Global Warming,

Disaster Risk
Reduction,
and
Management
Awareness
Global Warming
Global Warming
Increase in the average temperature
of the Earth’s atmosphere. Along
with other pollutants, carbon
dioxide traps the sun’s heat and
cause the Earth to warm up.

The Philippines is located at the

circum-Pacific “Belt (or ring) of
Fire” and is always subject to
natural calamities, which resulted
in the loss of lives and destruction
of properties.
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Climate Change
The build up of greenhouse gases (water vapor, CO2,
CH4 and Ozone) in the atmosphere, signicantly
changing the normal weather patterns and
conditions in specific regions of the Earth.
Greenhouse gases create a natural greenhouse
effect on the Earth. This produces more warming
which, in turns, leads to more melting, a vicious
cycle.

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Human activities increases the
greenhouse effect. These include:

➢ Burning of fossil fuels and

deforestation.
➢ Livestock and paddy rice
farming, land use and wetland
changes, pipeline losses, and
covered vented landfill
emissions.
➢ Use of chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs)
➢ Agricultural activities.
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Effects of Global Warming
➢ It affect both natural environment and human life.
➢ Rising of se level from 110-770mm by the year 2100.
➢ Repercussions to agriculture.
➢ Reductions in the ozone layer.
➢ Increased intensity and frequency of typhoons and extreme
weather events.
➢ Lowering of ocean pH.
➢ Spread of diseases such as malaria and dengue fever, and mass
extinction of animals and plants.

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Solutions to Global Warming
➢ Purchase energy- efficient cars.
➢ Buy more appliances with the energy
star label.
➢ Replace incandescent light bulbs with
compact fluorescents which use a
third to a quarter of the electricity and
last ten times.
➢ Employ house weatherization (house
landscaping) which requires as little
heat and air conditioning as possible.
➢ Plant more trees, building more
walkways and bike path and providing
better public transportation.
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Disaster
DISASTER
Characterized by several elements namely,
hazards, risks, people or community, and
vulnerability (Dr. Renato U. Solidum Jr.).
Hazards or the physical impact of the disturbance
is heightened by the amount of Risk (R) to the
people and community. More over, the degree of
the vulnerability (V) of all involved further fuels the
magnitude of a disaster.

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Disaster Equation

H × R + V= Disaster
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❖
“
Disaster Management Cycle is a
traditional approach to disaster
management in which disaster
measures are regarded as a
number of phased sequence of
action or continuum.
❖ Comprehensive Risk Management
process has the potential to break
the cycle of damage and
reconstruction when a
community is subjected to
repeated natural hazards. A
strategy must be in place and
ready for immediate
11 implementation through advance
Risk Management Measures
1. Engineering measures.
2. Keep hazards away from people.
3. Modify Hazards
4. Early warning.
5. Preparedness planning.
6. Reconstruction planning.
7. Mainstreaming risk management in development
practice and institutionalization.

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DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Dealing with man- made and natural disasters.

➢ Natural Disasters are inevitable. However,

with modern technology, communities can
prepare and minimize the damage to lives
and properties.
➢ According to United Nations Disaster Relief
Office (UNDRO), there is an increasing
number of people who are affected by
disasters all over the world including the
richest countries. Poor communities in the
Philippines are the ones to suffer the most
damage brought about by calamities.

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Hazard

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Five (5) Reasons for the Situation
1. Rapid population growth.
2. Concentration of population in high-risk areas like flood
plains, landslide- prone slopes and seismic zones.
3. Destruction of marshes by real estate developers.
4. Man-made destruction.
5. Increasing poverty that leads to substandard housing.

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Hazard
a dangerous phenomenon, substance,
human activity or condition that may
cause lose of life, property damage or
loss of livelihoods and services, and
environmental damages.

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Two Classifications of Hazard

NATURAL HAZARD TECHNOLOGICAL OR

are naturally occurring MAN-MADE HAZARD
physical phenomena are events that are
caused either by rapid caused by humans and
or slow onset events occur in or close to
which can be human settlement. This
geological, hydro- can include
meteorological, and environmental
biological. degradation, pollution,
and accidents.
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Hazard Management
➢ is the process by which the
government makes plan which
consist of policies, project, and
supportive actions to guide
economic, social and spatial
development over a period of time.

