VR SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

ECE Department-VR20

SEMESTER VII CONTACT HOURS:29

S.No Course Course Course Title L T P Credits

Code Category
1 20EC7301 Programme Core Antennas & Wave Propagation 3 0 0 3
Programme A. High-Speed Communication 3 0 0 3
2 20EC7402 Elective 3 Networks
B. RADAR Principles
C. Wireless Networks
D. VLSI Signal Processing
20EC7403 Programme A. DSP Processors & Architectures 3 0 0 3
3 Elective 4 B. Adhoc & Sensor Networks
C. Semiconductor Device Modeling
D. Smart Antennas
20EC7404 Programme A. Data Compression 3 0 0 3
4 Elective 5 B. Remote Sensing & GIS
C. Optical Fiber Communications
D. Electronic System Design
5 20EC7205 Open Elective 3 MOOCS/Self Learning Course 3 0 0 3
6 20EC7206 Open Elective 4 MOOCS/Self Learning Course 3 0 0 3
7 20EC7107 Advanced Skill Advanced Skill course 1 0 2 2
course
8 20EC7551 Internship/ Mini Project - II 0 0 3 1.5
Project
9 20EC7552 Internship/ Industrial/Research Internship 0 0 3 1.5
Project 6 Weeks (Mandatory) after 3rd year to
be evaluated during VII Semester
Total 17 0 12 23
Honors /Minor Courses (the hours distribution can be 3-0-2 4 0 0 4
0r 3-1-0 also)

20EC7205—Open Elective 3-Coursera Courses

A. Embedded Sensors and Motors
B. Object Oriented Java Programming: Data Structures and Beyond Specialization
C. Machine Learning: Theory and Hands on Practice
20EC7205—Open Elective 3- Self Learning Courses
A1. An Introduction to Semiconductor Manufacturing and Process Control
B1. MEMS Technology and Applications
20EC7206—Open Elective 4—NPTEL Courses
A. Introduction to Data Base Systems
B. Cloud Computing
C. Design and Analysis of VLSI Subsystems
D. Introduction to Industry 4.0 & IoT
20EC7206—Open Elective 4- Self Learning Courses
A1. Computer Vision & Applications
B1. Global Navigational Satellite Systems

20EC7107- Skill Advanced course

A. Applications of Machine learning in Real time
B. 5G Communication System Using Matlab – Udemy
C. ARM Development: Emphasis on Communication and External Peripherals
D. Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials(.SRWE)-CISCO Networking
Academy
E. System Verilog for Verification
Note: Open Elective Courses may opt as self-learning course. Students register and complete the opted course in
approved MOOCS platform on or before last instruction day of VII Semester. They have to submit the certificate
before the last instruction day of VII semester

SEMESTER VIII CONTACT HOURS: 12

S.No Course Code Course Category Course Title L T P Credits
1 20EC8551 Internship / Major Project and Internships 0 0 24 12
Project (6 Months)
Total 0 0 24 12
20EC7301 ANTENNAS & WAVE PROPAGATION
Course Category: Core Credits: 3

Course Type: Theory Lecture - Tutorial - Practice: 3-0-0

Prerequisites: 20EC3601:Transmission Lines Continuous Evaluation: 30

Theory Semester end Evaluation: 70
Total Marks: 100

Course Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
outcomes
CO1 Provide an understanding of antenna radiating principles of antennas

CO2 Understand the antenna fundamentals and its parameters.

CO3 Design the performance characteristics of antennas arrays, and operating

principles of practical antennas

CO4 Develop the performance behavior of nature on EM wave propagation

mechanisms.

Contribution PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO PSO

of Course 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
Outcomes
towards CO1 3 2 2
achievement
of Program CO2 2 1 1 2 1
Outcomes
(1 – Low, CO3 2 1 2 1
2 -Medium,
3 – High) CO4 3 1 1 1 1 2

UNIT – I : RADIATION ANDANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS:

Course Potential functions-heuristic approach, Maxwell’s equation approach,
Content Potential functions for sinusoidal oscillations, Alternating current element,
Power radiated by current element, Application to short antennas, Assumed
current distribution, Radiation from quarter wave Monopole / half wave
dipole, Travelling wave antennas and the effect of the point of feed on
Standing wave antennas. (12 Hrs)

UNIT – II :ANTENNA PARAMETERS:

Introduction, Radiation pattern, Isotropic, Directional, Omni-directional patterns,
Principle patterns, Radiation pattern lobes, field regions, Radian and Steradian,
Radiation power density, Radiation intensity, Directivity, Directional patterns,
Power gain, Antenna efficiency Half power Beam width, beam efficiency, band
width, Antenna polarization, Polarization loss factor and efficiency, input
impedance, radiation efficiency, Effective aperture(area) of antenna, Relation
between maximum effective aperture and directivity, FRISS transmission
equation. (12 Hrs)

UNIT – III :DESIGN OF ARRAYS:

Two element array, Linear arrays: N-Element linear array: Uniform
amplitude and spacing, broad side array, Ordinary end fire array,
Multiplication of patterns, Binomial arrayplanar array – Array factor,
Circular array - array factor, Directivity.
Practical Antennas: V and Rhombic Antennas, Folded Dipole, Dipole, Yagi-
Uda array, Horn antennas ,Helical antenna, parabolic reflector. (Qualitative
study) (12 Hrs)

UNIT – IV : WAVE PROPAGATION:

Ground Wave Propagation, Space Wave Propagation: Field Strength Relation,
Super Refraction, Troposphere Propagation. Sky Wave Propagation: Structural
details of the Ionosphere, Wave propagation Mechanism, Refraction and
Reflection of Sky waves by Ionosphere (12 Hrs.)

Text books Text Books:

and 1. E.C. Jordan & K.G. Balmain, Electromagnetic waves & Radiating
Reference Systems, PHI, 2nd Edition, 2015.
books 2. Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design – Constantine A. Balanis, John
Wiley & Sons, 3 rd Ed., 2009.
Reference Books:
1. John D. Kraus, Antennas, 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill, 2001.
2. R.E. Collins, Antennas and Radio Propagation, Singapore: McGraw Hill,
1985.
3. R.S.Elliot, ―Antenna Theory and Design , IEEE Press, John Wiley,
2005.

E-resources 1.https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108/105/108105114/
and other 2.https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108/101/108101092/
digital 3.https://nptel.ac.in/courses/117/107/117107035/
material
20EC7402A:HIGH-SPEED COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

Course Category: Programme Elective Credits: 3

Course Type: Theory Lecture - Tutorial -Practice: 3-0-0
Prerequisites: Continuous Evaluation: 30
Semester end Evaluation: 70
Total Marks: 100

Course Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
outcomes
CO1 Understand the basics of ATM and Frame relay.
CO2 Understand the effects of congestion and traffic management models
CO3 Interpret various integrated and differentiated services
CO4 Demonstrate the understanding of protocols for QOS support
Contributio PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO PSO
of Course 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
Outcomes
CO1 1 2 2 2
towards
achievement CO2 2 1 1 1 2
of Program
Outcomes CO3 2 2 2 2 1
(1 – Low,
2 -Medium, CO4 1 2 2 1 1 2
3 – High)
Course UNIT I: HIGH SPEED NETWORKS
Content Frame Relay Networks – Asynchronous transfer mode – ATM Protocol
Architecture, ATM logical Connection, ATM Cell – ATM Service Categories –
AAL. High Speed LAN’s: Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, Fibre Channel –
Wireless LAN’s: applications, requirements – Architecture of 802.11. (8Hrs.)

