CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM 1.

Traditional arts
THE REGIONS REVIEWER! 2. Modern arts
3. Contemporary arts
Traditional vs. Modern vs. Contemporary Arts
TRADITIONAL ARTS:
FUNDAMENTALS OF ART The development of Philippine Art comes in
three major traditions. These are the Ethnic
THE NATURE OF ART: Tradition, Spanish Colonial Tradition, and the
 Art and its appreciation can never be American Colonial and Contemporary
possible without the knowledge of its Traditions.
basic concepts.
 Concept which basically provides 1. ETHNIC ARTS: (PRE COLONIAL
color and substance to our everyday PERIOD)
existence as humans  Are primarily influenced by the
geographical location and the
ART FOR PLATO: experiences of the Filipinos
 Art is merely an imitation or copy of
reality. For him, art is an illusion, a LIST OF ARCHITECTURE IN THE PRE-
collection of reflections. COLONIAL PERIOD
 He stated that true forms were created a. LEAN-TO: is a portable shelter of the
by god and they are all perfect and negritos made of tree branches and
therefore cannot be replicated. twigs, using leaves and fronds for
sidings
ART FOR EUGENE VERON: b. BINURON: is an Isneg house that is
 Art is an external manifestation created regarded as the largest and among the
and produced through lines, most substantially constructed houses in
movements, sounds, colors, and the cordilleras
emotion. c. BALE OR NO-NAIL: the traditional
 This defined the subjectivity of art as an ifugao houses that have been
external manifestation of human feelings constructed without the use of nails. It
and thoughts. was also called “The First Pre-
Fabricated House In The World” By Mr.
ART FOR LEO TOLSTOY: Otley Beyer
 Art is the production of objects or d. TAUSUG HOUSE: typically consists of a
elements from the external environment single rectangular room, bamboo-or
that pleases the senses. timber walled, with a thatched roof,
 Art unifies men as they produce the raised on posts about 2-3 meters above
same feelings and sentiments. the ground.

FUNCTIONS OF ART b. WESTERN ART FORMS:

1. Personal or individual SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
2. Social function  Spanish Colonial Tradition
3. Economic function  Religion and Secularization greatly
4. Political function influenced under the Spanish Regime
5. Historical function SPANISH REGIME
6. Cultural function They came to replace the philippine
7. Functions of art indigenous arts with western art forms.
8. Religious function SECULARIZATION:
9. Aesthetic function Movement demanded the handling
10. Physical function over the parishes from the regular
clergy (Dominicians, Franciscans,
ARTS FROM DIFFERENT PERIODS
Recollects who were Spanish Friars)
to secular priests POST COLONIAL ART: Refers to art
 FRIARS: Supervising the practice of produced in response to the aftermath of
arts in the country with the agenda of colonial rule, frequently addressing issues of
Christianity and maintaining the power national and cultural identity, race and ethnicity
of the colonizers.  Architecture
 Painting
LIST OF SPANISH INFLUENCES THEATER  Sculpture
a. KOMEDYA: is a three act play
combining dramatic and comic
elements VISUAL ARTS OF THE CONTEMPORARY
b. ZARZUELA: is a spanish lyric- PHILIPPINE ARTS
dramatic genre that alternates
between spoken and sung scenes, THE ELEMENTS OF ARTS
the latter incorporating operatic and
popular song, as well as dance  The quality of artistry is gauged through
standards
c. SENAKULO: is a play depicting the
life and sufferings of jesus christ 1. FORM: An element of art that is three-
d. MORO-MORO: is a play that depicts dimensional and encloses volume;
the battle between christians and includes height, width and depth (as in a
muslims in the philippines cube, a sphere, a pyramid, or a
cylinder). Form may also be free flowing
NOTE: 2. LINE: An element of art defined by a
However, despite the strong influence of point moving in space.
Spaniards, the arts in the country did not result 3. COLOR: produced when light strikes on
in pure Western Art but a mix of Western Art images. An element of art made up of
and Indigenous Art. three properties: hue, value, and
intensity.
AMERICAN VIEW  Hue: Name of color/title assign to the
After 300 years of Spanish colonization, the color (yellow, blue, and black)
Americans took over the country which led to  Value: Hue’s lightness and darkness (a
the declaration of the independence on June color’s value changes when white or
12, 1898. black is added)
 Intensity: quality of brightness and
3) AMERICAN PERIOD: purity (High Intensity= color is strong
 Brought many changes in politics, and bright; Low intensity=Color is faint
economy, education and culture of the and dull)
Philippines 4. SPACE: An element of art by which
 EDUCATION: There are filipinos who positive and negative areas are defined
went abroad to study, some studied or a sense of depth achieved in a work
under the tutelage of the american of art
educators, and some learned through 5. TEXTURE: An element of art that refers
observation and personal experience. to the way things feel, or look as if they
 Those who went abroad to study came might feel if touched
back to the country carrying the concept  Smoothness and ruggedness if the
of ―MODERN ART‖ (1860s to 1960s) image or object
6. TIME AND MOTION: Movement in the
CONTEMPORARY ART: refers to the recent visual arts can either be an illusion or an
and current practice of art ranging from the actual motion
1970s up to present. It mirrors the society and
culture of the present times.
art is the stylized and measured
FILIPINO ART TENDENCIES organization of patterns and forms.
 It is almost like the physical
1. BROADEST ASPECT TECHNIQUE: manifestation of the filipino artists’
Filipino artworks often try to show the psyche, individually present and
many sides of an object, depicting how different but in harmonious movement
filipinos think it looks rather than how it with the rest of the forms.
is actually seen.
 This is why many artists often orient
objects showing the biggest and the FINE ARTS OF THE CONTEMPORARY
most familiar angle of an object for PHILIPPINE ARTS
greater recognition.
2. MULTIPLE FOCAL POINTS: Related  Are the artworks we readily associate
with the first tendency, many artists use with art. The term ―fine arts‖ was first
multiple focal points in their composition used to describe the art forms created
in efforts to try to represent the primary
sentiments of the different members of
society.  Paintings and illustrations
3. HIGHLY EXPRESSIVE: Being born in a
very social environment, filipinos are PAINTING AND ILLUSTRATION: Paintings
more emphatic, spontaneous, and may be defined as a two-dimensional form of
emotional. (Depicts emotions) art that showcases artistic expression created
 This tendency holds especially true for on a flat surface. Images are made by applying
the performing arts. Where filipinos pigment on a prepared surface using typically
excel. In the visual arts this is carried one or a combination of the following tools:
over through the colorful artworks. brush, palette knife, spray, finger, etc.
4. POLYCHROMATIC: Filipinos love
color, decorative arts and crafts. This is PAINTING THEMES:
why costumes and festivals are bathed
with rich, vibrant spectrum of colors. 1. RELIGIOUS THEMES: subject for the
5. MAXIMALISM: Filipino art has an artworks during the spanish colonial
inclination to fill up space with forms and times. In the present
ornamentation. Examples: Joey velasco’s ―hapag ng
 This is said to be rooted in the pag-asa‖, renato habulan’s ―boceto pen
expressiveness of the filipinos. A good and ink series shows‖
example of the filipinos proclivity to 2. HISTORICAL THEMES: feat important
decorate can be seen in the public and remarkable part of the history of a
transport vehicle, the jeepney. country.
6. MULTIFUNCTIONAL: Creating works Examples: Rizal native Carlos ―botong‖
that has various uses strengthen the v. Francisco (1912-1969) whose
sense of community with people of masterpiece ―Filipino struggles through
different fascination and requirements. history‖.
 This is one of the given reasons as to 3. PORTRAITURE: used to commemorate
the popularity of mixed media and personalities and are seen in many
installation art with many contemporary formal institutions such as government
filipino artists. These installations and offices.
mediums are often combined with It started during the rise of the ilustrados
indigenous materials and local objects. during the spanish colonial times. It was
7. RHYTHMIC PATTERNS: One of the and has been a symbolism of one’s rise
most recognizable tendencies in filipino to power and wealth.
4. STILL LIFE: work of art that portrays
inanimate objects. It was traditionally 1. ACADEMIC/CLASSICAL STYLE:
composed of a basket or bowl of fruits Classical style follows the aesthetics of
and flowers in vases on a table. the ancient Greeks and romans as
5. LANDSCAPES: depict the beauty of the taught by the European academies
outdoors.
Examples: natural environment such as 2. MODERN STYLE: often abstracted and
the countryside and other rural scenery, is not as particular about the realistic
including seascapes which focuses on portrayal or representation of figures
the imagery of bodies of water. Some compared to the classical style.
landscapes highlight the hustle and
bustle of the city streets and scenes DECORATIVE ARTS AND CRAFTS:
through urban landscapes.
6. NUDE: It depicts bare body and beauty  The decorative arts and crafts of the
of the subject. This subject of painting in contemporary times stem from the
the Philippines, was rare before the traditional indigenous crafts found
twentieth century but has since been an throughout the country. These represent
accepted and popular subject in the tradition and heritage of a certain
Philippine contemporary visual arts. culture.
7. GENRES: paintings whose themes
showcase people doing everyday 1. POTTERY: art and craft of making pots
activities and chores. and other wares using clay or mud.
Pottery tradition in the country has
SCULPTURES survived for centuries.
 Early pottery artifacts have shown the
CLASSIFICATIONS OF SCULPTURE: skills and artistry of our pottery makers.
They made everyday items such as food
FREE STANDING: also known as “in the containers and water vessels, and some
round”, are sculptures that are raised are created for formal and ritualistic
independently in its given space it can be often purposes as burial jars or a figurative
observed from all points of view. mementos.

