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Science
Quarter 4 – Module 5:
The Earth’s Axial Tilt
Science – Grade 7
Quarter 4 – Module 5: Earth's Axial Tilt: Daylength, Orbit, Energy, Latitude and Seasons
First Edition, 2021

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Science
Quarter 4 – Module 5:
The Earth’s Axial Tilt
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use
this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning at home. Furthermore, you are
expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included
in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different activities
in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be reminded of
the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module,
do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience
meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant
competencies. You can do it!

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Let Us Learn

Dear learner, it is a beautiful day for you. In this module, you will learn
the concepts of day and seasons. At the end of the lesson, you going to relate
the following using models:

• the tilt of the Earth to the length of daytime;

• the length of daytime to the amount of energy received;
• the position of the Earth in its orbit to the height of the Sun in the
sky;
• the direction of sunlight to the amount of energy received;
• the latitude of an area to the amount of energy it receives; and
• the tilt of the Earth and the seasons.

Let Us Try!

Choose the best answer and write this on a separate paper.

1. At what angle is the Earth tilted?

A. 32.5 degrees C. 23.5 degrees
B. 25.3 degrees D. 35.3 degrees

2. How does the tilting of Earth’s axis affect us?

A. We experienced night when the Earth has tilted away from the
Sun.
B. We experienced a day when the Earth has tilted away from the
Sun.
C. The Sun`s energy will be the same from different areas.
D. It causes the Earth to be away from the Sun at a specific time.

For Nos. 3-4, kindly refer your answer to the Figure above.

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3. In which month does the Philippines will experience longer daytime?
A. March
B. June
C. September
D. December

4. In which month will our country receive the least exposure to sunlight?
A. March C. September
B. June D. December

5. In which month does the South Pole will have the highest possible
atmospheric temperature?
A. March C. September
B. June D. December

Let Us Study

In your Grade 6 lessons, you probably remember the different planets

in our Solar System. Can you name them? Which planet is nearest to the sun?
Which one is the farthest? You may still remember that all planets are moving
as well, at different speeds, on their axis, around the sun. Do you think this
move may affect a planet? If yes, how do you say so?
The relationship between the earth and the sun will help us understand
why the sunlight changes from one place to another within a year. Different
positions of our planet cause variations in the length of the day and seasonal
changes.
In this module, we will study the Earth's axial tilt and the results of this
tilting.

DAYLENGTH AND ENERGY

Activity 1: TILT OF THE EARTH

Objective:

After performing this activity, you will explain how the tilt of Earth affects
the length of daytime.

Materials Needed:
• Illustrations
• Paper and Pen

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Procedure:
1. Analyze the following figures, Figure A to D. The illustrations show the
Earth with its axis around the sun. What do you notice? How are you
going to describe the Earth when it is moving around the sun?
2. Note that the Earth is tilted. “N” means the North Pole. “S” means the
South Pole.

Q1. Which month does the North Pole tilted towards the Sun?
Q2. Which month does the North Pole is tilted away from the Sun?

Figure A. Earth’s revolving around the sun

3. Analyze Figure B and C below.

Figure B. Earth in June Figure C. Earth in December

The figures show how Earth is oriented with respect to the Sun during a
specific time.

Q3. Which hemisphere receives direct rays from the Sun in the month
of June?

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Q4. Which hemisphere receives direct rays from the Sun in the month
of December?
Q5. How would you describe the areas on Earth directly hit by the sun
(as shown with arrows)?

Look at figures B and C, observe that the Earth leans by 23.5 degrees. What
do you think is the effect of this tilt? The North Pole is leaning toward the
sun (see Figure B). The Northern Hemisphere is hit directly by the Sunrays
(as shown with arrows). When it happens, the areas receiving it will become
warmer compared to places when the rays are oblique (slanted). It explains
why the Northern Hemisphere is experiencing summer at this time (Education
and Public Engagement at the Lunar and Planetary Institute 2020)

On the other hand (see Figure C), the northern hemisphere is leaning
away from the sun, while the southern hemisphere is directly exposed to the
sun's rays (as shown by the arrow). How would you describe the temperature
of the Southern Hemisphere as compared to the Northern Hemisphere?

Remember that the Earth is moving continuously around the

sun (Figure A). The North Pole is pointing away from the sun (Figure C) and
will no longer receive direct rays. Thus, it will have a colder temperature.
Hence, all areas located in the Northern Hemisphere will experience the winter
season. Meanwhile, the Southern Hemisphere (see Figure B) will have a
warmer temperature. In this case, it will be summer (Education and Public
Engagement at the Lunar and Planetary Institute 2020).