UNIT II: CONGESTION AND TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT Queuing

Analysis- Queuing Models – Single Server Queues – Effects of Congestion –
Congestion Control – Traffic Management – Congestion Control in Packet
Switching Networks – Frame Relay Congestion Control. TCP Flow control –
TCP Congestion Control – Retransmission – Timer Management – Exponential
RTO backoff – KARN’s Algorithm – Window management – Performance of
TCP over ATM. (15 Hrs.)

UNIT III: INTEGRATED AND DIFFERENTIATED SERVICES

Integrated Services Architecture – Approach, Components, Services- Queuing
Discipline, FQ, PS, BRFQ, GPS, WFQ – Random Early Detection,
Differentiated Services (12 Hrs.)
UNIT IV: PROTOCOLS FOR QOS SUPPORT
RSVP – Goals & Characteristics, Data Flow, RSVP operations, Protocol
Mechanisms – Multiprotocol Label Switching – Operations, Label Stacking,
Protocol details – RTP – Protocol Architecture, Data Transfer Protocol, RTCP.
(12Hrs.)
Text Books:
Text books 1. William Stallings, “High Speed Networks And Internet”, Pearson
and Education, Second Edition, 2002. (Units - I, II, III & IV)
Reference
Reference books:
books
1. Warland & Pravin Varaiya, “High Performance Communication Networks”,
Jean Harcourt Asia Pvt. Ltd., II Edition, 2001.
2. Irvan Pepelnjk, Jim Guichard and Jeff Apcar, “MPLS and VPN
architecture”, Cisco Press, Volume 1 and 2, 2003.
3. Andrew S Tanenbaum, ”Computer Networks”, 5th edition, Pearson
Education.
E-resources 1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc23_cs35/preview
and other
digital
material
20EC7402/B: RADAR PRINCIPLES

Course Category: Program Elective-3 Credits: 3

Course Type: Theory Lecture - Tutorial -Practice: 3-0-0
Prerequisites: 20EC4304: Analog and Digital Continuous Evaluation: 30
Communications Semester end Evaluation: 70
20EC5404/B: Microwave Total Marks: 100
Engineering

Course Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
outcomes
CO1 Understand the factors affecting RADAR performance

CO2 Differentiate the principles of MTI Radar and Pulse Doppler Radar for
moving target indication and clutter rejection.

CO3 Describe Tracking radar principle to analyze different target positions.

CO4 Analyze the Radar receiver during signal detection in presence of noise.

Contribution PO1 PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO PSO

of Course 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
Outcomes
towards CO1 3 2 2 2 2 2
achievement
of Program CO2 3 2 2 2 2 2
Outcomes
(1 – Low, CO3 3 2 2 2 2 2
2 - Medium,
CO4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 – High)

Course UNIT I
Content INTRODUCTION TO RADAR: Basic Radar, The simple form of the Radar
Equation, Radar Block Diagram and operation, Applications of Radar, The
Radar Equation, Detection of Signals in Noise, Receiver Noise and the Signal
to-Noise Ratio, Probability Density Functions- Probabilities of Detection and
False Alarm-Integration of Radar Pulses, Transmitter Power, Pulse Repetition
Frequency-System losses. (12 Hrs.)

UNIT-II
MTI Radar: Introduction to Doppler and MTI Radar- Delay Line Cancellers,
Blind speeds, Staggered Pulse Repetition Frequencies, Doppler Filter Banks,
Digital MTI Processing, Moving Target Detector, Limitations to MTI
Performance. (10Hrs.)

UNIT- III
Tracking Radar: Tracking with Radar, Mono-pulse Tracking-Amplitude
Comparison and Phase Comparison, Conical Scan and Sequential Lobing,
Limitations to Tracking Accuracy, Low-Angle Tracking: Tracking in Range,
Comparison of Trackers, Automatic Tracking with Surveillance Radars
(ADT). (10 Hrs.)

UNIT- IV
Detection of Signals in Noise: Introduction, Matched Filter Receiver,
Detection Criteria, Detectors, Automatic Detector, Integrators, Constant-False
Alarm Rate Receivers, The Radar operator, Signal Management
The Radar Receiver: Receiver noise Figure, Super heterodyne Receiver,
Radar Displays, Radar Antennas, Radar Imaging applications(SAR and ISAR)
(13 Hrs.)

Text books Text Books:

and 1. Merrill I Skolnik, Introduction to Radar Systems, 3rd edition, TMH, 2003.
Reference 2. Principles of Modern radar system, M. H. Carpentier, Artech House, 1998.
books 3. Caner Ozdemir, Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging With MATLAB
Algorithms, Wiley 2012.
Reference Books:
1. Radar Technology, Brookner, Eli, Artech House
2. Peyton Z Peebles Jr., “Radar Principles”, John Wiley Inc., 2004.
3. Jong-Sen Lee, Eric Pottier, Polarimetric Radar Imaging From Basics to
Applications, CRC Press, 2017.

E-resources 1.https://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-ll-003-build-a-small-radar-systemcapable-
and other of-sensing-range-doppler-and-synthetic-aperture-radar-imagingjanuary-iap-
digital 2011/lecture-notes/
material 2. http://www.radartutorial.eu/07.waves/wa04.en.html
20EC7402C: WIRELESS NETWORKS
Course Category: Programme Elective Credits: 3

Course Type: Theory Lecture - Tutorial -Practice: 3-0-0

Prerequisites: None Continuous Evaluation: 30

Semester end Evaluation: 70
Total Marks: 100

Course Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
outcomes
CO1 Differentiate the architecture of various wireless networks.
CO2 Infer the role of network layer in wireless networks.
Demonstrate the understanding of the Transmission Control Protocol
CO3
(TCP) & its improvements for wireless networks.
CO4 Understand the network architecture of wireless wide area networks.

Contribution PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO PSO

of Course 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
Outcomes
towards CO1 2 1 1 2 1
achievement
of Program CO2 2 3 3 2 1
Outcomes
(1 – Low, CO3 2 3 3 1 2 1
2 - Medium,
3 – High) CO4 1 2 1 2 1

Course UNIT I:
Content WIRELESS LAN: Introduction-WLAN technologies: Infrared, UHF
narrowband, spread spectrum -IEEE802.11: System architecture, protocol
architecture, physical layer, MAC layer, 802.11b, 802.11a – Hiper LAN:
HiperLAN2 – Bluetooth: Architecture, Radio Layer, Baseband layer, Link
manager Protocol, security – IEEE802.16-WIMAX: Physical layer, MAC,
Spectrum allocation for WIMAX., IOT & M2M networks. (12Hrs.)

UNIT II:
MOBILE NETWORK LAYER: Introduction – Mobile IP: IP packet delivery,
Agent discovery, tunneling and encapsulation, IPV6-Network layer in the
internet- Mobile IP session initiation protocol – mobile ad-hoc network: Routing,
Destination Sequence distance vector, Dynamic source routing, 6LOWPAN.
(11Hrs.)
UNIT III:
MOBILE TRANSPORT LAYER: TCP enhancements for wireless protocols –
Traditional TCP: Congestion control, fast retransmit/fast recovery, Implications
of mobility – Classical TCP improvements: Indirect TCP, Snooping TCP, Mobile
TCP, Time out freezing, Selective retransmission, Transaction oriented TCP –
TCP over 3G wireless networks. (11Hrs.)

