Q2a What do you mean by disaster? Give the detailed classification.

" Definition of Q2OR Write Short Notes On: A) Disaster B) Hazard C) Vulnerability D) Resilience A)
Disaster: A disaster is a sudden, calamitous event that disrupts the normal Disaster A disaster is a sudden, devastating event causing significant damage to life,
functioning of a community or society, causing significant human, material, property, and the environment. Examples include earthquakes, floods, and industrial
economic, or environmental losses. These events often exceed the affected accidents. B) Hazard A hazard is a potential threat that can cause harm, such as
community's capacity to cope with its resources. Classification of Disasters: 1. earthquakes, hurricanes, or chemical spills. Hazards can be natural or human-made.
Natural Disasters: Geophysical: Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides. C) Vulnerability Vulnerability is the degree to which individuals or communities are
Hydrological: Floods, tsunamis. Meteorological: Hurricanes, cyclones, tornadoes, susceptible to harm from hazards, influenced by factors like poverty, infrastructure,
storms. Climatological: Droughts, heatwaves, wildfires. Biological: Epidemics (e.g., and preparedness. D) Resilience Resilience is the ability to prepare for, adapt to, and
COVID-19), pest infestations, animal attacks. 2. Man-Made (Anthropogenic) recover from disasters, minimizing damage and restoring normalcy quickly.
Disasters: Technological Disasters: Industrial accidents, chemical spills,radiation
leaks,nuclear accidents. Environmental Degradation: Pollution, deforestation, loss Q3OR Explain the disaster life cycle in detail. *Pre-Disaster Phase: This phase
of biodiversity. Social Disasters: Riots, terrorism, war, displacement of populations. involves activities that prepare for a potential disaster. Mitigation: Implementing
Disasters can be classified further impact, duration, and predictability. measures to reduce the impact of a disaster. Preparedness: Developing plans and
strategies to respond to a disaster. *Disaster Phase: This is the actual occurrence of
q.3a What is disaster management? Give the principal and objectives of disaster the disaster. Impact: The immediate effects of the disaster. Response: Actions taken
management." Definition of Disaster Management: Disaster management is a to provide immediate assistance and save lives. *Post-Disaster Phase: This phase
coordinated effort to prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters to focuses on recovery and rebuilding efforts. Recovery: Restoration of infrastructure
minimize their impact on human life, property, and the environment. It involves and services. Reconstruction: Rebuilding damaged areas and communities.
planning, organizing, and implementing measures to reduce disaster risks and
enhance community resilience. Principles of Disaster Management: Preparedness: Q4OR State clearly the inter-relationship between disaster developments Answer
Developing strategies, training, and awareness to handle potential disasters. The prompt is asking for an explanation of how disaster and development are
Mitigation: Reducing or eliminating the risks and impacts of disasters through intertwined, so a possible answer might look like this: Development can lead to
proactive measures. Response: Providing immediate assistance to affected disaster: For example, deforestation can lead to soil erosion and landslides. Disaster
individuals and communities during a disaster. Recovery: Restoring normalcy can hinder development: For example, an earthquake can destroy infrastructure and
through rehabilitation, reconstruction, and long-term recovery efforts. Prevention: disrupt economic activity. Disaster can create opportunities for development: For
Taking measures to avoid or minimize disaster occurrence. Objectives of Disaster example, a flood can provide an opportunity to build a resilient infrastructure.
Management: 1 To minimize the loss of life, property, and resources during Development and disaster are interconnected: For example, the development of a
disasters. 2 to enhance community preparedness and resilience. 3 To ensure city in a flood plain can increase the city's vulnerability to flooding, while efforts to
efficient response through well-coordinated efforts among government, NGOs, and develop early warning systems for disasters can help protect people and property.
local bodies. 4 To provide timely relief and rehabilitation for affected populations. 5 Note: The prompt does not specify what type of disaster or development, so the
To promote sustainable practices that reduce future disaster risks. 6 To create answer should be broad enough to encompass a variety of situations.