Analyze the table below. This shows the sunrise and sunset on a day per
month.

Table 1. Sunrise and Sunset in Manila on selected days of 2020

([Link])

SUNRISE SUNSET (T2) LENGTH OF DAYTIME

DAY (T1) In 24-Hour (T2-T1)
In 24-Hour Format In 24-Hour Format
Format
Jan. 10, 2020 6:25 AM 17:49 PM 11 HR 24 MINS
Feb. 10, 2020 6:18 AM 18:02 PM 12 HR 24MINS
Mar. 10, 2020 6:00 AM 18:07 PM 12 HR 07 MINS
April 10, 2020 5:39 AM 18:11 PM 13 HR 12 MINS
May 10, 2020 5:27 AM 18:18 PM 13 HR 31 MINS
June 10, 2020 5:28 AM 18:27 PM 13 HR 39 MINS

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July 10, 2020 5:36 AM 18:29 PM
Aug. 10, 2020 5:43 AM 18:16 PM
Sept. 10, 2020 5:45 AM 17:54 PM
Oct. 10, 2020 5:48 AM 17: 33 PM
Nov. 10, 2020 5:59 AM 17: 24 PM
Dec. 10, 2020 6:16 AM 17: 32PM

Q6. Complete Table 1 by using the formula given.

Length of daytime = Sunset (T2) - Sunrise (T1)

Note:
Use the 24- hour format for 1 day is equivalent to 24 hours (1 day= 24
hours)

1 HOUR = 60 MINUTES

Example: in January 10, 2020, the sunrise was at 6:25 AM and sunset was
at 17:49 PM (or 5:49 PM), so to compute;

Length of daytime = Sunset (T2) – Sunrise (T1)

Length of daytime = 17:49 – 6:25
Length of daytime = 11:24 or 11 HOURS AND 24 MINUTES

Q7. Observe the sunrise and sunset from the month of January to
December. What do you notice?

Q8. Compare the sunrise between July 10 and December 10. Which
month did the sun rise earlier? How about the sunset between the
same months? Which month the sun sets later?

Q9. Which month has the longest daytime? The shortest daytime?

Q10. Why do you think the Philippines has higher temperature in the
month of June based on the data?

A. EARTH'S ORBIT AND HEIGHT OF THE SUN

All planets in the solar system follow an elliptical (slightly oval-shaped)

path, known as an orbit. The earth's orbit takes about a year or 365 days to
revolve around the sun. Since it’s elliptical, there is a time that the earth is
nearest to the sun (perihelion) or farthest from the sun (aphelion). The
revolution of the earth to the sun and the tilting of the axis, result in different
angles of the sun during different periods.

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Figure 1. Earth's elliptical orbit.

Figure 2. Sun direct rays at an angle of 90 degrees

When the Sunrays hit the ground at 90 degrees, they will receive a large
amount of solar energy. It is because the heat is being focused only on one
area. It will result in more heat absorbed by the surface of the Earth. When
the Sunrays are at an oblique angle, the ground will only receive a less
amount of solar energy. Why? That's because the distribution of solar energy
is unconcentrated on the area it exposes.

Figure 3. The two photos show the distribution of light in oblique & 90
degrees angles using a flashlight

Different areas will have different angles of Sunrays because of the axial
tilt of the earth. For example, Figure 4 below shows the angle of the sun during
the summer solstice.

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Figure 4 shows the different angles of the sun in varied regions during
the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere.
The figure means that the area near the Sun(Tropic of Cancer) will
receive a large amount of heat energy from the sun. It means that this place
will be hotter compared to other areas. Notice that the South Pole does not
receive any sunlight at all. It means that the South Pole will have no daylight
and not receive any heat. Thus, it will have a winter season. There are times
also that the Northern and Southern Hemisphere will receive equal amounts
of sunlight (equinox). (National Weather Service National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration n.d.)

Figure 5 shows the equal amount of sunlight received by the Northern

and Southern Hemisphere

It only means that as the earth orbits the sun, different places will
receive different amounts of sunlight and energy.

B. LATITUDE AND ENERGY

Latitude is the measurement of distance north or south of the equator.

The equator is an imaginary line of 0 degrees latitude which surrounds the
center of the Earth. It is where the Sun directly exposes the surface of the

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Earth at an angle of 90 degrees. Areas located on the equator or near the
equator received higher amounts of solar energy, thus experiencing hotter
temperatures. The farther it gets from the equator, the colder it gets. How
about the North Pole? How would you describe its temperature? Observe
Figures 4 and 5 and locate the Arctic Circle. What is its angle? Remember
that when sunlight hits an area at an oblique angle, the lesser energy it
receives. It is because of a wider distribution of heat across the hemisphere.
Regions in the North and South Pole will receive the least amount of heat
because it is farthest from the equator (Evers 2012).