UNIT IV:
WIRELESS WIDE AREA NETWORK: Overview of UTMS Terrestrial Radio
access network-UMTS Core network Architecture: 3GMSC, 3G-SGSN, 3G-
GGSN, SMS-GMSC/SMS-IWMSC, Firewall, DNS/DHCP-High speed Downlink
packet access (HSDPA)- LORAWAN. (11Hrs.)
Text books and Text Books:
Reference 1. Jochen Schiller, ”Mobile Communications”, Second Edition, Pearson
books Education 2012.(Unit-I,II,III)
2. Vijay Garg , “Wireless Communications and networking”, First Edition,
Elsevier 2007.(Unit-IV)
Reference Books:
1. Clint Smith, P.E.Daniel Collins, "Wireless Networks: Design and Integration
for LTE, EVDO, HSPA, and WiMAX", Third Edition, McGraw-Hill
Education, 2014.
2. Erik Dahlman, Stefan Parkvall, Johan Skold and Per Beming, “3G Evolution
HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband”, Second Edition, Academic Press,
2008.
3. Anurag Kumar, D.Manjunath, Joy kuri, “Wireless Networking”, First
Edition, Elsevier 2011.
4. Simon Haykin, Michael Moher, David Koilpillai, “Modern Wireless
Communications”, First Edition, Pearson Education 2013.
E-resources 1. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106105160/
and other 2. http://www.nptelvideos.in/2012/12/wireless-communication.html
digital material
20EC7402D:VLSI SIGNAL PROCESSING

Course Category: Programme Elective Credits: 3

Course Type: Theory Lecture - Tutorial -Practice: 3-0-0

Prerequisites: 20EC3304: Digital Circuit Design, Continuous Evaluation: 30

20EC5301: VLSI Design Semester end Evaluation: 70
20EC5302: Digital Signal Total Marks: 100
Processing

Course Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
Outcomes
CO1 Demonstrate DSP algorithm representations, pipelining and parallel
processing concepts in design of high speed or low power applications.

CO2 Identify the techniques to design parallel, time-multiplexed architectures to

optimize speed, power and area.

CO3 Design and analyze FIR digital filters using systolic design methodology

CO4 Design and analyze IIR digital filters using pipelined and parallel
architectures.

Contribution PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO PSO

of Course 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
Outcomes
towards CO1 3 2 3 3 2 2 3 3
achievement
CO2 3 2 3 3 2 2 3 3
of Program
Outcomes CO3 3 2 3 3 2 2 3 3
(1 – Low,
2 - Medium, CO4 3 2 3 3 2 2 3 3
3 – High)
Course UNIT- I
Content Introduction to DSP - Typical DSP algorithms, Representations of DSP
algorithms. Pipelining and Parallel Processing - Introduction, Pipelining of FIR
Digital filters, Parallel Processing, Pipelining and Parallel Processing for Low
Power. (10 Hrs.)

UNIT-II
Retiming - Introduction – Definitions and Properties – Solving System of
Inequalities – Retiming Techniques. Unfolding - Introduction – An Algorithm for
Unfolding – Properties of Unfolding – critical Path, Unfolding and Retiming.
Folding - Introduction -Folding Transform - Register minimization Techniques –
Register minimization in folded architectures. (12 Hrs.)

UNIT-III
Systolic Architecture Design - Introduction – Systolic Array Design
Methodology – FIR Systolic Arrays – Selection of Scheduling Vector.
Fast Convolution - Introduction – Cook-Toom Algorithm – Winogard algorithm –
Iterated Convolution – Cyclic Convolution. (12 Hrs)

UNIT – IV
Pipelined and Parallel Recursive and Adaptive Filters – Introduction -Pipeline
Interleaving in Digital Filters, Pipelining in 1st -Order IIR Digital Filters,
Pipelining in Higher-Order IIR Digital Filters, Parallel processing for IIR Filters,
Combined Pipelining and Parallel Processing for IIR Filters. (10 Hrs)

Text books Text Books:

and 1. Parhi, Keshab K, “VLSI digital signal processing systems: design and
Reference implementation”, John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
books
Reference Books:
1. Khan, Shoab Ahmed, “Digital design of signal processing systems: a practical
approach”, John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
2. Jose E. France, Yannis Tsividis, “Design of Analog – Digital VLSI Circuits
for Telecommunications and Signal Processing”, Prentice Hall, 1994.
3. Medisetti V. K., “VLSI Digital Signal Processing”, IEEE Press USA, 1995.

E-resources 1. http://viplab.cs.nctu.edu.tw/
and other 2. http://people.ece.umn.edu/users/parhi/SLIDES/
digital
material
20EC7403A:DSP PROCESSORS & ARCHITECTURES

Course Category: Program Elective Credits: 3

Course Type: Theory Lecture - Tutorial -Practice: 3-0-0
Prerequisites: 20BS4101-Signals and systems, Continuous Evaluation: 30
20EC5302-Digital Signal Semester end Evaluation: 70
Processing Total Marks: 100

Course Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
outcomes
CO1 Realize the basic constituents of DSP device
CO2 Apprehend architecture of fixed point processor TMS320C54XX
Implement DSP algorithms with assembly language using instruction set of
CO3
TMS320C54X
CO4 Interface various programmable peripheral devices to DSP Processors.
Contribution PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO PSO
of Course 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
Outcomes
towards CO1 3 2 2 1 1 3
achievement
of Program CO2 2 2 2 1 3
Outcomes
(1 – Low, CO3 2 3 2 2 2 1 3
2 - Medium,
3 – High) CO4 2 3 2 2 2 1 3
Course UNIT I:
Content Computational Accuracy in DSP Implementations: Number Formats for Signals
and Coefficients in DSP Systems, Dynamic Range and Precision, Sources of Error
in DSP Implementations, A/D Conversion Errors, DSP Computational Errors, D/A
Conversion Errors.
Architectures for Programmable DSP Devices: Basic Architectural Features,
DSP Computational Building Blocks, Bus Architecture and Memory, Data
Addressing Capabilities, Address Generation Unit, Programmability and Program
Execution, Speed Issues, Features for External Interfacing. (12Hrs )
UNIT II:
Programmable Digital Signal Processors: Commercial Digital Signal-Processing
Devices, Data Addressing Modes of TMS320C54XX DSPs, Data Addressing
Modes of TMS320C54XX Processors, Memory Space of TMS320C54XX
Processors, Program Control, TMS320C54XX Instructions and Programming, On-
Chip Peripherals, Interrupts of TMS320C54XX Processors, Pipeline Operation of
TMS320C54XX Processors. (11Hrs.)

UNIT III:
Implementations of Basic DSP Algorithms: The Q-notation, FIR Filters, IIR
Filters, Interpolation Filters, Decimation Filters, PID Controller, Adaptive Filters, 2-
D Signal Processing.
Implementation of FFT Algorithms: An FFT Algorithm for DFT Computation, A
Butterfly Computation, Overflow and Scaling, Bit-Reversed Index Generation, An
8-Point FFT Implementation on the TMS320C54XX, Computation of the Signal
Spectrum. (11Hrs.)