➢ also it is divided into pre-event

measures, actions, during and
immediately following an event
and post disaster measure. In
approximate chronological order,
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they are as follows:
❖ NATURAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT
- information from the analysis of an
area’s hazards and vulnerability to them is
integrated in an analysis of risk which is an
estimate of the probability of expected loss
for given hazardous event. Formal risk
analysis are time-consuming and costly,
but available shortcut methods can give
adequate results for project evaluation.
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❖ Disaster Mitigation
➢ an accurate and timely prediction of
a hazardous event saves human live
but does little to reduce economic
losses or social disruption. The
concept of disaster mitigation is the
basic assumption that the impact of
disaster can be avoided or reduce
when they have been anticipated
during development planning.
➢ also included data collection and
analysis to identify and evaluate
appropriate measures that are
incorporated in development
20 planning.
NATURAL HAZARD
PREDICTION
- the prediction of a
natural events is direct
outcome of scientific
investigation into its
cause and in aimed at
establishing the
probability of the next
occurrence in terms of
time, places, and range of
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
-solidum also emphasizes
that the two levels of preparedness
can be identified: public safety
information and hazard awareness
planning .the first includes a
number of efforts aimed at
increasing the amount of
information disseminated to the
public and at promoting
cooperation between the public and
the authorities in case of an
emergency.
Among the activities that may
minimize the impact of disaster are

1. Identification of areas most

prone to typhoons and other
calamities.
2. Display and teaching of
structural improvements.
3. Preparation of educational
material.
4. Community involvement and
mobilization.
5. Media liaison.
DISASTER PREVENTION AND
MITIGATION
-include legislation and regulatory
measures principally in the fields of
physical and urban planning public
works and construction. Drills and
shelters for times of disaster are also
needed.

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A. Principles of Disaster
Preparedness
1. The risk must be known.
2. Potential hazards must be
identified.
3. Incidence of hazard
occurrences must be
calculated.
4. Secondary risk must be
identified.
B. Vulnerability must be
known
1. Risk must be determined.
2. Likely damage and
disrupted must be
assessed.
3. Human needs must be in
place.
C. Mitigation measures must be in
place

1. Required mitigation measures

must be formulated.
2. Non-structural mitigation
measures must be instituted.
D. Preparedness system must be ready

1. All parties should be in a state of readiness.

2. A focal point for preparedness must exist.
3. A management system for emergency respose
must be in place.
4. Plans must exist and planning must occur
regularly.
5. Training and practices must be regularly.
6. Warning system must be operational at all
times.
7. Authorities and the public must be fully
informed.
LAND-USE PLANNING (RISK
ZONING)
While there are maps that
show earthquakes faults, areas
hit by tidal waves, and paths of
typhoons throughout the year,
there is a dearth of information
regarding risk areas at the
barangay and even at the
municipal levels.
The government should conduct studies on
the following:
1. Surveys of mountainsides, riverbanks,
and coastal areas for their suitability as
housing sites, farming and mining areas
and the like
2. Rational plans for urban centers
showing industrial sites
3. Identification of areas for reforestation,
forest preservation and other nature
conservation measures
4. Building codes regarding height, type of
materials and other specification for
The National Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Council and Its
Operating Policies.
The Department of National Defence (DND) and the Armed
forces of the Philippine have the capability to react during
natural calamities. The National Disaster Coordinating
Council, by virtue of Memorandum Order no. 4 issued
some functional policies and procedures to assist the
victims of calamities.
The DND organized an action -oriented Civil Defence Plan
with the creation of the National Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Council (NDRRMC).
Calamity funds are released directly to the implementing
department and agencies. Funds allotted to the DSWD use
for emergency relief to a disaster victims.
The NDRRMC is
composed of the ff.