C. TILT OF THE EARTH AND SEASONS

As the Earth revolves around Sun, it becomes closer or farther away

from the Sun. It means that certain parts of the Earth will not receive the
same amount of solar energy.

In a year, the Earth will be facing the Sun either with an equal amount
of daylight. These are called equinoxes (spring and autumn seasons).
However, the Earth also leans toward and away from the Sun. These are called
solstices (summer and winter season). For example, the Northern Hemisphere
starts its summer on June the 21st. The Earth`s tilt is pointing to the Sun at
its maximum (see Fig. 4 and locate the Tropic of Cancer). In the winter
solstice (starts on December the 21st), the Earth will have its minimum
sunlight. Thus, it will have a colder temperature to the freezing point (see
Fig.6). (National Weather Services National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration n.d.)

Figure 6. Winter Solstice in Northern Hemisphere

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Figure 7. The Four Seasons
Twice every year, both the North and South Hemisphere are facing the
Sun with an equal amount of sunlight at all latitudes (equinox or autumn and
spring seasons). The Autumn equinox (starts on September 21st) and the
spring equinox (March 21st).

Let Us Practice

Activity 2: Tilt of the Earth, Daylength and Energy

Objective:

After performing this activity, you can explain how the tilt of the Earth
affects the day length and the amount of energy it receives from the sun.

Materials Needed:
● Paper and Pen

Direction: Analyze the table below. The table shows the sunrise and sunset
on a day per month. Compute for the day length of each date then answer
the guide questions that follows. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.

SUNRISE SUNSET (T2) LENGTH OF DAYTIME

DAY (T1) In 24-Hour (T2-T1)
In 24-Hour Format In 24-Hour Format
Format
Jan. 10, 2019 6:24 AM 17:43 PM 11 HR 19 MINS
Feb. 10, 2019 6:22 AM 17:49 PM 11 HR 37 MINS
Mar. 10, 2019 6:08 AM 18:06 PM

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April 10, 2019 5:46 AM 18:09 PM
May 10, 2019 5:30 AM 18:15 PM
June 10, 2019 5:26 AM 18:25 PM
July 10, 2019 5:33 AM 18:30 PM
Aug. 10, 2019 5:41 AM 18:22 PM
Sept. 10, 2019 5:45 AM 18:02 PM
Oct. 10, 2019 5:47 AM 17: 40 PM
Nov. 10, 2019 5:54 AM 17: 25 PM
Dec. 10, 2019 6:10 AM 17: 27PM
Table 2. Sunrise and Sunset in Manila on selected days of 2019
([Link])

Q14. Based on the table, which of the following dates received more
heat energy? Why?
Q15. In what period did Davao experience less solar energy? Explain.
Q16. Which months have an almost equal amount of daylight?

Let Us Practice More

Activity 3A: Seasons

Direction: Analyze the illustration below and answer the questions given.

1. At position A, which hemisphere would experience winter?

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2. Which hemisphere would experience winter if the earth is at position
C?

3. Is the North Hemisphere will have summer when the earth is in

position A? Explain.

4. What is the season in the Northern Hemisphere at position C?

5. At position A, which hemisphere will experience summer?

6. Which hemisphere would experience summer at position C?

7. Which pole would have 24-hour daylight if the earth is in position A?

Explain.

8. Which pole would have 24-hour darkness if the earth is in position C?

Explain.

Activity 3B: The Earth's Orbit and Latitude

Direction: Provide illustrations inside the box based on the descriptions

given. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Box A: Draw the position of the sun when your house is directly exposed to
sunlight.

Box B: Draw the position of the Earth in its orbit when the Tropic of
Capricorn will receive the largest amount of solar energy.

A B

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Let Us Remember

• Earth's axial tilt – the slant position of Earth of about 23.5

degrees.
• Northern Hemisphere – a major region of the Earth from the
equator to the north pole.
• Southern Hemisphere – a major region of the Earth from the
equator to the south pole.
• Latitude- a coordinate that is used to specify the north-south
position of a location on the Earth`s surface.
• Season- one of the four periods of the year (spring, summer,
autumn, and winter), but geographically at different time.
• The earth`s axial tilt and its revolution in its orbit around the sun
may result to different phenomena. Because of these, the earth
receives certain amount of solar energy depending on a person`s
location.