UNIT – IV:
Interfacing Memory and I/O Peripherals Programmable DSP Devices: Memory
Space Organization, External Bus Interfacing Signals, Memory Interface, Parallel
I/O Interface, Programmed I/O, Interrupts and I/O, Direct Memory Access (DMA).
A Multichannel Buffered Serial Port (MCBSP), MCBSP Programming.
Analog Devices Family of DSP Devices: DSP-2100 Architecture, ADSP-2101
Architecture.... (12Hrs.)
Text books Text Books:
and 1. Avatar Singh and S.Srinivasan, “DSP Processors and Architectures”, 2004,
Reference Thomson Publications. (Units-I,II,III & IV)
books 2. Digital Signal Processing Applications Using the ADSP-2100 Family by The
Applications Engineering Staff of Analog Devices, DSP Division, Edited by
Amy Mar, PHI

Reference Books:
1. B. Venkataramani and M. Bhaskar, “Digital Signal Processors, Architecture,
Programming and Applications”, 2002, TMH.
2. 2. Jonatham Stein, “Digital Signal Processing”, 2005, John Wiley.
E-resources 1. www.ti.com/lit/ug/spru131g/spru131g.pdf
and other 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signal_processor
digital 3. http://www.scribd.com/doc/8968585/Architecture-of-DSP-Processors
material
20EC7403B: AD HOC & SENSOR NETWORKS
Course Category: Programme Elective Credits: 3

Course Type: Theory Lecture - Tutorial -Practice: 3-0-0

Prerequisites: None Continuous Evaluation: 30

Semester end Evaluation: 70
Total Marks: 100

Course Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
outcomes
CO1 Exemplify the unique issues in ad hoc/sensor networks
Confer the challenges in designing MAC protocols for wireless ad hoc
CO2
networks.
Interpret current technology trends for the implementation of ad hoc routing
CO3
protocols.
Demonstrate the understanding of basic architecture and fundamentals of
CO4
(wireless) MAC protocols.
Contribution PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO PSO
of Course 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
Outcomes
towards CO1 1 2 2
achievement
of Program CO2 1 2 3 1 1 2 2
Outcomes
(1 – Low, CO3 1 2 3 1 1 2 1 2
2 - Medium,
3 – High) CO4 1 2 2 2 1 2

Course UNIT I:
Content
Adhoc Wireless Networks – What is an Ad hoc Network? Heterogeneity in Mobile
Devices – Wireless Sensor Networks – Traffic Profiles – Types of Ad hoc Mobile
Communications – Types of Mobile Host Movements – Challenges Facing Ad hoc
Mobile Networks – Ad hoc wireless Internet. (11Hrs.)

UNIT II:
Issues in Designing a MAC Protocol for Ad hoc Wireless Networks –
Classifications of MAC Protocol . MACAW – FAMA – BTMA – DPRMA – Real-
Time MAC protocol – Multichannel protocols – Power aware MAC Routing
Protocols for Ad hoc Networks. (11Hrs.)
UNIT III:
Issues in Designing a Routing Protocol for Ad hoc Wireless Networks –
Classifications of Routing Protocols -Table-driven protocols – DSDV – WRP –
CGSR – On-Demand protocols – DSR – AODV – TORA – LAR – ABR – Zone
Routing Protocol – Power Aware Routing protocols. Issues in Designing a Multicast
Routing Protocol – Operation of Multicast Routing Protocols – An Architecture
Reference Model for Multicast Routing Protocols. (12Hrs.)

UNIT IV:
Sensor Networks – Architecture : Single node architecture – Hardware components,
Network architecture, MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks, Fundamentals
of (wireless) MAC protocols, Low duty cycle protocols and wakeup concepts, S-
MAC, Contention-based protocols, CSMA protocols, Schedule-based protocols,
LEACH, The IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol. (11Hrs.)
Text books Text Books:
and 1. C. Siva Ram Murthy and B. S. Manoj, ―Ad Hoc Wireless Networks
Reference Architectures and Protocols, Pearson, 2008. ( Unit I, II & III)
books 2. Holger Karl and Andreas Willig “Protocols and Architectures for Wireless
Sensor Networks”, Wiley, 2005. (Unit IV)

Reference Books:
1. C. K. Toh, - Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks: Protocols and Systems,
Prentice Hall, 2001.
2. Carlos De Morais Cordeiro, Dharma Prakash Agrawal “Ad Hoc & Sensor
Networks: Theory and Applications”, World Scientific Publishing Company,
2006.
3. Feng Zhao and Leonides Guibas, “Wireless Sensor Networks”, Elsevier
Publication – 2002.
E-resources 1. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106/105/106105160/
and other
digital
material
20EC7203C: SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE MODELING
Course Category: Program Elective Credits: 3
Course Type: Theory Lecture - Tutorial -Practice: 3-1-0
Prerequisites: Basic Electronics Continuous Evaluation: 30
VLSI Design Semester end Evaluation: 70
Total Marks: 100

Course Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
outcomes
Understand MOS capacitor working principles, modes of operations,
CO1
electrostatics of MOS, and properties of semiconductors.
Analyse the physics of MOSFET, evaluate the current-voltage
CO2 characteristics, understand MOSFET reliability issues, and analyse
advanced MOSFETs.
Understand the principles of Silicon on Insulator MOSFET, analyse
CO3 intrinsic MOSFET capacitances and resistances, and evaluate FDSOI MOS
and its sub-threshold slope.
Understand the theory of Ballistic nano transistors, evaluate the modeling
of Ballistic planer and nanowire-FET, and analyze advanced MOSFETs
CO4
such as Strain Engineered Channel materials, Electrostatics of double gate,
and Fin-FET device.
Contribution PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO PSO
of Course 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
Outcomes
towards CO1 3 3 2 2 3
achievement
CO2 3 3 2 2 3
of Program
Outcomes CO3 3 3 2 2 3
(1 – Low,
2 - Medium,
CO4 3 3 2 2 3
3 – High)
Course UNIT I:
Content MOS Transistor Basics: Electrons and holes in silicon, P-N junction, n-p-n
Transistors, Ideal current-voltage characteristics, Characteristics of a typical n-p-
n transistor, Energy band diagram of PN Diode, BJT, and MOSFET, MOSFET
Mode of Operations, CV characteristics of MOS, low frequency and high
frequency capacitor-voltage characteristics, Non-idealities in MOS, oxide fixed
charges, interfacial charges, Poly-Silicon contact and poly silicon properties,
Electrostatics of non-uniform substrate doping, carrier transport in insulating
films, ultrathin gate-oxide. ( 10 Hrs.)
UNIT II:
MOSFET: Drift-Diffusion Approach for current-voltage analysis, Gradual
Channel Approximation, channel conductance, transconductance, MOSFET
variants, MOSFET equivalent circuit, Sub-threshold current and slope, Body
effect, mobility behavior, temperature behaviors MOSFET two dimensional
effects, buried channels, effect of ion implantation on threshold voltage, High
field effects and MOSFET reliability issues. (12 Hrs.)

UNIT III:
SOI: Leakage mechanisms in thin gate oxide, High-K-Metal Gate MOSFET
devices and technology issues, Intrinsic MOSFET capacitances and resistances,
SOI, FDSOI and PDSOI, VT definitions, Back gate coupling and body effect
parameter, IV characteristics of FDSOI-FET, FDSOI-sub-threshold slope,
Floating body effect, SOI materials: sapphire, zirconia, spinel, and calcium
fluoride. (12 Hrs.)
UNIT – IV:
Advanced Nano-Transistors: Modern bipolar transistor structures, Quasi
Ballistic & Ballistic Transports, theory of ballistic nano transistors, Ballistic
planer and nanowire-FET modeling: semi-classical and quantum treatments
Advanced MOSFETs: Electrostatics of double gate, and Fin-FET device, high-
k/metal gate Fin-FET. ( 10 Hrs.)
Textbooks Textbooks:
and 1. S.M. Sze& Kwok K. Ng, Physics of Semiconductor Devices, Wiley
Reference 2. B. G. Streetman, S. K. Banerjee, Solid State Electronic Devices, Pearson,
books 2016.
Reference Books:
1. N. Arora, MOSFET modeling for VLSI Simulation: Theory and Practice,
World
2. YannisTsividis, Operation and Modeling of the MOS Transistor, Oxford
University Press
E-resources 1. https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-
and other 012-microelectronic-devices-and-circuits-fall-2009/lecture-notes/
digital
material
20EC7202D: SMART ANTENNAS

Course Category: Program Elective- Credits: 3

Course Type: Theory Lecture - Tutorial -Practice: 3-0-0
Prerequisites: 20EC7301: Antennas and Wave Continuous Evaluation: 30
Propagation Semester end Evaluation: 70
Total Marks: 100

Course Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
outcomes
CO1
Describe the configuration and architecture of antennas in a smart antenna
system.
CO2 Understand the concept of direction of arrival and beam forming.
CO3 Implement and apply different adaptive algorithms for the antenna.
CO4 Familiarize with CDMA techniques for smart antenna system.

