Application of GIS in
Disaster Management
Disaster 2
A Disaster is a situation in which community is incapable of coping. It is
a natural or Man-made events which causes intense negative impacts
on people, goods, services and the environment exceeding the
affected community's capability to respond.
Disaster Management 3
Disaster Management is defined as the discipline and profession of
applying science, technology, planning and management to deal
with extreme events. The emphasis of disaster management is
prevention and loss reduction
Phases of Disaster Management 4
Disaster management activity is divided into the following phases:
Planning
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
Mitigation
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Phases of Disaster Management 6
Planning:
GIS is useful in helping with planning
It provides the framework for planners and disaster managers to
view spatial data by way of computer based maps
Mitigation:
Representation of High risk areas
Facilitates the implementation of necessary mechanism to lessen
the impact
Phases of Disaster Management 7
Preparedness:
Identification of emergency areas
Positions of related departments, Agencies and Human Resources
Make it easier for security and shelters provider to plan the strategies
Response:
Provide accurate information on exact location of an emergency
situation
Time saving during the determination of trouble areas (quick
Response)
Used as floor guide for evacuation routes
Phases of Disaster Management 8
Recovery:
Mapping the level of damage
Information related to disrupted infrastructure, number of persons
affected and impact on environment
GIS in Disaster Management 9
Accurate data availability
Location of site accurately within least permissible time
Accessibility information between source and destination
Real time visualization of area of interest
Reduce the time involved in activities
Role of GIS Application 10
To create Hazard inventory maps
Locate Critical Facilities
Create and manage associated database
Vulnerability Assessment
GIS and Data Collection 11
The data required for disaster management is coming from different
scientific disciplines and should be integrated
Data integration is one of the strongest points of GIS. In general the
following types of data are required:
Data on the disastrous phenomena (eg: Landslides, Floods,
Earthquakes) their location frequency magnitude etc.
Data on the environment in which the disastrous events might take
place (eg: Topography, Geology, Geo-morphology, Soils,
Hydrology, Landuse, vegetation etc.)
Data on the elements that might be destroyed if the events takes
place (Infrastructure, Settlement, Population, Socio-economic data
etc.)
GIS Database
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GIS database include following information which is beneficial in disaster
management.
1. Use of different satellite imageries (Remote Sensing data) ex. Quickbird, SPOT,
IKONOS for GIS data creation.
2. Preparation of base map of different themes using satellite imageries.
3. Thematic maps such as a hydro geomorphologic map, slope map, terrain map,
and DEM generation in GIS. It is used for disaster planning.
4. Macro and micro-level maps used for identifying vulnerability and threat
condition
5. Identification of safe locations and zones for rehabilitation
6. Road and location maps used for finding alternate routes, shelters, and locations
7. Planning of evacuation and operation
8. Management of Rehabilitation and post-disaster reconstruction.
9. Suitable locations identifying scientifically for construction of houses and shelters
10. No construction areas identified and rehabilitation of existing people can be
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Benefits of Disaster Management 18
using GIS
Pre-disaster planning and preparedness
Prediction and early warning
Damage assessment and relief management
Disaster Management - Cyclone 19
Mitigation: Recovery:
Risk Modelling Damage Assessment
Vulnerability Analysis Spatial Planning
Preparedness:
Early Warning
Long Range Climate
Rescue:
Identifying escape routes
Crisis mapping
Impact assessment
Cyclone monitoring
Storm Surge Prediction
Disaster Management - Floods 20
Mitigation: Recovery:
Mapping Flood prone areas Damage Assessment
Delineating flood plains Spatial Planning
Landuse mapping
Preparedness:
Flood Prediction
Early Warning
Rainfall Mapping
Rescue:
Flood Mapping
Evacuation
Planning damage assessment
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