RELIEFS: reliefs are sculptures that are raised 2. CARVING: art of manipulating and
from a background. Depending on the figure’s creating objects by subtracting and
distance from the background shaping solid material such as wood
It can be classified into bas-relief and high- and stone.
relief.
3. WEAVING: art of interlacing threads or
BAS-RELIEFS OR LOW RELIEFS: Reliefs fibers to create textile, fabric or other
that are slightly protruding from their similar products.
background  Philippine textiles are often made from
HIGH-RELIEFS: reliefs that are prominently indigenous plants such as pinya, abaca,
raised against their background, giving the maguey, and cotton.
sculpture more dimensionality  Example: Ikat process and Basket
weaving
TECHNIQUES IN SCULPTURE:
4. METALWORK: art of creating and
1. SUBTRACTION: used in carving. manipulating metal or create various
2. ADDITION: seen in sculpting techniques items such as jewelry, weapons, etc.
like molding, casting and welding.

SCULPTURE THEMES
 Based on archaeological records and Start with nature/art that is prior to hearing
recovered artifacts, the filipinos were senses
skilled metalworkers. Art that is concerned with combining vocal
or instrumental sounds to create emotional
5. COLLAGE: is the method of combining expression or form
printed images with other flat media and
pasted on a canvas or a board. Collages
create a great variety of texture and DIFFERENT TYPES OF MUSIC:
color not found in traditional painting Form and types of Philippine Music
European influenced religious and Secular
6. ASSEMBLAGE: is a term used by Music
french artist jean dubuffet in 1952 to American Inspired Music
describe series or artworks made from Solo Instrumental Literature
paper collages, wood scraps, and other Symphonic Literature
found objects. Semi classical Music
Popular Music
7. MOBILE: is a sculptural work that is
suspended from the ceiling or a ELEMENTS OF MUSIC
protruding base. It is typically made with
a number of balancing rods dangling in MELODY:
different lengths carrying one or more This refers to the succession of consecutive
elements. notes or tones changing in pitch and
duration.
8. PERFORMANCE ART: mix of visual It is also considered to carry the overall
arts and performing arts. The medium theme of music
used in performance art is the artist It is inseparable from rhythm
himself, and the artwork is the acting
and the movements of the artist. HARMONY:
 Music and sound are often incorporated This may refer to a combination of different
in the performance. A performance, to tones or pitches played or sung together.
be considered performance art, should These notes played or sung together at the
be done in front of a live audience. same time is called a CHORD
Harmony may also involve playing chords
9. INSTALLATION ART: form of successively
contemporary art that involves the
arrangement of objects in a given RHYTHM:
space. It is associated with the This has to do with the patterns in time. It
conceptual art and the dada movement. has three qualities: tempo, meter and
Installation art is intentionally designed rhythmic patterns.
to be experienced as a temporary work Tempo describes how fast or slow the
of art. music is
Meter refers to the unit of time that is made
up of a group of accented and unaccented
PERFORMING ARTS AND LITERATURE beats or pulses
(MUSIC) & (DANCE)
TEXTURE:
MUSIC: This element refers to the relationship of
Considered to be the least tangible of the melodic and harmonic lines in music.
arts Music is considered to have a thicker
The arrangement of sounds to create a texture if it has more melodic lines
continuous and unified composition
DYNAMICS:
This refers to the degree of softness and The song debate is a song involving male
loudness of music and female singers who try to outsmart
This may also include the way of changing each other about a certain topic.
from soft to loud or vice-versa Themes usually include love, courtship, and
marriage
TIMBRE:
Also known as tone color, this refers to the EUROPEAN-INFLUENCED RELIGIOUS
quality of sound generated by an instrument AND SECULAR MUSIC
or by a voice
ART SONG:
FORM: a composition characterized by merging the
This elements refers to how other elements voice part, lyrics, and the accompaniment
of music are organized together ―to achieve an artistic musical
Music can be described if there are whole.‖ Singing an art song requires skill,
repeating sections or melodies, if there is a especially when performed during a concert
contrast among musical instruments and or recital
rhythm, or if there is a variation of the
musical composition HABANERA/ DANZA:
A social dance in duple time.
FORMS AND TYPES OF PHILIPPINE Originally from cuba, this is ususally
MUSIC performed on a stage or in a ballroom.
This is influential as its tempo is used in
ETHNIC TRADITION MUSIC: some contemporary compositions like
Philippine music in ethnic tradition is nicanor abelardo’s ―ikaw rin!‖ And antonio
described to be music that has similar molina’s ―hatinggabi‖
elements with music from our Southeast
Asian neighbors.
This kind of music can still be heard in LITURGICAL MUSIC
northern luzon, mindanao, palawan, and Refers to vocal and instrumental
sulu, where about 10% of the filipino compositions that go together with the
populationn had avoided spanish influence official rites of Christian churches.
Began as early as the Spanish colonial
BALLAD: period and the rise of the roman
Refers to a song that explains an event catholicism.
occurring in a community.
Some ballads were influenced by the KUMINTANG:
Spaniards, such as the composo and Originally documented as a war song, the
pampanga’s ―ing bangkeru‖. Nowadays, the kumintang is a dance of love accompanied
term ―ballad‖ is loosely described as a by a guitar and Bajo De Unas (String Bass).
popular romantic song in the urban areas Its quasi-recitative melody is played by
: Idangdang from bukidnon; Iiyangkit these instruments is in ¾ time.
parang sabil of the tausug.
PASYON CHANT:
Refers to the various styles used
CHANT: throughout the country for the singing of the
This refers to a song with an pasyon.
unaccompanied melody and variable It is typically performed in two group
rhythm. formations: the first involving two persons
This usually found in epic songs or groups singing alternatively and second
involving each person taking his or her turn
SONG DEBATE: in singing
AMERICAN-INSPIRED MUSIC form, it has distinguishing features,
particularly omitting the third movement
CLASSICAL MUSIC called minuet or scherzo
This category of american-influenced music
includes classical music from the western SONATA
world and the classical and modern music Is a work for a solo instrument with four
composed by filipinos. movements. The typical sequence of
Chamber music movement is allegro-andante-minuet (or
Choral music scherzo-allegro).
Opera However, the minuet or scherzo is often
omitted. The result is fast-slow-fast order of
Chamber music: movement
Refers to instrumental music played by a
small ensemble. This makes chamber
music different from other orchestra music SYMPHONIC LITERATURE
because the latter involves several These refers to lengthy orchestral
instrumentalists playing one part compositions
A composition for an orchestra may contain
CHORAL MUSIC: several movements, or may contain one
Involves music written for a group of movement with many sections. Works that
singers. fall under symphonic literature
MONADIC: meaning to be sung together Symphony
or in unison without accompaniment; Suite
HOMOPHONIC: which consists of one Concert overture
melodic line that is accompanied by chords Symphonic poem
or instrumental accompaniment;
POLYPHONIC: which entails two or more SYMPHONY:
distinct and equally significant melodic lines Is considered a sonata written to be played
at the same time by an orchestra. Just like a typical sonata,
the symphony has three or four different
OPERA: movements.
The opera is basically a drama Composing symphonies started as early the
accompanied and sung with instruments. american period. However, there were no
It has a set of structure, consisting of an symphonies documented from 1981-1990
overture, songs for a variety of number of
singers other vocal combinations, and SUITE:
interludes Refers to a well arranged set of individual
movements, which are unified because of
SOLO INSTRUMENTAL LITERATURE: using either a common form of key, or a
This type of music highlights a solo non-musical element. The usual themes
instrument. include scenery and folk songs
This solo instrument may also be
accompanied by another instrument or by a CONCERT OVERTURE:
number of instruments. A composition that is typically written in a
Concerto sonata-allegro form. This has one
Sonata movement with many sections