Contribution PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO PSO

of Course 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
Outcomes
towards
CO1 2 3 3 3 1
achievement
of Program 3 2 3 3 3 1
CO2
Outcomes
(1– Low, CO3 3 2 2 3 1
2 - Medium,
3 – High) CO4 2 2 1 3 3 1

Course UNIT I
Content Introduction to Smart Antennas: Need for Smart Antennas, Overview, Smart
Antenna Configurations, Space Division Multiple Access, Architecture of Smart
Antenna System, Benefits, Drawbacks, Basic Principles, Mutual Coupling Effects.
(10 Hrs)

UNIT-II
DOA Estimation Fundamentals: Introduction The Array Response Vector, Received
Signal Model, The Subspace Based Data Model, Signal Auto covariance Matrices
,Conventional DOA Estimation Methods, Conventional Beam forming Method,
Capon’s Minimum Variance Method, Subspace Approach to DOA Estimation ,The
MUSIC Algorithm, The ESPRIT Algorithm, Uniqueness of DOA Estimates.
(12 Hrs)
UNIT- III
Beam forming Fundamentals: The Classical Beam former-Statistically Optimum
Beam forming Weight Vectors, The Maximum SNR Beam former, The Multiple Side
lobe Canceller and the Maximum, SINR Beam former- Minimum Mean Square Error
(MMSE),Direct Matrix Inversion (DMI), Linearly Constrained Minimum Variance
(LCMV) , Adaptive Algorithms for Beam forming ,The Least Mean-Square (LMS)
Algorithm, The Recursive Least Squares (RLS) Algorithm. (12
Hrs)

UNIT- IV
Smart Antenna Techniques for CDMA:Non-coherent CDMA spatial processors,
coherent CDMA spatial processors and the spatial processing rake receiver, multi-user
spatial processing, dynamic re-sectoring using smart antennas, downlink beam forming
for CDMA. (10Hrs)

Text books Text Books:

and Reference 1. C. A. Balanis& P. I. Ioannides, “Introduction to Smart Antennas”, Morgan &
books Claypool Publication.
2. Joseph C. Liberti, Theodore S. Rappaport, Smart Antennas for Wireless
Communications: IS95 and third generation CDMA Applications, Prentice Hall
Communications Engineering and Emerging Technologies Series

Reference Books:
1. Gross F. B., Smart Antennas for Wireless Communications with MATLAB,
McGraw-Hill, New York, 2005.
2. Ahmed El Zooghby, ‘Smart Antenna Engineering’, Artech House, INC, 2005.
E-resources 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_antenna
and other 2. https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/low-cost-smart-
digital antennas/9781119422778/c01. xhtml
material
20EC7404A: DATA COMPRESSION

Course Category: Program Elective Credits: 3

Course Type: Theory Lecture - Tutorial -Practice: 3-0-0
Prerequisites: 20EC3305Probability theory Continuous Evaluation: 30
and Random Process, Semester end Evaluation: 70
20EC6404:Image and Video Total Marks: 100
processing

Course Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
outcomes
CO1 Analyze the different lossless data compression methods
Develop Uniform and non- uniform quantization techniques for lossy
CO2
compression

CO3 Design structure of vector quantization for lossy compression

Understand and apply different Transform Coding techniques and

CO4
compression standards.
Contribution PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO PSO
of Course 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 l 2
Outcomes 2
CO1 3 3 2 2 2
towards
achievement of CO2 3 3 2 2 2 2
Program
Outcomes CO3 3 3 2 2 2 2
(1 – Low,
2 - Medium, 2
CO4 3 3 2 2 2
3 – High)
Course UNIT I:
Content Introduction to Compression: Different compression techniques, Lossy and
Lossless compression, compression ratio.
Huffman Coding: Huffman coding algorithms, Minimum Variance Huffman
Codes, Canonical Huffman Codes, Length-Limited Huffman Codes, Length of
Huffman Codes, Extended Huffman Codes, non binary Huffman coding,
adaptive Huffman coding, applications of Huffman coding.
Arithmetic Coding: Introduction to arithmetic coding, coding a sequence-
Generating a Tag, Deciphering the Tag. Comparison of Huffman and
arithmetic coding, Applications of Arithmetic Coding. (12 Hrs.)

UNIT II
Scalar Quantization: Introduction, the quantization problem, Uniform
Quantizer - Uniform Quantization of a Uniformly Distributed Source,
Uniform Quantization of Non-Uniform Sources Mismatch Effects, Adaptive
quantization - Forward Adaptive Quantization, Backward Adaptive
Quantization, Non uniform quantization - pdf -Optimized Quantization,
Companded Quantization. (11 Hrs.)

UNIT-III
Vector Quantization: Introduction to vector quantization, advantages of
vector quantization over scalar quantization, Linde-Buzo-Gray Algorithm, tree
structured vector quantization, design of Tree-Structured Vector Quantizers,
Structured vector quantization. (10 Hrs.)
.
UNIT-IV
Transform Coding for Image Compression:
Introduction, KL transform, DCT, DST, Discrete Walsh Hadamard
Transform, quantization and coding of transform coefficients
Compression standards:
Audio Coding: Introduction, MPEG audio coding, MPEG advanced audio
coding.
Image Compression: JPEG, JPEG-LS, JPEG 2000.
(12 Hrs.)
Text books Text Book:
and Reference 1. Introduction to Data Compression, 3rd Edition, Khalid Sayood, Morgan
books Kauffman.
Reference:
1. Salomon, D., MoŠa, G. Handbook of Data Compression. (2010) Springer.
E-resources 1. http://rahilshaikh.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/6/3/11635894/data_compressio
and other n.pdf
digital 2. https://www.elsevier.com/books/introduction-to-data-
material
compression/sayood/978-0-12-620862-7
3. http://ceng2.ktu.edu.tr/~cakir/files/sistemlab/Handbook%20of%20Data%
20Compression,%205th%20Edition.pdf.
20EC7204B: REMOTE SENSING & GIS
Course Category: Open Elective Credits: 3
Course Type: Theory Lecture - Tutorial -Practice: 3-0-0
Prerequisites: - Continuous Evaluation: 30
Semester end Evaluation: 70
Total Marks: 100

Course Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
outcomes
CO1 Infer the basic concepts of Remote Sensing.
Understand the concepts of Remote Sensing Platforms & GIS
CO2
Fundamentals.
Comprehend the basics of image processing and its relevance to remote
CO3
sensing.
Demonstrate the understanding of different Applications of Remote
CO4
sensing in daily life.
Contribution PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO PSO
of Course 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
Outcomes 1 1
CO1 1 1 1
towards
achievement CO2 2 1 1 1
of Program
Outcomes CO3 3 2 2 1 2
(1 – Low,
2 - Medium, 1 1
CO4 1 1 2
3 – High)
Course UNIT I:
Content Concept of Remote Sensing: Introduction, Distance of Remote Sensing,
Definition of Remote Sensing, Data, Remote Sensing Process, Source of
Energy, Interaction with Atmosphere, Interaction with Target, Recording of
Energy by Sensor, Transmission-Reception and Processing, Interpretation and
Analysis, Applications of Remote Sensing, Advantages of Remote Sensing,
Limitations of Remote Sensing, Ideal Remote Sensing System. (12Hrs.)