Let Us Assess

Read the questions carefully. Choose the best answer and write it on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. At what angle is the earth tilted?

A. 22.3 degrees C. 23.5 degrees
B. 32.5 degrees D. 25.3 degrees

2. How does the tilting of Earth’s axis affect us?

A. We experienced night when the Earth has tilted away from the
Sun.
B. We experienced a day when the Earth has tilted away from the
Sun.
C. The Sun`s energy will be the same from different areas.
D. It causes the Earth to be away from the Sun at a specific time.

3. What do “direct rays” mean?

A. The rays of the sun hit the Earth's surface at 40 degrees angle.
B. The rays of the sun hit the Earth's surface at 60 degrees angle.
C. The rays of the sun hit the Earth's surface at 90 degrees angle.
D. The rays of the sun hit the Earth's surface at 30 degrees angle.

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4. Which hemisphere will receive direct rays from the Sun in December?
A. North Hemisphere C. South Hemisphere
B. West Hemisphere D. All of the above

For questions 5-8, use the diagram above for your answers.
5. At which point does the Northern Hemisphere experience summer?
A. Point A C. Point C
B. Point B D. Point D

6. What do the arrows represent?

A. The earth is rotating around C. The earth is revolving around
its axis. the sun.
B. The earth is turning D. The earth is pointing to the
counterclockwise. sun.

7. During spring season at point D, what season would be at point B in

the Northern Hemisphere?
A. Summer C. Windy
B. Autumn D. Winter

8. At points A and C, the earth will experience either the shortest or

longest daylight. What do you call this phenomenon?
A. Autumnals C. Perennials
B. Equinoxes D. Solstices

9. Why do the equatorial regions receive the same temperature all year
round?
A. Because it is tilted away from C. Because it revolves around
the sun. the sun.
B. Because it receives the same D. Because it is always summer
amount of solar energy. there.

10. If one experiences a colder temperature in June, which part of the earth
will experience a hotter climate in December?
A. Northern Hemisphere because the sun tilts towards it in June and
December.

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B. Northern Hemisphere because it receives direct rays from the sun
in December and less in June.
C. Southern Hemisphere because it receives direct rays from the sun
in December and less exposure in June.
D. Both the northern and southern hemispheres because receive
equal rays directed from the sun in December and June.

11. Which of the following causes the Earth’s four seasons?

A. The amount of energy released C. Earth's orbit around the sun.
by the sun.
B. Earth's axial tilt rotation D. Earth's 24-hour rotation.
relative to earth's revolution
around the sun

12. Why does the northern hemisphere experience the coldest temperature
during winter?
A. Because it is pointing towards the sun
B. Because it is facing towards the sun and the days are longer
C. Because it points away from the sun and the days are shorter
D. Because it is tilting towards the equator

13. In what period where we can experience an equal number of hours in

day and night?
A. Aphelion C. Perihelion
B. Equinox D. Solstice

14. If the Southern Hemisphere experiences summer, what will be the

season in the Northern Hemisphere?
A. Autumn C. Spring
B. Fall D. Winter

15. What do you call the path of the Earth as it travels around the Sun?
A. Equator C. Orbit
B. Latitude D. Axis

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Let Us Enhance

Activity # 3:

Direction: Answer the following questions and write it on your answer

sheets.

1. Why does the Philippines only have two seasons? Explain

2. Is it possible that our country will experience four different seasons in
a year? Explain.
3. How are you able to help the community with the knowledge that you
learn from this lesson?

Let Us Reflect

Reflection:
Now that you have ideas about the relationship of the earth`s axial tilt and
its elliptical orbit, as a student, how does having this knowledge will help
you in your daily activity?

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Answer Key

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References

[Link]. [Link] January 21, 2021.

[Link]
1_137179.pdf
Education and Public Engagement at the Lunar and Planetary Institute.
[Link] January 16, 2021.
[Link]
Evers, Jeannie. National Geographic. November 6, [Link] January
18,2021.[Link]
#:~:text=Latitude%20is%20the%20measurement%20of,all%20points%
20sharing%20a%20parallel.
National Weather Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
[Link] January 18, 2021.
[Link]
National Weather Services National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
[Link] January 18,
2021.[Link]
National Weather Services National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
[Link] January 18, 2021.
[Link]
ernal%20%26%20Autumnal),are%20referred%20to%20as%20Equinox
es.
Utah Education Network. December 4, [Link] January 20, 2021
[Link]
3/[Link].

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Davao City Division

E. Quirino Avenue, Davao City

Telephone: (082) 227 4762

Email Address: [Link]@[Link]