CONCERTO SYMPHONIC POEM:

Refers to a piece for a solo instrument, or a is also called the tone poem, based on a
group of solo instruments, and an nonmusical poetic or realistic idea.
orchestral ensemble. Although the concerto Themes for symphonic poems include
is derived from the four movement sonata biblical themes and personalities ,,
historical events, literary works and local SAFE PINOY POP:
scenery Or ―middle-of-the-road‖ type of music as
shown in the compositions of apo hiking
SEMI-CLASSICAL MUSIC society and jose mari chan
Musical forms under this category include
the band and rondalla music, hymns, and PINOY FOLK:
marches, sarswela music, and stylized folk Which inspired by simple and repetitive
songs tunes made popular by western folk singers
Band music (pinoy folk music later involved the use of
Marcha/march asian or ethnic musical traditions and
instrumentalities)
BAND MUSIC
refers to a composition created for the band PINOY DISCO MUSIC:
which is a group of brass, percussion, and Which is essentially a filipino adaptation of
a woodwing instruments. Examples of a western disco music
band are brass band, symphonic band,
military band and jazz band RAP:
A band may also refer to groups of Described as a musical form involving a
instruments such a accordion band or fast-paced rhythmic narration accompanied
bamboo band. by electronic musical instruments.
Band music became a very important It is usually performed with dancing. Francis
medium for filipino composers magalona introduced pinoy rap
Band music is still popular and has gained
national attention after the marcos regime PROTEST SONG:
These songs were created and sung to
MARCHA/ MARCH: express and promote ideas on changing the
refers to a compostion with music played in social and political system at that time.
a regular phrases, and a strongly accented (marcos regime)
rhythm, usually in a ¾ time signature
The march is played in some dances or PERFORMING ARTS AND LITERATURE
with marching groups (DANCE)

POPULAR MUSIC ELEMENTS OF DANCE

This category includes original music
composed by filipinos, which utilizes BODY ELEMENT:
western and local musical influences. describes how the body of a dancer moves,
During the 1970’s the mergence of the what part of that body is moving, what
original pilipino music (opm) first began with actions are performed, and how the body
translation of foreign lyrics into the aligns and supports itself
vernacular
Pinoy rock
Safe pinoy pop SPACE:
Pinoy folk focuses on the area where the dance is
Pinoy disco music performed. Terms such as direction, size,
Rap focus, distance, level, and elevation can be
Protest songs used in describing the use of space in
dance
PINOY ROCK:
Involves the use of drums, electric guitars, TIME:
synthesizers, and other electronic Terms such as accent, beat, duration,
instruments meter, rhythm, and acceleration can be
used in describing time
ENERGY RITUAL DANCE
This element describes how energy is This involves dancing to spiritual beings
directed through the body, and how the and gods. The shaman, who usually directs
body releases it. In some references, it is the dance, and the supplicants perform the
reffered to as dynamics dance to ask for blessings, good health, or
victory in war. They may also perform ritual
RELATIONSHIP dancing as a form of gratitude to the gods
This element has a lot of aspects. for blessings received or prayers answered
Relationship may mean how a dancer
relates to another dancer, how he or she SOCIAL DANCING
relates to an object, or how he or she Is primarily performed to celebrate
relates to the group dancers. important milestones in life, and to mark
It could mean how a person relates to the harvests.
stage and to production elements. In short, This is also performed among christians as
relationship involves the awareness of a way of commemorating the feasts of
dancers on their environment patron saints or visit of personages.
Examples of social dancing are Balse,
FORMS AND TYPES OF DANCE IN THE Excotis, Habanera, Jota, Lanceros Polka,
PHILIPPINES Rigodon De Honor, and Subli

FOLK DANCES SONG DANCE

These refer to the dances that are This refers to a dance performed to a song,
developed and performed together by which typically describes history and
ordinary people. traditions of a community.
Folk dances include ceremonial, combative, This dance involves acting out the meaning
courtship, exorcism, funeral, game, torture, of the song using gestures and movements.
comic, and religious dances EXAMPLES: balitaw and lunsay

COURTSHIP AND WEDDING DANCES BALLET

A courtship dance is a ceremonial dance Is a theatrical dance presentation in which a
which involves the male pursuing the plot is integrated with dancing, music, and
female. stage designs. It is also defined as the style
Wedding dances are performed by and technique of dancing strictly based on
newlyweds, it aims to celebrate relationship a theatrical dance school. Ballet is further
that have been newly-formed by the couple, classified into modern ballet, opera ballet,
families, and relatives and folklorinc ballet