UNIT II:
Remote Sensing Platforms and Sensors: Introduction, Satellite System
Parameters, Sensor Parameters.
Fundamentals of GIS: Introduction, Roots of GIS, Overview of Information
System, The Four Ms, GIS Architecture, Theoretical Models of GIS. (9Hrs.)
UNIT III:
Digital Image Processing: Introduction, Basic Character of Digital Image,
Preprocessing, Image Registration, Image Enhancement Techniques, Spatial
Filtering Techniques, Image Classification. (10Hrs)

UNIT – IV:
Urban and Municipal Applications: Introduction, The Role of Satellite
Imagery and Other Data Sets, The Indicator Function of Urban Land Uses,
Appropriate Methodologies, An Analysis System.
Forest Resources Management: Introduction, Geomatics in Forestry, Forest
Cover Mapping and Change Detection, Dynamics of Forest Ecosystem and
Forest Canopy, Forest Damage Assessment.
Natural Disaster Management: Landslides: Introduction, Major types of
Landslides, Common Features of Landslides, Causes of Landslides and Related
Phenomena, Landslide Analysis. (14Hrs)

Text books Text Books:

and 1. Remote Sensing and GIS, Basudeb Bhatta, Second Edition, Oxford Higher
Reference Education, 2008. (Unit - I)
books 2. Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems, M Anji Reddy,
Fourth Edition, BS Publications, 2017. (Unit II, III, IV)

Reference Books:
1. Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, Thomas M Lillesand, Ralph W.
Kiefer, Jonathan W. Chipman, Fifth Edition, Wiley, 2009.
E-resources 1. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/105108077/
and other 2. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/121107009/
digital
material
20EC7404/C: OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS

Course Category: Programme Elective Credits: 3

Course Type: Theory Lecture - Tutorial -Practice: 3-0-0
Prerequisites: - Continuous Evaluation: 30
Semester end Evaluation: 70
Total Marks: 100

Course Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
outcomes
Infer various building blocks of optical fiber communication (OFC)
CO1
system.
CO2 Understand dispersion and attenuation in the OFC system.
CO3 Comprehend the characteristics of optical sources
Demonstrate the understanding of Photo detectors and optical fiber
CO4
measurements
Contribution PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO PSO
of Course 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
Outcomes
CO1 3 2 1 1 2
towards
achievement CO2 3 1 1 1 2
of Program
Outcomes CO3 3 2 2 1 2
(1 – Low,
2 - Medium, CO4 3 1 1 1 2
3 – High)
Course UNIT I:
Content Introduction: Historical Development, General System, Advantages of
Optical Fibers.
Optical Fiber Waveguides: Ray Theory Transmission, Electromagnetic
Mode Theory for Optical Propagation, Cylindrical Fibers, Single Mode
Fibers.
Optical Fibers: Introduction, Preparation of Optical Fibers, Liquid Phase
Techniques, Vapour Phase Deposition Techniques. (12 Hrs.)

UNIT II:
Transmission Characteristics of Optical Fibers: Introduction, Attenuation,
Material Absorption Losses in Silicon Glass Fibers, Linear Scattering Losses,
Non-Linear Scattering Losses, Fiber Bend Loss.
Dispersion: Chromatic Dispersion, Inter model Dispersion, Overall Fiber
Dispersion, Dispersion-modified Single Mode Fibers, Polarization.
Fiber Optic Connections: Fiber Alignment & Joint Loss, Fiber Splices,
Fiber Connectors. (13 Hrs.)

UNIT III:
Optical Sources-LED: Introduction, LED Power & Efficiency, LED
Structures, LED Characteristics.
Optical Sources-LASER: Basic Concepts, Optical Emission from
Semiconductors, Semi Conductor Injection Laser, some injection Laser
Structures, Single Frequency Injection Lasers, Injection Laser Characteristics,
Injection Laser to Fiber Coupling. (10 Hrs.)

UNIT IV:
Optical Detectors: Introduction, Optical Detection Principles, Absorption,
Quantum Efficiency, Responsitivity, Semiconductor Photo Diode without
Internal Gain, Semiconductor Photo Diode with Internal Gain, Mid-infrared
and far-infrared photodiodes, Photo Transistors.
Optical Fiber Measurements: Introduction, Fiber Attenuation Measurement,
Fiber Dispersion Measurement, Fiber Refractive Index Profile Measurements,
Field Measurements: Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR). (10 Hrs )
Text books and Text Books:
Reference 1. John M Senior, “Optical Fiber Communications: Principles and Practice”,
books 3rd edition, 2009, PHI, (Units - I, II, III & IV)
Reference books:
1. Gerd Keiser, “Optical Fiber Communication”, 3 rd edition , 2003, Mc
Graw Hill.
2. Kolimbiris, “Fiber Optics Communication”, 1 st edition, 2003, McGraw
Hill, Prentice Hall.
3. Djafar K Mynbaev and Lowell L. Scheiner, “Fiber Optic Communication
Technology”, 2006, Pearson Education.
E-resources 1. https://archive.nptel.ac.in/courses/108/106/108106167/
and other 2. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108104113
digital material
20EC4704 D: ELECTRONIC SYSTEM DESIGN
Course Category: Program Elective Credits: 3
Course Type: Theory Lecture - Tutorial -Practice: 3-0-0
Prerequisites: --- Continuous Evaluation: 30
Semester end Evaluation: 70
Total Marks: 100

Course
outcomes Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
Identify and analyze the different stages of the electronic product life
CO1 cycle and explain the key considerations for each stage.

Customize the architecture and understand the protection requirements

CO2 of system

Evaluate the performance and reliability of electronic systems, and

CO3 identify areas for improvement and further development

Illustrate and summarize the need for EMC design techniques to

CO4 ensure compliance with EMC standards.
Contribution PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO PSO
of Course 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
Outcomes
towards CO1 2 2 1 2 2 2
achievement
CO2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
of Program
Outcomes CO3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2
(1 – Low,
2 - Medium, CO4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 – High)
UNIT I: Design Process and its Fundamentals
Course Life cycle of electronic products, design and development process, guidance for
Content product planning, design and development- planning development work,
information flow, feasibility study during product planning, task definition and
conceptual stage, functional specification, scheduling, technical drawings,
circuit diagrams, computer aided design. (10 Hrs.)

UNIT II: System Architecture and Protection Requirements

Introduction – terminology, functions and structures, system characteristics of
devices, system environment, system functions, system structure, system design
architecture, system granularity, system assembly, system integration in
environment, Electronic system levels, system protection - CE designation,
protection classes, IP codes of enclosures with case study. (13 Hrs.)

UNIT III: Reliability Analysis

Introduction, calculation principles – probability terminology, reliability
terminology, reliability parameters, exponential distribution, reliability
distributions, reliability parameters and the exponential distribution, failure of
electronic components – drift, reference and operating conditions, failure rates
of electronic components, derating, accuracy of failure rates, failure of
electronic systems – calculation principles, network modelling – serial and
parallel systems, reliability analysis of electronic systems – preliminaries,
availability of repairable systems, electronic systems without redundancy –
serial systems, electronic systems with redundancy – parallel systems, service
and maintenance of electronic systems, recommendations for improving
reliability of electronic systems. (12 Hrs.)