a.)Secretary of DOH j.)Secretary of DFA

b.)Secretary of DENR k.)Secretary of DOJ
c.)Secretary of DA l.)Secretary of DOLE
d.)Secretary of DepEd m.)Secretary of DFA
e.)Secretary of DOE n.)Secretary of DOT
f.)Secretary of DOF o.)The Executive
g.)Secretary of DTI Secretary
h.)Secretary of DOTC p.)Secretary of OPAAP
i.)Secretary of DPWH
q.) Chairman, CHED x.) Chairperson, HUDCC
r.) Chief of Staff, AFP y.) Executive Director of
s.) Chief, PNP the Climate Change
t.) The Press Secretary Office of the Climate
u.) Secretary General Change Commission
of the (PNRC) z.) President, GSIS;
v.) Commissioner of
NACVDC
w.) Chairperson,
National Commission
of the Role of Filipino
Women
(aa) President, (SSS)
(bb)President, (PhilHealth)
(cc)President, (ULAP)
(dd)President, ( LPP)
(ee)President, (LMB)
(ff)President, (LCP)
(gg)President,(LMP)
(hh) 4 representatives from the
CSOs
(ii) 1 representative from the
private
sector
(jj)Administration of the OCD
Role of Government Agencies
During calamity operation, the National Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Council ( NDRRMC) makes
available all facilities and the expertise relative to the
effective implementation of the mission.
The members and tasks of NDRRMC are follows:

1. The Chairman convenes the Council as often as

necessary and calls on all other department/bureaus
/agencies and the private sector for assistance when the
need arises.
2. The OCD administrator
coordinates the activities and
functions of the various agencies
and instrumentalities of the
government to implement the
policies and programs of the
NDRRMC.
3. The DILG Secretary overseas
the organization of DCCs. The
establishment of disaster operation
centers of all local governments.
4. The DSWD secretary extends
relief assistance and social
services to the victims as
necessary.
5. The DOH secretary provides health
services during emergencies as
necessary and organized reaction
teams in health assistance.
6. The NEDA Director -General
analyzes the effects of disaster on the
Socio -economic plan and develops a
assessment scheme.
7. The DOLE secretary provides
emergency employment opportunities
to disaster victim and organizes and
trains disaster control groups in
industrial complexes.
8. The DepEd secretary provides assistance in the
public education and campaign regarding
preparedness, prevention and mitigation, makes
available schools building as evacuation centers.

9. The DTI secretary maintains the normal level of

prices of commodities during emergencies and
reaction team in tall or big buildings used for
recreational purposes.

10. The DA secretary undertakes surveys in disaster

areas to determine the extend of damage of
agricultural crops and renders technical assistance
to disaster victim whose crops have been destroyed.
11. The DBM secretary releases
funds required by the department for
disaster operations.
12. The DENR secretary overseas
the reforestation and control of areas
which tend to cause ground
subsidence; formulated rules and
regulation for the control of water and
land pollution.
13. The DOF secretary issues rules
and regulation with the relevant
agencies for funding by the
government of the requirements for
organizing.
14. The DPWH secretary restores
destroyed public structures and
provides heavy and light equipment
for relief and recovery operation.
15. The DOT Secretary organizes and
trains disaster control group and
reaction tram in tourist-oriented
facilities.
16. The DOTC secretary destroyed
communication and transportation
facilities and organizes emergency
transport services from the national
level down to the barangay level.
17. The PIA director provides public
information service through
dissemination of disaster mitigation
measures.
18. The PNRC Secretary-General
conducts disaster leadership training
courses; and assists in the training of
DCCs at all levels.and helps in providing
emergency relief assistance Yi disaster
victims.
19. The AFP Chief of Staff ensures
security in disaster areas, and provide
transportation facilities for the rapid
movement of relief supplies and
personnel and evacuation of disaster
Contribution In Disaster Management
All as -bodied young citizens should involve
themselves in civic action in the community where
they live. In this time of natural calamaties or man-
made disaster, the youth should be willing and ready
to extend direct assistance to calamity victims
through the ft. activities:

1. Sorting , loading,and distribution of relief goods

2. Administering first aid treatment to victims
3. Disseminating information to concerned
individuals
4. Surveying of affected families and areas
5. Monitoring and liaising work
Youth development agencies should establish coordination and linkages to be
set up before, during and after every disaster . By using the NDRRMC
operational model, the youth development agencies should:

1. Plan disaster management activities before a calamity strikes.

2. See to it the available resources could meet the needs of the chosen
activities
3. Coordinate all activities properly with the city, provincial and municipal
disaster coordinating council.
4. Organize the group. They should assign responsibilities which the members
can handle properly.
5. Work as a team. They should coordinate efforts with other organizations.
“ End
Group 12

Mary Grace Antenor

Princess De Vera
Jerome Jimenez
Princess Catalan
Mariel Munar