MARTIAL DANCE MODERN BALLET

This type of folk dance is combative in Utilizes the technique and style of classical
nature and is used to enact a battle. It may ballet in portraying contemporary content.
exhibit unarmed execution, or confrontation Techniques in modern dance may be
using arms or weapons. adapted in modern ballet, such as bound
EXAMPLE: Lankgka of samal is a good and rebound, and contraction and release.
example of martial dance Modern ballet may also use natural
movement
MIMETIC DANCE
These are dances that aim to imitate actual OPERA BALLET
or real life movements. These dances may Is defined as dance within the context of an
be categorized into animal dances and opera
occupational dances. The latter portrays Rock opera ballet, which began in the
everyday activities in the community 1970’s, is an offshoot of the opera ballet
 CONTEMPORARY ARTSN OF THE
FOLKLORIC BALLET PHILIPPINES
Is a type of ballet that involves stylizing and  (THEATER AND FILM)
editing, stories, motifs, and styles found in
the culture of ordinary people, and adapting  HISTORY OF THEATER
these materials to contemporary theater
 GREEK THEATRE (FROM 7TH
MODERN DANCE CENTURY B.C.E)
This refers to a dance form that emerged  Greek theatre was created to celebrate
during the 20th century. This dance form is religious festivals.
still considered theatrical but it veers away  A chorus was used to either sing or
from the technique and style of ballet chant the script.
 It is unknown if Thespis was a
AEROBIC DANCE playwright, an actor or a priest, but he
This is primarily dancing to the tune of has been credited for creating the ―first
popular music with the purpose of actor‖ who broke away from the chorus
increasing consumption of oxygen over a and would speak to the chorus as an
long period of time individual character. This is why actors
are also known as ―thespians‖.
BODABIL DANCE
 This lead to the creation of character.
Used to be popular in the usa, it included
 Masks were used to allow the actors to
popular dances from the usa and the
play more than one character.
Philippines
It offers a perception of life when combined
with mime, singing of ballads and  THE CREATION OF CHARACTER
acrobatics  The following playwrights contributed to
the creation of character:
JAZZ DANCE:  Aeschylus introduced the idea of using
This dance form uses African dance a second and third actor which allowed
techniques like isolation of individual human for interaction between characters.
body parts rhythm, and polycentrism.  Sophocles continued the creation of
Nowadays, there are people who are into character by using the chorus less, and
modern jazz, which is a mix of original jazz creating more dialogue between
dance and steps from dances during the characters
second half of the 20th century
 ROMAN THEATRE (FROM
POLYNESIAN AND TAHITIAN DANCE APPROXIMATELY THE 4TH CENTURY
These dances began from the people living B.C.E)
in the Polynesian chain, which is comprised  The romans were greatly influenced by
of seven major islands groups in the Greek theatre.
southern part of the Pacific Ocean.  The word ―play‖ comes from the latin
These dances such as hula, were word ―ludus‖ which means recreation or
introduced in the Philippines during the late play.
1950’s  The roman playwright Terence
introduced the concept of a subplot
TAP DANCE allowing the audience to contrast the
This is a dance which entails tapping with reactions of different characters to the
toes and heels to generate rhythmic same events or circumstances.
patterns  Roman theatre was less influenced by
religion than greek theatre.

 ROMAN THEATRE
 The audience was often loud and rude.  Morality plays – taught a lesson
The audience did not applaud, but through symbolic characters
rather were always shouting insults and representing virtues or faults.
booing.
 Since the audience was so loud, much  COMMEDIA DELL’ARTE ITALY’S
of the plays were pantomimed and CONTRIBUTION (APPROXIMATELY
repetitive. BEGAN IN THE 14TH CENTURY)
 The actors developed a code which  In italy, a unique form of theatre was
would tell the audience about a created for the common people –
character just by looking at them. ―commedia dell’arte‖.
 For example: A black wig: the character  Commedia dell’arte required few props
was a young man and no sets.
A red wig: the character was a slave.  The plays did not come from scripts but
A yellow robe: the character was a by ―scenarios‖ which were an outline of
woman a plot.
 A yellow tassel: the character was a god  The actors improvised the dialogue with
comedic stunts (called lazzi).
 MEDIEVAL EUROPEAN THEATRE  Actors wore half masks which indicated
(APPROXIMATELY BEGAN IN THE to the audience which character they
5TH CENTURY) were playing (just like the greeks).
 After the fall of the Roman Empire, cities  A commedia troupe typically consisted
were abandoned, and europe became of 10 to 12 members, a few of which
increasingly more agricultural. were women
 After several hundred years, towns re-  Plays were based on stock characters,
emerged. for example:
 The Roman Catholic Church dominated  PANTALONE, an elderly venetian
religion, education and politics. It also merchant ([Link])
had a strong influence on theatre.  ARLECCHINO, a servant who was a
 Theatre was ―reborn‖ as ―liturgical trouble maker (bart)
dramas‖ which were written in Latin and
performed by priests or church  RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION
members. Plots were taken from the  (approximately began in the 15th
Christian bible. century)Italy’s contribution • further
 Performances also were held to contributions to theatre were made by
celebrate religious festivals (as in Greek italians through the development of the
times) proscenium, or ―picture frame stage‖.
 England’s contribution.
 MEDIEVAL EUROPEAN THEATRE  In england ―apron stages‖ were used
 Later ―vernacular dramas‖ were written which created a more ―open‖ stage.
in common language (therefore  Audience members surrounded the
everyone could understand). stage, and sometimes on the stage.
 These plays were performed in town  The emphasis in plays were on the
squares on wagon stages. dialogue. Plays also continued to have
 There were three types of ―vernacular moralistic themes.
dramas‖:  Later religious themes were replaced by
 Mystery plays – based on the old and themes of loyalty to the government.
new testament  Performers were organized into troupes
 Miracle plays – based on the lives of or companies who developed a
the saints repertory of plays that they could
perform
the theme of ―good government‖.
 RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION Shakespeare’s characters were also