UNIT – IV: Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)

Introduction, coupling between system components, conductive coupling,
capacitive coupling, inductive coupling, electromagnetic coupling, grounding
electronic systems – description of reference grounds, reference systems
schemes (grounding systems), return conductor to the reference point for digital
signals, return conductor to the reference point for analog signals, ground
loops, shielding from fields – shielding fundamentals, shielding magneto static
fields, shielding magneto quasi static fields, shielding electrostatic fields.
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), Causes of ESD, ESD-Suppression Measures.
Case study of any Electronic system for EMC and ESD.
(10 Hrs.)
Text books Text Books:
and 1. Jens Lienig, Hans Bruemmer “Fundamentals of Electronic System
Reference design”. Springer International Publishing, 2017.
books
Reference Books:
1. H. Kerzner, Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning,
Scheduling, and Controlling, Wiley, 11th edition, 2013.
2. H. W. Ott, Electromagnetic Compatibility Engineering, 1st edition, Wiley,
2009.
3. A. Birolini, Reliability Engineering. Theory and Practice, 7th edition,
Springer, 2014

E-resources 1. https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/16-863j-system-safety-spring-
and other 2016/resources/mit16_863js16_lecnotes7/
digital 2. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc23_ge20
material 3. https://archive.nptel.ac.in/noc/courses/noc19/SEM1/noc19-ee17/
20EC7205A: An Introduction to Semiconductor Manufacturing and Process
Control
Course Category: Open Elective-3 Credits: 3
Course Type: Theory Lecture - Tutorial -Practice: 3-0-0
Prerequisites: 17PH1102:Engineering Physics Continuous Evaluation: 30
17EC3402 Analog Integrated Semester end Evaluation: 70
Circuits and Applications Total Marks: 100
17EC3401 :Probability Theory and
Random Processes

Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1 Understand semiconductor manufacturing
CO2 Analyze process monitoring techniques
Course CO3 Model the yield.
Outcomes CO4 Design the process control and statistics of experiments.

Contribution PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO PSO

of Course 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
Outcomes 2 1
towards CO1 3 2 2 1 1
achievement
of Program CO2 3 2 2 1 1 2 1
Outcomes 1
(1 – Low, CO3 3 2 2 1 1 2
2 Medium, 1
CO4 3 2 3 1 1 2
3 – High)
UNIT-I Introduction to Semiconductor Manufacturing
Modern Semiconductor Manufacturing Unit Processes , Process Sequences ,
Information Flow, Process Organization, Goals of Manufacturing, Cost, Quality
,Variability, Yield, Reliability, Manufacturing Systems, Continuous Flow, Batch
Processes
Technology Overview
Course Photolithography, Exposure Tools, Masks, Photoresist, Pattern Transfer, E-Beam
Content Lithography, X-Ray Lithography. (12 hrs )

UNIT-II Process Monitoring

Wafer State Measurements Process Flow and Key Measurement Points, Wafer
State Measurements, Blanket Thin Film, Interferometry, Ellipsometry, Quartz
Crystal Monitoring, Product Monitoring, Test Structures, Final Test.
Equipment State Measurements, Thermal Operations, Temperature, Pressure,
Gas Flow. (12 Hrs)

UNIT-III Statistical Fundamentals and Yield Modeling

Probability Distributions, Discrete Distributions, Hypergeometric, Binomial,
Poisson, Pascal, Continuous Distributions, Normal, Exponential, Sampling from
Normal Distribution, Chi-Square Distribution.
Introduction of Yield: Definitions of Yield Components, Functional Yield
Models Poisson Model, Murphy’s Yield Integral, Defect Density, Critical Area,
Global Yield Loss. (10 Hrs)

UNIT-IV Statistical Process Control and Process Modeling

Regression Modeling Single-Parameter Model, Residuals, Standard Error,
Analysis of Variance, Multivariate Models, Nonlinear Regression, Regression
Chart
Run-by-Run Control with Constant Term Adaptation Single-Variable
Methods, Gradual Drift, Abrupt Shifts, Multivariate Techniques, Exponentially
Weighted Moving-Average, (EWMA) Gradual Model. (11hrs)
Text books Text books:
and 1. May, Gary S., and Costas J. Spanos. Fundamentals of Semiconductor
Reference Manufacturing and Process Control. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience, 2006.
books ISBN: 9780471784067
2. Montgomery, Douglas C. Introduction to Statistical Quality Control. 5th ed.
New York, NY: Wiley, 2004. ISBN: 9780471656319
References:
1. Kalpakjian, S. Manufacturing Processes for Engineering Materials. 3rd ed.
Menlo Park, CA: Addison Wesley, 1996. ISBN: 9780201823707.
2. Devor, R. E., T. Chang, and J. W. Sutherland. Statistical Quality Design and
Control. New York, NY: Macmillan, 1992. ISBN: 9780023291807.
3. Hogg, R. V., and J. Ledotter. Engineering Statistics. New York, NY:
Macmillan, 1987. ISBN: 9780023557903.
4. Bendat, J. S., and A. G. Piersol. Random Data. 2nd ed. New York, NY:
Wiley Interscience, 2000. ISBN: 9780471317333.
5. Ogata, Katsuhiko. Modern Control Engineering. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Prentice Hall, 1996. ISBN: 9780132273077.
6. Friedland, B. Control System Design. New York, NY: McGraw Hill, 1985.
ISBN: 9780070224414.
E- resources 1. https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-830j-control-of-manufacturing-processes-sma-
and other 6303-spring-2008/
digital
material
20EC7205B : MEMS TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS
Course Category: Open Elective-3 Credits: 3
Course Type: Theory Lecture - Tutorial -Practice: 3-0-0
Prerequisites: 20EC3302:Analog Electronics, Continuous Evaluation: 30
20EC6302:Linear Integrated Semester end Evaluation: 70
Circuit Applications Total Marks: 100

Course Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
outcomes
CO1 Understand the fundamentals and analysis of MEMS Technology.

CO2 Understand the design of a Microsystem and its packaging technologies.

Understand and analyze the different stages involved in the MEMS

CO3
fabrication process flow and their impact on the final product.
Understand the concepts and design of MEMS switches and their
CO4
applications.
Contribution PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO PSO
of Course 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
Outcomes
CO1 3 3 2 1 1 2
towards
achievement CO2 3 2 2 1 1 1
of Program
Outcomes CO3 3 3 2 2 2 2
(1 – Low,
2 - Medium, CO4 3 3 2 2 2 2
3 – High)
Course UNIT- I
Content Introduction to MEMS: Introduction, miniaturization, Advantages of MEMS,
working principles of pressure, thermal sensors, accelerometers (3, and 6 axis),
Gyroscope, micro actuation: Basics of actuation, actuation using piezo electric
crystals, actuation using electrostatic forces, micro structural elements: bending
movement and strain, flexural rigidity, boundary conditions, spring
combinations, concept of micro cantilever (12 Hrs)

UNIT- II
Micro system design and packaging technologies: Scaling laws in
miniaturization, Engineering mechanics: static bending of thin plates,
mechanical vibrations, thermo mechanics, fluid flow in nano scale. Micro
system Design: Introduction, design considerations, process design, mechanical
design, micro system packaging and essential packaging technologies. (11 Hrs)
UNIT- III
Fabrication methods: Materials for MEMS fabrication, Wafer selection,
Lithography, diffusion, oxidation, wet and dry etching, RIE, Film deposition,
epitaxial layers, Introduction to Micromachining, surface micromachining:
Basic process flow, release, stiction, material choices, bulk micromachining,
comparison of bulk and surface micromachinings, LIGA and UE-LIGA
process, Lift off. (11 Hrs)
UNIT – IV
MEMS Switches: Integration and biasing issues for RF switches - Actuation
mechanisms for MEMS devices- Electrostatic switching - Approaches for low-
actuation-voltage switches - Mercury contact switches - Magnetic switching -
Electromagnetic switching - Thermal switching.
Applications of MEMS-Switches: Introduction- Switch parameters- Basics of
switching - Mechanical switches - Electronic switches for RF and microwave
applications - Mechanical RF switches - PIN diode RF switches –RF. (11 Hrs)
Text books Text Books:
and 1. Tai-Ran Hsu, “MEMS and Microsystems: Design and Manufacture”, Tata
Reference McGraw Hill, 2002.
books 2. Marc J. Madou “Fundamentals of MICROFABRICATION”, CRC Press,
2nd edition,2002.
3. Gabriel M. Rebeiz, “RF MEMS Theory, Design and Technology”, Wiley
India Pvt Ltd.

Reference Books:
4. Stephen D. Senturia, “Microsystem Design”, Springer International
Edition, 2010.
5. Maluf, M., “An Introduction to Microelectromechanical Systems
Engineering”. Artech House, Boston 2000.
6. Mohamed Gad-el-Hak, The MEMS Handbook, CRC Press, 2002.
2. Chang Liu, “Foundations of MEMS”, 2nd Edition, Pearson Publication.
E-resources 1. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/117105082/4
and other 2. https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-
digital 777j-design-and-fabrication-of-microelectromechanical-devices-spring-
material 2007/lecture-notes/
3. https://www.edx.org/course/micro-nanofabrication-mems-epflx-memsx-0
20EC7206/A: COMPUTER VISION
Course Category: Open Elective -4 Credits: 3
Course Type: Theory Lecture - Tutorial -Practice: 3-0-0
Prerequisites: 20BS4101-Signals and systems, Continuous Evaluation: 30
20BS1101-Matrices And Semester end Evaluation: 70
differential calculus Total Marks: 100

Course Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
outcomes
Describe different image representations, their mathematical representations
CO1
and data structures.
CO2 Classify different segmentation algorithms for a given image.
CO3 Create a 3D object from given set of images.
CO4 Detect a moving object in video using the concept of motion analysis.
Contribution PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO PSO
of Course 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
Outcomes
towards CO1 3 3 3 2 1 1 3
achievement
of Program CO2 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 1 1 3
Outcomes
(1 – Low, CO3 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 1 1 3
2 - Medium,
3 – High) CO4 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 1 1 3
Course UNIT I:
Content Image representations and mathematical background: Idea of image
representations, Image digitization, Digital image properties, Linear integral
transforms, Images as stochastic processes, Image formation physics.
Data structures for image analysis: Levels of image data representation,
Traditional image data structures, Hierarchical data structures, Image understanding-
fitting via random sample consensus, Point distribution model. (12 Hrs.)

UNIT II:
Segmentation: Mean shift segmentation, Active contour models – snakes,
Geometric deformable model – level sets and geodesic active contours, Fuzzy
connectivity, Towards 3D graph – based image segmentation, Graph cut
segmentation. (11 Hrs.)

UNIT III:
3D vision geometry: 3D vision tasks, basics of projective geometry, A Single
perspective camera, Scene reconstruction from multiple views, Two camera
stereopsis, Use of 3D vision Shape from X, Full 3D objects, 3D model-based vision,
2D view based representations of a 3D scene. (11 Hrs.)

UNIT – IV:
Motion analysis: Different motion analysis methods, Optical flow, Analysis based
on correspondence of interest points, Detection of specific motion patterns, Video
tracking. (11 Hrs.)
Text books Text Book:
and 1. Milan Sonka, Vaclav Hlavac, Roger Boyle, “Digital Image Processing and
Reference Computer Vision” Cengage Learning, 1st Edition, 2008.
books Reference Books:
1. Digital image processing, by Gonzales Woods 3rd Edition, Pearson Education
2. Fundamental of Digital Image Processing by Anil K. Jain, PHI Pub.
E-resources 1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc19_cs58/preview
and other 2. http://luthuli.cs.uiuc.edu/~daf/book/bookpages/pdf/front.pdf
digital 3. http://www.r-5.org/files/books/computers/algo-list/image-
material
processing/vision/Richard_Hartley_Andrew_Zisserman-
Multiple_View_Geometry_in_Computer_Vision-EN.pdf
4. https://www.cs.ccu.edu.tw/~damon/tmp/SzeliskiBook_20100903_draft.pdf
20EC7206/B: GLOBAL NAVIGATIONAL SATELLITE SYSTEM (GNSS)
Course Category: Open Elective-4 Credits: 3
Course Type: Theory Lecture - Tutorial -Practice: 3-0-0
Prerequisites: 20EC5205A-Satellite Continuous Evaluation: 30
Communications Semester end Evaluation: 70
Total Marks: 100

Course Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
outcomes
Demonstrate an understanding of the principles and methods used in
CO1 determining satellite-to-user range for satellite navigation and
positioning.
Describe the architecture and components of the Global Positioning
CO2 System (GPS), including the space, control, and user segments, as well
as the characteristics of GNSS receivers.

CO3 Infer the functionalities and features of GNSS receivers.

Identify and describe the various sources of errors that can affect
CO4
Global Navigation Satellite System
Contribution PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO PSO
of Course 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
Outcomes
towards CO1 2 3 2 1 1 2
achievement
of Program CO2 3 2 2 2 1 2
Outcomes CO3 3 2 2 2 1 2
(1 – Low,
2 - Medium, 2 3 2 1 1 2
3 – High) CO4

Course UNIT I:
Content Introduction: GNSS overview, Global Positioning System, Navigation with
Indian Constellation (NavIC), Concept of Ranging using Time of arrival
Measurements: Two-Dimensional Position Determination, Principle of
Position Determination via Satellite-Generated Ranging Codes,
Fundamentals of satellite orbits: Orbital Mechanics, Positioning
determination using Ranging codes: Determining Satellite-to-User Range.
[10 Hrs]

UNIT II:
Global positioning system: overview: Space Segment Overview, Control
Segment Overview, User Segment Overview, Space segment description:
GPS Satellite Constellation Description, Space Segment Phased Development,
Control segment description: OCS Current Configuration, OCS Transition,
OCS Planned Upgrades, User segment: GNSS Receiver Characteristics.
[10 Hrs]

UNIT III:
GNSS Receiver: Acquisition: Single Trial Detector, Tong Search Detector,
M of N Search Detector, Combined Tong and M of N Search Detectors,
Antennas: Passive antenna, Active Antenna, Smart Antenna, Military
Antenna, carrier tracking: Carrier Loop Discriminator, code tracking:
Carrier Loop Discriminator, sequence of initial receiver operation. GNSS
Disruptions: Interference: Types and Sources, Effects, Interference
Mitigation. [12 Hrs]

UNIT – IV:
GNSS errors: Introduction, Measurement errors: satellite clock error,
ephemeris error, relative effects, atmospheric effects, receiver noise and
resolution, multipath and shadowing effects, hardware bias errors, Pseudo
range error budgets. [10 Hrs]
Text books Text Books:
and Reference 1. Elliott D. Kaplan, Christopher J. Hegarty, Understanding GPS/GNSS
books principles and applications, third edition, artech house publishers, Boston,
2017. (UNITs - I, II, III, IV)
Reference Books:
1. G S Rao, Global Navigational satellite system, Tata McGraw-Hill
education private Ltd, New Delhi, 2010
2. Bhatta, B., 2010. Global Navigation Satellite Systems: Insights Into GPS,
Glonass, Galileo, Compass, and Others, BS Publications, New Delhi.
3. Grewal, M. S., Weill, L. R., Andrews, A. P., 2006. Global Positioning
Systems, Inertial Navigation, and Integration, John Wiley & Sons, New
York.
E-resources 1. https://www.isro.gov.in/media_isro/pdf/SateliteNavigation/irnss_sps_icd_
and other version1.1-2017.pdf
digital
material