝒙 + 𝟏𝟒𝒚 − 𝟏𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎; C(8,-7);r=15
5. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒚 − 𝟗𝟔 = 𝟎; C(0,5);r=11
What’s New
1. The distance is 50 km with the use of distance formula.
2. The y-coordinates are 49.275, 48.99, 47.70, 45.83 and 40 units
respectively with the use of distance formula following the 50 units
distance.
3. No, because the horizontal distance could only stretch as far as 50
units distance.
4. The path is circular and can be solved using the equation of the
circle.
Activity 1. Find Me
1. A. C(0,0);r=7 2. D. C(5,6);r=9 3. B. C(0,0);r=10 4. C. C(-7,-1);r=7
5. C. C(-4,3);r=8 6. B. C(0,0);r=4 7. A. C(2,-1);r=8 8. D. C(0,3);r=11
9. A. C(-1,2);r=3 10. D. C(3,1.5);r=1.2
25
Whats More
1. (x-3)2+(y-2)2=22
2. (x-3)2+(y+1)2=42
What I Have Learned
Activity 8: Fill Me In
1. Circle 5. (h,k),5
2. (x-h)2+(y-k)2 =r2 6. (x-2)2+(y+)2 =81
3. x2+y2=r2 7. x2+y2=25
4. 2
A. Supply the ideas to the given sentences below.
1. One will know if it is an equation of a circle if the form is (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 +
(𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 or 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 .
2. I learned that the equation of a circle is in general form if its terms are
equated to zero, 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑭𝒚 + 𝑬 = 𝟎 .
B. Explain
1. Is the equations of a circle a quadratic equation? Why?
No, when you say "quadratic" it means "highest power of the variable
is 2”. The peculiar thing, compared to the quadratic equations circle is that
it is a quadratic equation in two variables, x and y. A quadratic equation is
taken to mean a quadratic equation in only one variable.
So; when a we say "quadratic equation", we mean one in one variable
only. This would not include circles.
2. How do you write equation of a circle into general form?
Equate all the terms to zero.
C. “I Know” •
My Chosen word is (equation of a circle, standard form) Answers may vary
• First I know ____________________________
• In addition I know ______________________________________
• Finally I know ______________________________________
Assessment.
I. 1. D 5. B 9. C
2. A 6. C 10. A.
3. D 7. A
4. B 8. C
- -
II. 1. C= (4,0) r= 4 III. 5. (x 2)2 + (y 5) 2 = 81
2. C= (-3, 1) r= 3 6. (x + 4)2 + (y + 1)2 =16
3. C= (0,0) r=7 7. (x + 6)2 + y2 = 49
4. C= (7, -2) r= 2 8. (x + 2)2+ (y - 1) 2 = 6.25
IV. 9. (x + 3)2+(y - 1) 2=32
10. (x - 7)2 + (y + 2) 2 = 22
26
What I Can Do
Convert the following equations into standard form
1. (x+3) 2+(y-1)2=3 2
2. (x-7)2+(y+2) 2=22
Activity 3. I am a Good Leader.
You were chosen to be a leader in your group. Each group were given two
problems to solve and explain. Your groups word problem is given below.
Problem 1. Which equation describes a circle with center at the origin and
radius 6? A. x2 + y2 = 36 or B. 2x2 +2y2=72
Problem 2. Find the equation of the circle with the center at (1,1) and
diameter of 8 units in standard form?
a. Your groupmates suggested that on Problem 1 the answer is A. Will you
agree that the answer is really A? Why or Why not?
The answer is both A and B. Answer B .2x2 +2y2=72 can be simplified
by dividing both sides of the equation by 2. Hence, the result will be x2 +
y2 = 36 the same as A.
b. After sometime, one of your groupmates suggested that the answer on
Problem 2 is (x 2-1)+(y2-1)=64. Is his answer correct? If not, how will you
explain the correct answer to him?
References

Obias-Aonan, Grace and Ullero-Collado, Clarissa:Next Generation Math,

Intermediate Algebra. Philippines .Diwa Learning systems INC. 2011
Villareal,Abelardo and Gestoso, Gemmalyn: A Spiral Approach
explanation,Examples, Exercises, Mathematics for Grade 10.
Philippines.Educational Resources Corporation.2017
Ester Ogena,Phd.,Rosemarievic Diaz,Phd. ,Erminda Fortes, Phd., Mrilyn
Balagtas,Phd.: McGraw Hill Our Math Grade 10.McGraw Hill Education. 2013
https://www.slideshare.net/daniholic/math-grade-10-learners-module
https://depedtambayan.org/grade-10-teachers-guide-tg-k-to-12-curriculum-2/

Mathematics Learning Module for Grade 10

Teacher’s Guide
https://en.m.wikipedia.org
https://owlcation.com

27
EDITOR’S NOTE
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN
with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal.
Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all
learners of Region XII in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The
process of LR development was observed in the production of this module.
This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and
recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: [email protected]