 (RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION more ―human‖ with both positive and
ENGLAND’S EXPERIENCE) negative aspects of their character
 In the 16th century, england’s being explored. During this time, plays
government swung back and forth from were still presented in open-air theatres
catholicism to protestantism. or at times, presented at court.
Playwrights who worked to revive plays
written in latin, were believed to be  18TH CENTURY THEATRE
supporting the catholic church.  In the 18th century, theatre became a
 Playwrights who worked to revive greek popular pastime. During the first half of
plays were associated with the 18th century, actors assumed poses
protestantism. Depending on who was and performed their lines in a ―sing-
in power at the time, a playwright could song‖ manner.
be put to death for rSeviving the ―wrong‖  Actors dressed in modern fashionable
play. Many playwrights began to avoid clothes. There was a rivalry between
the revival of classic work, and wrote actresses as to who would wear the
non-political and non-religious plays. finest dress. Pantomime was still
popular and promoted the development
 RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION of spectacular staging, slapstick and
THEATRE IS THREATENED special effects
 The political problems in england at the
time made theatre ―dangerous‖. • civil  19TH CENTURY THEATER
unrest could be inspired by  19th century theatre lighting and stage
performances. Theatres were also advancements. The industrial revolution
associated with the temptation to spend of the 19th century changed theatre as
time watching performances instead of well. Gas lighting was first introduced in
working. 1817 in london’s drury lane theatre. By
 Theatres were also associated with the end of the century, electrical lighting
prostitution since prostitutes would be in made its appearance on stage.
the area where plays were performed, Elaborate mechanisms for changing
and sometimes were even in the scenery were developed, including fly-
audience. Added to the political lofts, elevators, and revolving stages.
problems, fear of the plague closed
theatres. These conditions lead to the  19TH CENTURY THEATRE
licensing of acting companies which MELODRAMA
lead to more control of theatre by the  The poor quality of lighting and the
state advances in set design lead to a theatre
style which emphasized action and
spectacle and not acting.
 ELIZABETHAN THEATRE (16TH  Melodrama was created. Comes from
CENTURY) "music drama" – music was used to
 A theatre ―god‖ is born • william increase emotions or to signify
shakespeare is the most notorious characters. Actors performed their
playwright in the history of theatre. characters using gestures and body
During this time period, there are other poses to demonstrate their characters.
notable playwrights including:  A simplified moral universe; good and
christopher marlowe and ben jonson. evil are embodied in stock characters.
 Shakespeare and his contemporaries Many special effects were part of the
encouraged a more natural style of performance: fires, explosions, and or
speaking and acting. They also explored earthquakes.
 Traditional form: the villain poses a  Many other theatre movements also
threat, the hero or heroine escapes, etc, began; one such theatre style was
ends with a happy ending. During the theatre of the absurd.
first half of the century, playwrights were  Theatre of the absurd, which grew out of
poorly paid. the post-modern movement which
believed that life has no meaning, and
 19TH CENTURY THEATER there is no god.
 “THE ERA OF THEATRE GREATS”  This style of theatre grew out of europe
 In the later half of the 19th century, 3 in the late 1940’s
incredible playwrights changed theatre. •
their work began the movement of  NOTE: Believe it or not, there was a lot
―realism‖ (which was to bring ―real life on of theatre history that was not included
stage‖) (i.e musical theatre, theatre of the
 It would be as if the audience was oppressed, improve theatre, children’s
watching through a ―fourth wall‖ spying theatre, cabaret, vaudeville, street
on these characters. These amazing theatre, and mime. Not to mention
playwrights were: theatre that was happening in other
 Henrik ibsen, who wrote in norwegian parts of the world. The craft of acting
george bernard shaw, who wrote in and of theatre is constantly changing in
english anton chekhov, who wrote in reaction to audiences’ tastes, political
russian and social movements, and advances in
technology.
 19TH CENTURY THEATRE
 (THE GREATEST OF ALL)  OSCAR WILDE: Final Thought Oscar
 The serious and realistic drama that was Wilde said it best: “I regard the theatre
being created in the second half of the as the greatest of all art forms, the most
19th century challenged actors to learn immediate way in which a human being
a new method of acting. can share with another the sense of what
 Konstantin stanislavski wrote several it is to be a human being”.
works on the art of acting, such as ―an
actor prepares‖.
 Stanislavski’s method of acting is still  EELEMENT OF THEATER
used today and is considered to be the
best training for actors.  Performers: These are persons who
 The following actors have studied are onstage and portray their characters
stanislavski’s methods: jack nicholson, in a convincing way for the audience
james dean, marlon brando, robert  Audience: The performers have to
deniro, al pacino, benicio del toro, and present in front of an audience and
johnny depp. (and many more) connect with them
 Director: serves as an overseer to the
 20TH CENTURY THEATRE – MODERN entire production. He/she ensures that
THEATRE (FINALLY) the performers are doing their job well,
 During the 20th century, the world including understanding and delivering
changed forever (2 world wars, and the text. He/she also ensures that the
much social and political upheaval). production design works well
 The realism movement in theatre. And  Performance space: This element may
the creation a more naturalistic acting refer to the space in which the actors
style continued to flourish in the 20th can perform. It may also refer to the
century. space for the audience to sit or stand
 Design: is essential in placing the
overall feel of the production. It has two
aspects; the visual aspects and non-  STREET THEATER: This refers to
visual aspects theater that is presented outside the
 Text: This refers to the script. This must theater building and without the stage
be present in a particular play or area. The political theater is a form of
production street theater However, street theater
can also be applied in rituals and
 FORMS AND TYPES OF PHILIPPINE religious plays.
THEATER