awareness and educate communities about disaster risks and management
strategies.. Q.5Role of GIS and Information Technology in Disaster Management GIS
(Geographic Information Systems) and information technology (IT) play a crucial role
Q4.a Describe the role of Panchayati Raj institutions and Urban Local Bodies in in all phases of disaster management, including preparedness, response, recovery,
disaster management." Grassroots Preparedness and Awareness: PRIs act as the and mitigation. 1. Disaster Preparedness Risk Mapping and Analysis: GIS helps in
first point of contact for communities during disasters. They spread awareness identifying high-risk areas by analyzing historical data, topography, and population
about disaster risks and preparedness in rural areas. Implementation of Disaster distribution. Early Warning Systems: IT facilitates real-time monitoring and early
Management Plans: Assist in formulating and executing local disaster management warning for disasters like floods, cyclones, and tsunamis. Simulation and Training:
plans. Conduct vulnerability and risk assessments at the village level. Resource GIS-based simulations help in training responders and conducting mock drills. 2.
Mobilization: Mobilize local resources like volunteers, shelters, and equipment Disaster Response Real-time Data Sharing: IT enables communication and
during emergencies. Facilitate the construction and maintenance of disaster- information sharing between agencies for coordinated responses. Resource
resilient infrastructure (e.g., embankments, shelters). Coordination with State and Allocation: GIS assists in identifying the nearest resources, evacuation routes, and
National Agencies: Act as a link between the local population and higher shelters. Situational Awareness: Real-time satellite imagery and GIS maps help
authorities. Support relief and rehabilitation programs, ensuring fair distribution of responders assess affected areas. 3. Disaster Recovery Damage Assessment: GIS
aid. Community-Based Disaster Response: Train local communities in first aid, helps in evaluating damage to infrastructure, housing, and natural resources.
rescue operations, and early warning systems. Organize mock drills to improve Reconstruction Planning: IT supports planning and prioritizing recovery projects by
readiness. Role of Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in Disaster Management: Urban Risk mapping affected zones. Database Management: IT stores and manages data on
Assessment and Planning: Conduct assessments to identify high-risk urban areas affected individuals and relief distribution. 4. Disaster Mitigation Hazard Zoning: GIS
prone to, earthquakes, and fires. Prepare urban disaster management plans identifies areas prone to hazards for urban planning and zoning regulations.
tailored to local needs. Infrastructure and Building Codes: Enforce building codes Infrastructure Resilience: IT aids in designing resilient infrastructure based on risk
and zoning laws to ensure disaster-resilient construction. Maintain critical analysis. Awareness Campaigns: IT platforms disseminate information to
infrastructure like drainage systems, roads, and communication networks. communities about disaster risks and safety measures.
Emergency Response Services: Manage urban resources like fire services, medical
facilities, and during disasters. Establish emergency operation centers to coordinate Q.6 Role of School Children and Red Crescent Movement RISK DISSATSER Education
disaster response. Public Awareness and Training: Educate urban populations about and Awareness: School children can be instrumental in spreading awareness about
disaster preparedness and evacuation procedures. Organize drills and training for disaster preparedness within their families and communities. They can learn about
urban communities and response teams. Waste and Environmental Management: potential hazards, safety measures, and emergency procedures. Community
Address environmental concerns like waste management to prevent secondary Engagement: The Red Crescent movement, through its youth programs, can
disasters. Ensure sustainable urban development to reduce disaster vulnerability. empower school children to become active participants in disaster preparedness
initiatives. They can organize workshops, awareness campaigns, and drills within
Q6Differentiating Tropical Cyclone and Extra Tropical Cyclone tropical Cyclone: their schools and neighborhoods. Early Warning Systems: School children can be
Forms over warm tropical or subtropical waters. Characterized by a low-pressure trained to recognize warning signs of natural disasters and alert their communities.
center and rotating thunderstorms. Driven by the release of latent heat as warm, First Responders: In some cases, school children may be able to provide basic first
moist air rises and condenses. Has a clear, defined eye in the center. Winds rotate aid and assistance during emergencies. They can also learn how to evacuate safely
counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern and direct others. Psychological Support: School children can offer emotional
Hemisphere. Extra-Tropical Cyclone: Forms at the boundary between cold and support and assistance to their peers and family members during and after disasters.
warm air masses in the mid-latitudes. Powered by the temperature difference Overall, school children play a crucial role in building a culture of preparedness and
between the air masses. Often associated with fronts and can bring widespread resilience, especially when supported by organizations like the Red Crescent
precipitation, strong winds, and heavy snow. Does not have a clearly defined eye movement.
Winds rotate counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere