Chapter 1

THE PPROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction
Through reading we can gain knowledge. Skills are
required here to enhance understanding. This is also
what everyone needs to learn to understand things.
Gaining understanding is the important purpose of
reading. In addition, there are lessons we’ve learn here as
a result of reading. Associated with this is the education
that accompanies us in every generation.
Reading Comprehension is the ability to process written
in text, understand it’s meaning and to integrate with
what the reader already knows.
Similarly, engaging readers in shared injury on account of
a discussion-based reading model results in effective
stimulation of cognition among students as they engage
in reflecting and thinking about questions in a complex
text. It has been implied that reading engagement is an
antecedent of developing attentiveness among the
students which eventually results in high performance of
students in reading comprehension. The context of
engagement resides in keeping the readers cognitively
and behaviorally active and thus, it is essential balance of
interest, self- regulation, motivation, reading attitude and
involvement with text should also be included in
measuring reader’s engagement (Roomy & Alhawsawi,
2019).
Many people specially the learners find it difficult to read
the word/ sentence when it is in English. They cannot
read properly when unfamiliar words are being used.
Moreover, if they could read the word/sentence, they did
not understand what the word meant. Now in this study,
the researcher want to know how do learners to have
reading skills to expand their reading comprehension. To
do this, the researcher need first to know what are the
reasons why they can’t understand the words but can
read. How or what were the things that they should
practice to enhance their reading comprehension.
This study consist in finding information about Reading
Comprehension in English of Grade-8 Learners in Puting
Kahoy National High School. This study aims to give
valuable information to the researcher, to the reader and
to the future researcher who are going to conduct a study
related to this topic.

Statement of the problem

The purpose of this study generally is to examine the
Reading Comprehension in English of Grade -8 Learners
in Puting Kahoy National High School. Thus, the
researcher intent to answer the following:
1.To know the factors affecting the learners reading
comprehension.
2. To identify the benefits of reading comprehension
3. To determine the reasons behind learners poor
reading comprehension.
4.To determine the challenges met by learners in relation
to reading comprehension.
5.To identify reading habits that will help improve the
reading comprehension of the learners.

Importance or significance of the study

Having a ability to understand reading is important for
everyone especially to the learners. This study will have
benefits to us considering that reading plays an important
role in our life. One of its benefits is it give us knowledge
and help to understand the meaning of the text. In
addition, this may serve as guide to increase our
understanding.

This study is conducted to benefit the following:

To the learners- They get information on how to enhance
their reading comprehension.
To the Teacher- They can establish activity that can
develop the learners Reading Comprehension.
To the Reader- Through this study, they will be able to
know what practices they can do to improve their reading
comprehension.
To the School Administrator- Result of this study could be
used as feedback, for them to help the learners to have a
development in reading.
To the future researcher – They get an idea on how the
research done. This may serve as source of information
about the skills in reading comprehension.

Definition of terms
To facilitate the understanding of this study, different
terms are defined here in.
Ability – possession of the means or skill to do something
(Oxford University Press. 2023). This term refers to the
act of the learners ability to understand the words that
being use in the study.

Difficult words – the words which are difficult to read,

spell or pronounce (https://www.admitkard.com).
Operationally, this are the unfamiliar words .

English – relating to England or its people or language

(Oxford University Press. 2023). As used in this study, this
refers to a subject.

Knowledge – understanding or skill gained by experience

(Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, 2023). Operationally,
this is the Intentional understanding of a learners in
reading and having a broad understanding.

Learners – a person who is learning a subject or skill

(Oxford University Press, 2023). In this study, the term is
used to specify who will be the respondents who must
answer the questionnaire.

Readability – is a measure of how easy a piece of text is

to read (Readable 2011-2023). Operationally, it is the
process which defines the capacity of learners
comprehension’s observe or can be determine.

Reading Comprehension – the ability to utilize lower order

reading process (including decoding and vocabulary
knowledge) and higher order reading process (including
relation of text content to schema and conscious
controllable processing) to understand concepts and
ideas from text (Pressley, 2000). In this study, the term
refers to the action or skill of learners ability to
understand the words they might encounter in reading
this study.
Text- the original words and form of a written or printed
work. This refers to the words that can be read that have
different meaning .

Understanding – to ability to understand something;

comprehension (Oxford University Press, 2023). In this
study, the term refers to the capacity to comprehend.

Words- a single distinct meaningful element of speech or

writing, used with others (or sometimes alone) to form a
sentence and typically shown with a space on either side
when written or printed (Oxford University Press, 2023).
In this study, the term is used as a text and the words
itself.

Scope and Delimitations

This study is all about the reading comprehension in
English of Grade-8 Learners in Puting Kahoy National High
School. The data collection will conducted only to the
learners of Puting Kahoy National High School (S.Y 2022-
2023).This study will focus on the reading Comprehension
of the learners, their knowledge and understanding in
English.

This study will not cover other problems that are not
related in Reading Comprehension. Everyone that does
not learners of Puting Kahoy National High School will not
be within the scope of this study. It would be done
through the utilization of questionnaire to the learners as
survey. Each of the respondent are given same
questionnaire to answer. By this, the researcher will be
able to know the comprehension of the learners in
reading in English.

Conceptual Framework
Input Process Output
Analysis of data
through: -Improve the
- questionnaire reading
Identify the reading
-statistical comprehension
comprehension of
treatment of the learners
the learners
- presentation of - Have a
findings development

Chapter IV
ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION, AND
INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the findings, the analysis, and the

interpretation of the information gleaned from the
responses to the questionnaires that were sent out to the
field. Regarding the reading comprehension of the Grade
8 Learners in Puting Kahoy National High School (S.Y
2022-2023), the said data were presented in tabular
form in accordance with the precise questions posed on
the statement of the problem.

Research question data interpretation, analysis

and presentation
Descriptive statistics and a mean-based analysis were
employed to answer the study's research questions.

Table 1: To know the factors affecting the

learners reading comprehension

Statement Weighted Interpretation

mean
1. I overlook the 3.46 Agree
sentence with
complicated ideas.
2. I easily lose interest 2.59
when the words that Disagree
being used is hard to
understand .
3. I have poor knowledge 3.27 Neutral
in English .
4. I prefer reading 3.07 Neutral
Tagalog word than
English.
5. I read the text word by 2.37 Disagree
word without knowing
the meaning of it.
Average mean 2.95
The table shows the factors affecting the reading
comprehension of the learners with the overall mean of
2.95. It illustrates that the learners themselves are still
undecided about the factors that affects their reading
comprehension. Leading in the rank was they overlook
the sentence with complicated ideas with a mean of 3.46.
A lot of skills are needed to develop in order to achieve
excellent reading comprehension ( Montgomery 2022).
Moreover, 3.27 have poor knowledge in English. With an
average of 3.07, the learners prefer reading Tagalog
words rather than English. On the other hand, they
disagreed with the statement " I easily lose interest when
the words that being used is hard to understand" with a
mean of 2.59. In addition, they disagreed with the
statement " I read the text word by word without knowing
the meaning of it" with a lowest mean of 2.37.

Table 2: To identify the benefits of reading

comprehension

Statement Weighted Interpretatio

mean n
1. I can understand the 3.83 Agree
meaning of the word
2. I can apply what I 4 Agree
understand in reading in
my everyday life
3. I keep motivated when I 4.29 Strongly
understand what I'm Agree
reading
4. I become active in 4.05 Agree
reading
5. I can improve my ability 4.24 Strongly
in reading Agree
Average mean 4.08

The table shows the benefits of reading comprehension

with the overall mean of 4.08. Foremost in the rank was
the statement " I keep motivated when I understand what
I'm reading" with a mean of 4.29. As stated by Brandon
(2021), comprehension makes reading enjoyable, fun and
informative. 4.24 in the statement "I can improve my
ability in reading". 4.05 in a statement I become active in
reading. 4 in the statement " I can apply what I
understand in reading in my everyday life. Elizabeth
(2022), good reading comprehension skills are essential
for success in school. Children who develop strong
reading comprehension skills are more likely to succeed
in school and life. Meanwhile, 3.83 mean in the
statement "I can understand the meaning of the word". It
means that the learners can construct the meaning of the
words.

Table 3: To determine the reasons behind learners

poor reading comprehension

Statement Weighted Interpretatio

mean n
1. I rarely read books 2.98
Neutral
2.I am not interested to 2.07 Disagree
understand what I'm
reading
3.I don't have ability in 2.24 Disagree
reading
4.I don't have background 1.93 Disagree
knowledge
5.I am not interested in 1.90 Disagree
reading so I don't expand
my knowledge about it
Average mean 2.22

The table presents that the learners disagreed in the

aforementioned statements with an average mean of
2.22. The statement they disagreed with the most is the
statement " I don't have ability in reading" with a mean of
2.24. "I am not interested to understand what I'm
reading" got the mean of 2.07. "" I don't have background
knowledge" with a mean of 1.93. The statement " I am
not interested in reading so I don't expand my knowledge
about it" got the mean of 1.90. Lastly, the statement with
the highest mean with a score of 2.98 is the statement "
I rarely read books".

Table 4: To determine the challenges met by

learners in relation to reading comprehension

Statement Weighted Interpretatio

mean n
1. I faced difficulty in 3.41 Agree
identifying what's the
meaning of the word I read
2. I have encounter 3.49 Agree
difficulty to understand the
unfamiliar words
3. I don't have enough 2.73 Neutral
knowledge in English word
4. I barely understand deep 3.20 Neutral
words especially if it's
English
5. I do not pay attention 2.41 Disagree
when the words that being
use in the sentence is
different
Average mean 3.05

As imposed by the Learners themselves, the data

revealed they were undecided with the challenges they
met in relation to reading comprehension as leaked by
the overall average of 3.05. With a mean score of 2.41
the learners disagreed with the statement " I do not pay
attention when the words that being used in the sentence
is different". This indicates that they pay attention to the
words even though it's used in the sentence in different
forms and didn't find it challenging. " While in the
statement" I barely understand deep words especially if
it's English " the learners are undecided as revealed by
the mean of 3.20. Additionally, the learners also
undecided in the statement " I don't have enough
knowledge in English" by the mean of 2.73. On the other
hand, they agreed that they encountered difficulty to
understand the unfamiliar words with a mean of 3.49.
This was supported by the divulgence of the learners that
they faced difficulty in identifying what's the meaning of
the word they read by the mean of 3.41. Internationally
and nationally, it, however, appears that more and more
students and adults have problems with this skill
(Stranovska et.,(2019).

Table 5: To identify the reading habits that will

help improve the reading comprehension of the
learners

Statement Weighted Interpretation

mean
1. Dictionary help me to 4.56 Strongly
find the meaning of the Agree
words
2. Participating during 4.46 Strongly
class hours help me to agree
improve my reading
comprehension
3. By reading different 4.34 Strongly
types of books Agree
4. By setting my time to 4.24 Strongly
practice reading at least 1 Agree
hour a day
5. I learned about 4.34 Strongly
additional terms through Agree
making notes
Average mean 4.39

The table presents that the learners Strongly agreed with

the reading habits mentioned to improve their ability in
reading comprehension by the overall mean of 4.39. As
stated in the study of Yurko et. al (2020), reading is an
incredibly useful skill for life and one of the fastest ways
to learn and remember a language. Foremost in the rank
was the statement " Dictionary help me to find the
meaning of the words" with a mean of 4.56. According to
them, participating during class hours also has helped to
improve their reading comprehension with a mean of
4.46. The statement " By reading different types of books
" and " I learned about additional terms through making
notes" scored the same average of 4.34. Learners also
find that by setting their time to practice reading at least
1 hour a day is one of the habits with a mean of 4.24.

Chapter V

Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendation

This chapter contains a summary of the researcher’s

results, along with a conclusion and suggestions that can
help improve students’ writing, and benefit aspiring
researchers.
SUMMARY
The researcher focuses on the ability of the learners in
relation to reading comprehension .The researcher
identified the ability of fourty-one (41) respondents from
Grade 8 learners of Puting Kahoy National High School, in
terms of reading comprehension. The learners’ responses
were used to gather the data needed by this study.

A questionnaire was the research tool employed in the

study. The questionnaire is made up of assertions, and
the researcher observed how the respondents reply to
each one based on whether they agree or disagree with
it.

To evaluate, clarify, and interpret the data that was

acquired, the researcher used the descriptive method.
The tool aids the researcher in problem description and
interpretation, hypothesis testing, and generalization
development. The respondents’ responses were
calculated using frequency distribution and ranking.

Conclusion
Based on the result of the study, it could be concluded
that the learners have the ability to read and understand
the words written in the sentence. . However, there are
some factors that affect their reading comprehension.
Based on the findings, the following conclusions are
drawn:
-There are some factors that affects the learners reading
comprehension but based on the overall score, the
learners themselves are still undecided.

-Reading comprehension has benefits and the learners

agreed with it.

-The learners do not have poor reading comprehension

and this is proven based on the results of the data that is
appropriate to carry out this study

-The learners are undecided with the challenges they met

in relation to reading comprehension. As it stated in the
results of the study on objective number four.

-The learners Strongly Agree with the habits that the

researcher recommend. They find it helpful to improve
their reading comprehension and practice to have a
development.
Recommendations
Based on the work completed for this project and the
previous conclusion, the following suggestions are made:
To the learners
Develop your ability in reading comprehension more to
improve your understanding. Cite information on the
reliable site about the importance of reading for you to
have an accumulated knowledge.

To the Teacher
Ensure that the students have the proper background
knowledge to make sense of the text. Have students
become more familiar with the overall content of reading
material.

To the reader
Focus on your reading goal. Understand the words or in
the phrase not just only read.

To the future researcher

Vary your learning routine. Learn unfamiliar words for you
to easily understand and value all the specific terms to
have an expanded comprehension.
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