 DULANG PAHIYAN: Part of life  TEATRONG PANSIMBAHAN

 DALUMBAYAN: People’s theater  KOMEDYA: A play in verse that
 TEATRONG PANSIMBAHAN: portraits the lives of saints. However, it
Concerned with spirituality may also depict actual events or tales
about royalty in the kingdoms of africa,
 THEATER AS ART: Based on western
europe, arabia, and persia
models
 DAPIT: It refers to the tradition of
fetching the image of the community’s
 DULANG PAHIYANG
patron saint
 FLORES: Is presented in the month of
 RITUALS- a way communicate with
may, and has three variations; flores de
gods or spirits. It involves a shaman or a
mayo, alay, flores de maria. It has also
babaylan or an albularyo calling the
another variant which is the sunduan.
spirits and being possessed by that
spirit  HUDAS: This refers to the buring of the
image of judas iscariot, which is popular
 DUPLO- poetic debate, in which the
in bulacan, pampanga, and cebu. This is
balagtasan was derived from. The
usually held on the evening of black
balagtasan involves poems with four
saturday or on the morning of easter
lines with 12 syllables per line
sunday
 BAYOK- a maranao mimetic joust. The
 HULING HAPUNAN: This is an actual
theme of the joust depends on the
supper enacted to commemorate the
occasion on when the joust is to be
last supper of jesus with his disciples on
performed. Two or more singers
the night before his crucifixion.
interpret the theme in a spontaneous
song-dance-debate. The singers,  MORIONES: This is a short street play
however, have to be careful in portraying the capture and beheading or
articulating verses in order to avoid roman soldier longinus, who was
heated conflict involved in the crucifixion of jesus christ
 balitaw- a poetic debate between a man  PAGHUHUGAS NG PAA: This is a
and a woman. The term balitaw may short ritual that reenacts christ washing
also refer to the song and its lyrics, or the feet of his disciples before the last
the dance it may also refer to the entire supper.
performance itself since t exhibits an  PANUNULUYAN: This is a procession
exchange of words in a hypothetical that reenacts mary and joseph’s search
situation for an inn in bethlehem
 PASTORES: This is reenactments of
 DALUMBAYAN shepherds honoring the infant jesus.
 DRAMA SIMBOLIKO: This refers to the  OSANA: Is a short reenactment of the
allegorical nationalist drama which triumphal entry of jesus christ to
began during the american regime. jerusalem
However, this was revived during the  PANGANGALULUWA: This refers to a
marcos regime. tradition involving carolers who go to
each house in the community to act like  MODERN OR ORIGINAL PLAYS BY
souls in purgatory and beg for alms FILIPINOS: The themes of these plays
 SIETE PALABRAS: This is the still revolve around social, economic,
reenactment of the last three hours of political, and cultural issues in the
jesus christ on the cross. It was during country. Other developments in theater
this time when the seven last words include the existence of the pro-gay
were stated culture movement, and the growing
 SINAKULO: Is a play performed during number of theater scholars
the holy week. It depicts the story of
salvation, starting from creation of the
world up to the life, death, and
resurrection of jesus christ.  MODERN OR ORIGINAL PLAYS BY
 SALUBONG: This short reenactments FILIPINOS: TWO TYPES ARE:
focuses on the meeting of mary, mother
of jesus, and jesus christ who rose from  THE REPRESENTATIONAL STYLE:
the dead involves making an illusion of reality with
 SOLEDAD: This procession, which well-rounded characters (issues of
usually performed late in the evening individuals and/or social meaning issues
portrays mary’s grief after burying jesus of individuals within the society)
christ
 TATLONG HARI: this is a reenactment  THE PRESENTATIONAL STYLE: social
of the travel of the magi to worship the issues and ideas
infant jesus in bethlehem
 VIA CRUCES: This tradition is a way of  PRESENTATIONAL PLAY:
remembering the events leading to christ’s  DOCUMENTARY STYLE: theater of
death and burial fact, verbatim theater
 BRECHTIAN THEATER: Theater of
 THEATER AS ART instructions; features social orientation
 Traditional forms such as: Sinakulo and  DULA-TULA: dramatic monologue; up
Komedya repertory company
 School-based theater
 Puppet theater  DOCUMENTARY STYLE:
 Indigenous theater (3)  This is performed to connect historical
 Balitaw persons and events to the present
 Duplo
 Maranao  DULA TULA:
 Plays with spanish influence (4)
 Drama  TYPES OF THEATER
 Komedya
 Sinakulo  DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE: The
 Sarswela dramatic monologue is a type of play
 Theater with anglo-american wherein an individual actors speaks and
influence(2) acts out the character’s thoughts and
 BODABIL: This is a stage presentation emotions.
that consists of a range of musical and  TULA-DULA: Tula-dula or play poem
comedy acts, skits and monologues, was developed by the university of the
novelty and acrobatic numbers, solos philippines in the 1970’s. It is minimalist
and chorus lines. in attack wherein a poem is dramatized
by a narrator who recites the piece and
two or three actors provide the
movement and the sound effects.
 POLITICAL THEATER: a form of
theater whose intention is to transform  TIME
or improve the current system of the  FIRST ASPECT OF TIME: Physical time
government.
 MUSICAL THEATER: plays wherein  This refers to time for an action to take
music is an essential part of the place as it is being filmedand projected
production. This includes traditional on the screen. This can be altered
Filipino theater such as the sarswela through accelerated motion, slow
and ritualistic dramas. motion, stopped motion, and reverse
 REALISM: type of drama that provides motion
an accurate depiction of real-life
situations. This is achieved through well-  SECOND ASPECT OF TIME:
developed and authentic portrayal of Psychological time:
characters as well as realistic plot,  This refers to the impression of the
dialogue, and staging. viewer on how long does it take for a
 ABSURD: a genre of modern play that certain action to take place and how he
deliberately exaggerates the events and or she feels when watching that
situations to emphasize a point. particular action. For instance, a viewer
 STAGE SHOW: bodabil is a theatrical feels excited when watching fast action
presentation of various acts and scenes
performances.
 BRECHTIAN SHOW: an example of a  THIRD ASPECT OF TIME: Dramatic
modern theatrical show. It is also time
referred to as epic theater.  This signifies the timeline of events
 CHILDREN’S THEATER: plays that are portrayed in the film
either performed by children or adults
for children. This type of theater  SPACE
production is intended to educate,  First Aspects of space: Scale
inspire, and encourage creativity and  This aspect indicates the size of the
value formation. objects on the screen and how these
CONTEMPORARY ARTSN OF THE objects relate with the area surrounding
PHILIPPINES them.
 (FILM)
 SECOND ASPECT OF SPACE:
 In the Philippines, this industry rose like Shooting angle:
an important aspect of culture. Thus,  This denotes the location or angle from
making it important now and then. As where the camera records the scene.
part of our tradition and life. Shots may be taken with the camera
directed vertically downwards, vertically
 The role of film plays an important upwards or horizontally. Each position or
aspect in our life. One can learn from angle will have a different effect on the
school through positivist point of view, scene that is being recorded
but humanities and being interpretitive
have a much larger impact towards our  THIRD ASPECT OF SPACE: Lighting
society and culture. Hence, films gave  The position of lights affects how the
us meaning in our shallow perspective illusion of depth is created in the film.
The relationship of light and dark on the
 ELEMENTS OF FILM object can give that illusion of depth to
 Time the object
 Space
 Techniques of cinema  SOUND
 Aside from the dialogue, sound also
include background music, themes  ANIMATION
melodies, and silence  A type of film that involves creating
illustrations or inanimate images and
 TECHNIQUES OF CINEMA bringing them to life.
 Cutting or editing  Single-frame photography was used to
 Camera movement capture images of a series of arranged
 Framing drawings. These shots are then rune in
the movie projector on 10-24 frames per
second

 CUTTING OR EDITING:  THREE TYPES OF ANIMATION

 This involves joining one shot with  DRAWN ANIMATION: Involves the use
another, making sure that these two of drawing for a ertainimage. In this
shots are logically connected. type, a single movement requires
 This helps in ensuring that only the creating another image on a separate
scenes that are required in the story will sheet of celluloid or acetate sheet.
be shown.
 Transitions are used for the emphasis or  CUT-OUT ANIMATION: Involves cutting
for smooth changing of one shot to out images from photos, cardboard, or
another, such as dissolve, fade, and other flat materials. A collage is formed
turn-over. out of these materials. The process is
simpler, relatively cheaper and does not
 CAMERA MOVEMENT take too much time drawn
 This is done in order to have a smoother
change of view, to help in gradual
growth of emotions, or to stimulate a  LIVE ANIMATION: Involves moving
familiar experience three dimensional objects made from
sand, clay, wire, or other solid objects.
 FRAMING: These movements are recorded by the
 This helps in bringing balance to the film camera
as it is being viewed. Framing can also
get the attention of the audience and  BOMBA: A film that primarily depicts
sustain that attention nudity and sex, became popular from
the 1970’s up to 1990’s. Known as
 FORMS AND TYPES OF FILM (12) ―bold,‖ ―wet look,‖ and ―st,‖ bomba
 ACTION: Physical conflict as emphasis different from x-rated pornography
 ANIMATION: Creating illustrations or
inanimate images and bringing them to  DOKYU (DOCUMENTARY FILM): A
life motion picture that narrates or
discusses news events.
 BOMBA: Soft-core pornography
 It may also explain other subject matter
based on facts.
 ACTION: An americcan type of
influenced that mainly focuses on  The director may add fiction to the
physical conflict as emphasis: subject matter
 Based on real life stories or actual
experiences of real persons.  TYPES OF DOKYU FILM(5)
 Based/ or centerd on purely fictional  Film journalism: which reports events
events, may be bsed fromm the tradition based on facts and gives emphasis on
of metrical romance or of the literary timeliness
komedya, or with contemporary issues
 General-interest film: which primarily
focuses o informing the public on a  MUSICAL: This is essentially a romatic
certain subject matter comedy that is presented with the skits
 Nature documentaries: which brings and songs.
knowledge about the physical world
 Commited documentaries: which  PERIOD: A type of film that centers on
tackles social problems and issues like characters and events which are
injustice and poverty recreated in the movie, occie in a
 Cinema direct: which presents reality historical place and time
using a unique point of view, language,  Occurs in historical place and time
and technique  Oro plata mata

 DRAMA: This refers to the motion  NATIONAL ARTISTS OF THE

picture that dwells on personal problems PHILIPPINES
and conflicts.
 Draws sentiments and emotion. It is  The order of the national artists
typically meant to be a tearjerker  National commission for culture and arts
 Cultural center of the Philippines
 EXPERIMENTAL: This type of film  Began in 1972 when presidential
attempts to create something radically proclamation no. 1001,s.
innovative or omething that is never  Enacted in order to recognize Filipinos
done before with the camera who made exceptional contributions to
Philippine arts and letters
 FANTASY: This films depicts scenes in  Fernando Amorsolo
an imaginary world
 Komik stories, folklore, and science
fiction fall under this category  NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR MUSIC!
 The order of the national artists award
 HISTORICAL: This type of film shows (orden ng gawad pambansang alagad
actual events that occurred in the past ng sining) is the highest national
 It may depict real stories of famous recognition given to filipino individuals
persons, or historical events and places who have made significant contributions
that are recereated in the film to the development of philippine arts;
namely, music, dance, theater, visual
 HORROR: This type of film is shown to arts, literature, film and broadcast arts,
bring fear to the audience. and architecture and allied arts. The
 Supernatural, and imaginary monsters order is jointly administered by the
are depicted national commission for culture and the
 It may be attricuted to filipinos love of arts (ncca) and cultural center of the
and fondness of the filipino for the philippines (ccp) and conferred by the
supernatural and the unknown president of the philippines upon
recommendation by both institutions.
 KOMEDI: Induce laughter in the
audience  The order of national artists award is
one of the honors conferred by the
 TWO TYPES OF COMEDY republic of the philippines that
 ROMANTIC COMEDY: presented with embodies the nation’s highest ideals in
music and humor, focus on chance the humanities and aesthetic expression
encounters through the distinct achievements of
 Slapstick comedy: uses physical individual citizens. While the republic
and/or psychological defect bestows due recognition to these
singular achievements, it also honors its kamahal‖, inang bayan‖, ―isang
own cultural heritage, whose enrichment dalangin‖, ―kalesa‖ and ―pilipinas‖. He
these achievements have significantly added elements of kundiman to a filipino
effected, enhanced, and given direction. love ballad.

 These achievements are measured in  FRANCISCO FELICIANO

terms of their vision, unusual insight,  He was known for the use of modal
creativity and imagination, technical scales in his operas and orchestral
proficiency of the highest order in works.
expressing filipino culture and traditions,  His lifetime conscientiousness in
history, way of life, and aspirations. bringing out the ―asianness‖ in his
music, whether as a composer,
 NATIONAL ARTISTS (MUSIC) conductor, or educator, contributed to
FAMOUS NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR bringing the awareness of people all
MUSIC: over the world to view the asian culture
 Antonio buenaventura as a rich source of inspiration and a
 Ernani cuenco celebration of our ethnicity, particularly
 Francisco feliciano the philippines. He brought out the
 Jovita fuentes unique sounds of our indigenous music
 Jose maceda in compositions that have high technical
 Lucio san pedro demands equal to the compositions of
 Levi celerio masters in the western world. By his
numerous creative outputs, he has
 ANTONINO BEUNAVENTURA elevated the filipino artistry into one that
is highly esteemed by the people all
 He is known for his marches including
over the world
the ―triumphal march‖ ―history fantasy‖
―echoes from the philippines‖ and ―ode
to freedom‖. He did research on  JOVITA FUENTES
philippine folksongs and dances.  She was best known for her portrayal of
 Antonino R. Buenaventura vigorously cio-cuo san in giacamo puccini’s
pursued a musical career that spanned madame butterfly in italy in april 1925.
seven decades of unwavering She established the artits’s guild for the
commitment to advancing the frontiers philippines in an effort to instill love for
of philippine music. In 1935, opera in her countrymen.
buenaventura joined francisca reyes-
aquino to conduct research on folksongs  JOSE MACEDA
and dances that led to its popularization.  He conducted researches and fieldwork
Buenaventura composed songs, to explore filipino traditional music
compositions, for solo instruments as further and to understand the nature of
well as symphonic and orchestral works the philippine ethnic and traditional
based on the folksongs of various music.
philippine ethnic groups. He was also a
conductor and restored the philippine  LUCIO SAN PEDRO
army band to its former prestige as one  Best known for his compositions ―sa
of the finest military bands in the world ugoy ng duyan‖, ―sa mahal kong bayan‖,
making it ―the only band that can sound ―dance of the fairies‖, ―triumphal march‖
like a symphony orchestra‖. and ―lahing kayumanggi‖.
 lucio san pedro is a master composer,
 ERNANI CUENCO conductor, and teacher whose music
 He was known for the following songs: evokes the folk elements of the filipino
―bato sa buhangin‖, ―gaano kita heritage. Cousin to ―botong‖ francisco,
san pedro produced a wide-ranging  FAMOUS NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR
body of works that includes band music, MUSIC:
concertos for violin and orchestra,  Felipe padilla de leon
choral works, cantatas, chamber music,  Lucresia r. Kasilag
music for violin and piano, and songs for  Antonio j. Molina
solo voice. He was the conductor of the  Ramon p. Santos
much acclaimed peng kong grand  Andrea veneracion
mason concert band, the san pedro  Honorata ―atang‖ dela rama
band of angono, his father’s former
band, and the banda angono numero
 FELIPE PADILLA DE LEON
uno. His civic commitment and work
 He was known for filipinizing western
with town bands have significantly
music forms.
contributed to the development of a civic
culture among filipino communities and  A 20th century traditional composer,
opened a creative outlet for young who was named national artist for music
filipinos posthumously in 1997. His sample
works are mariang makiling overture
and roca encantada
 LEVI CELERIO  He was composer, conductor, and
scholar, filipinized western music forms,
 Celerio is most known for his recognition
a feat aspired for by filipino composers
as the only man who could play music
who preceded him. The prodigious body
with a leaf in the guinness book of world
of de leon’s musical compositions,
records.
notably the sonatas, marches, and
 Levi Celerio is a prolific lyricist and
concertos have become the full
composer for decades. He effortlessly
expression of the sentiments and
translated/wrote anew the lyrics to
aspirations of the filipino in times of
traditional melodies: ―o maliwanag na
strife and of peace, making him the
buwan‖ (iloko), ―ako ay may singsing‖
epitome of a people’s musician. He is
(pampango), ―alibangbang‖ (visaya)
the recipient of various awards and
among others.
distinctions: republic cultural heritage
 Born in tondo, celerio received his award, doctor of humanities from up,
scholarship at the academy of music in rizal pro-patria award, presidential
manila that made it possible for him to award of merit, patnubay ng kalinangan
join the manila symphony orchestra, award, among others
becoming its youngest member. He
made it to the guinness book of world
 LUCRECIA R. KASILAG
records as the only person able to make
 She was known for fusing filipino ethnic
music using just a leaf.
music with western musical influences.
 a great number of his songs have been
 a music educator and new music
written for the local movies, which
composer who was named national
earned for him the lifetime achievement
artist for music 1989. Her sample works
award from the film academy of the
are toccata for percussions of winds,
philippines. Levi celerio, more
divertissement and concertante—works
importantly, has enriched the philippine
that integrate indigenous filipino musical
music for no less than two generations
instruments into their composition
with a treasury of more than 4,000
songs in an idiom that has proven to
appeal to all social classes  ANTONIO MOLINA
 known for introducing the pentatonic
 NATIONAL ARTISTS (MUSIC) scale, whole tone scale, linear
counterpoints, and the use of dominant
ninths and eleventh chords in philippine music, her outstanding artistry as singer,
music. and as sarsuela actress-playwright-
 a music educator and 20th century producer, her tireless efforts to bring her
traditional composer. He was the first art to all sectors of filipino society and to
national artist for music, date conferred the world," president corazon c. Aquino
in 1973. His sample works were misa proclaimed atang de la rama a national
antoniana grand festival mass and ang artist of the philippines for theater and
batingaw music.

 RAMON P. SANTOS  NATIONAL ARTISTS (DANCE)

 He help in advocating modern philippine  FAMOUS NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR
music that is still based on early asian DANCE:
practices and way of life.  Francisca reyes aquino
 a new music composer who was named  Leonor orosa goquingco
national artist for music in 2014. His  Ramon obusan
sample work is pangahoy and l’bad  Lucresia-reyes-urtula
 Alice reyes
 ANDREA VENERACION
 She was the founder of the world-  FRANCISCA REYES AQUINO
renowned university of the philippine  She was best known for her research on
madrigal singers, which is the first choir philippine folk dances, which later
in the world to win the european gran resulted to thesis entitled ―philippine folk
pix for choral singing twice. dances and games‖.
 a choirmaster who received national  This bulakeña began her research on
artist honors in 1999. She directed the folk dances in the 1920’s making trips to
madrigal singers and taught them to remote barrios in central and northern
sing in their signature semi-circle luzon. Her research on the unrecorded
arrangement forms of local celebration, ritual and
sport resulted into a 1926 thesis titled
 HONORATA “ATANG” ―philippine folk dances and games,‖ and
DELA RAMA arranged specifically for use by teachers
 Atang believed that art should be for and playground instructors in public and
everyone; not only did she perform in private schools
major manila theaters such as the teatro  Her books include the following:
libertad and the teatro zorilla, but also in philippine national dances (1946);
cockpits and open plazas in luzon, the gymnastics for girls (1947); fundamental
visayas, and mindanao. She also made dance steps and music (1948)
an effort to bring the kundiman and
sarsuela to the indigenous peoples of  LEONOR ORASA
the philippine such as the igorots, the GOQUINGCO
aetas, and the mangyans. She was also  known for the ―mother of philippine
at the forefront of introducing filipino theater dance‖, she blended folkloric
culture to foreign audiences. At the and asian styles in ballet choreography.
height of her career, she sang  is a pioneer filipino choreographer
kundimans and other filipino songs in known to many as ―the trailblazer,‖ ―the
concerts in such cities as hawaii, san mother of philippine theater dance,‖ and
francisco, los angeles, new york city, ―dean of filipino performing arts critics.‖
hong kong, shanghai, and tokyo.  She has produced stunning
choreography during her 50-year career,
 On may 8, 1987, "for her sincere highlighted by ―filipinescas: philippine
devotion to original filipino theater and life, legend, and love,‖ which elevated
native folk dance to its highest stage of dance in expressing filipino subject
development matters.
 As a dancer, choreographer, teacher
 RAMONOBUSAN and director, she has made a lasting
 He utilized the art of dance for a deeper impact on the development and
understanding of the filipino culture. promotion of contemporary dance in the
 He was a dancer, choreographer, stage philippines. Her dance legacy is evident
designer and artistic director. He in the dance companies, teachers,
achieved phenomenal success in choreographers and the exciting filipino
philippine dance and cultural work. He modern dance repertoire of our country
was also acknowledged as a today
researcher, archivist and documentary
filmmaker who broadened and  NEW EDITION:
deepened the filipino understanding of
his own cultural life and expressions.  SUMMARIZATION OF NATIONAL
Through the ramon obusan folkloric ARTISTS FOR MUSIC
grop (rofg), he had effected cultural and
diplomatic exchanges using the  ANTONIO BUENAVENTURA
multifarious aspects and dimensions of  He is known for his marches including
the art of dance the ―triumphal march‖ ―history fantasy‖
 LUCRECIA REYES URTULA ―echoes from the philippines‖ and ―ode
 She was a dance director of the to freedom‖. He did research on
bayanihan philippine dcance company, philippine folksongs and dances.
for which she choreographed different
folk and ethnic dances, pageants and  ERNANI CUENCO
festivals.  He was known for the following songs:
 She was a choreographer, dance ―batosabuhangin‖, ―gaanokitakamahal‖,
educator and researcher, spent almost inang bayan‖, ―isangdalangin‖, ―kalesa‖
four decades in the discovery and study and ―pilipinas‖. He added elements of
of philippine folk and ethnic dances. She kundiman to a filipino love ballad.
applied her findings to project a new
example of an ethnic dance culture that  FRANCISCO FELICIANO
goes beyond simple preservation and  He was known for the use of modal
into creative growth. Over a period of scales in his operas and orchestral
thirty years, she had choreographed works.
suites of mountain dances, spanish-
influenced dances, muslim pageants  JOVITA FUENTES
and festivals, regional variations and  She was best known for her portrayal of
dances of the countryside for the cio-cuo san in giacamo puccini’s
bayanihan philippine dance company of madame butterfly in italy in april 1925.
which she was the dance director. She established the artits’s guild for the
These dances have all earned critical philippines in an effort to instill love for
acclaim and rave reviews from opera in her countrymen.
audiences in their world tours in
americas, europe, asia, australia and  JOSE MACEDA
africa  He conducted researches and fieldwork
to explore filipino traditional music
 ALICE REYES further and to understand the nature of
 She is known in blending styles and the philippine ethnic and traditional
movements from philippine indigenous music.
dance, classical ballet, and modern
 LUCIO SAN PEDRO  Known for the ―mother of philippine
 best known for his compositions ―sa theater dance‖, she blended folkloric
ugoyngduyan‖, ―sa mahalkong bayan‖, and asian styles in ballet choreography.
―dance of the fairies‖, ―triumphal march‖
and ―lahingkayumanggi‖.  RAMON OBUSAN
 He utilized the art of dance for a deeper
 LEVI CELERIO understanding of the filipino culture.
 Celerio is most known for his recognition
as the only man who could play music  LUCRESIA REYES-URTULA
with a leaf in the Guinness book of world  She was a dance director of the
records. bayanihan philippine dcance company,
for which she choreographed different
 FELIPE PADILLA DE LEON folk and ethnic dances, pageants and
 He was known for filipinizing western festivals.
music forms.
 ALICE REYES
 LUCRESIA R. KASILAG  She is known in blending styles and
 she was known for fusing filipino ethnic movements from philippine indigenous
music with western musical influences. dance, classical ballet, and modern
dance in expressing filipino subject
 ANTONIO J. MOLINA matters.
 Known for introducing the pentatonic
scale, whole tone scale, linear
counterpoints, and the use of dominant
ninths and eleventh chords in philippine
music. GOODLUUUUCCCk!

 RAMON P. SANTOS
 he help in advocating modern philippine
music that is still based on early asian
practices and way of life.

 ANDREA VENERACION
 She was the founder of the world-
renowned university of the philippine
madrigal singers, which is the first choir
in the world to win the european gran
pix
 for choral singing twice.

 SUMMARIZATION OF NATIONAL
ARTIST IN DANCE

 FRANCISCA REYES AQUINO

 She was best known for her research on
philippine folk dances, which later
resulted to thesis entitled ―philippine folk
dances and games‖.

 LEONOR OROSA GOQUINGCO