Commission on Higher Education

CORDOVA Public college

Gabi, Cordova Cebu
MODULE 7 AND 8
LIFE, WORKS AND WRITING OF DR. JOSE RIZAL

NAME:KHENT HAROLD LARAYOS COURSE AND YEAR:BSIT 2B DATE: 11/22/2020_

I. COURSE CONTENT: FIRST HOME COMING AND SECOND HOME COMING

II. OBJECTIVE:
AT THE END OF THIS MODULE, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO:
1. Identify the important factors of First Home Coming and Second Home Coming of
Dr. Jose Rizal in the Philippines
2. Explain the purpose of La Liga Filipina and be able to identify its distinctions from
other organizations where Rizal was involved
3. Discuss the effect of Noli Me Tangere
4. Describe the influence of Religion to one’s life.
III. SOURCES:
http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Jos%C 3%A 9_Rizal http: //www. scribd. com/doc/8424021/Dr-Jose-
Rizal-at-the-University-of-Santo-Tomas http: //www. scribd. com/doc/21694647/Life-and-Works-of-Rizal
http: //www. ac. wwu. edu/~fasawwu/resources/rizal/biography. htm http: //asianhistory. about.
com/od/profilesofasianleaders/p/joserizalbio. htm http: //www. joserizal. ph/ed 02. html http:
//joserizal. info/Biography/man_and_martyr/chapter 04. Htm

III. LESSON:

FIRST HOMECOMING (1887-1888)

Because of the publication of the Noli Me Tangere and the uproar it caused among the friars, Rizal was
warned by Paciano (his brother), Silvestre Ubaldo (his brother-in-law), Chenggoy (Jose M. Cecilio) and
other friends not to return home.
-Rizal was determined to return to the Philippines for the following reasons:
(1) to operate on his mother’s eyes
(2) to serve his people who had long been oppressed by Spanish tyrants
(3) to find out for himself how Noli and his other writings were affecting Filipinos and Spaniards

in the Philippines and

(4) to inquire why Leonor Rivera remained silent
•July 29, 1887- Rizal wrote to his father, announcing his homecoming, “on the
15th of July, I shall embark for our country, so that from the 15th to the 30th of August, we shall see
each other”

DELIGHTFUL TRIP TO MANILA

-Rizal left Rome by train for Marseilles, a French port, which he reached without mishap.
•July 3, 1887-Rizal boarded the steamer Djemnah, the same streamer which brought him to
Europe 5years ago
•July 30, 1887-at Saigon, Rizal transferred to another steamer, Haiphong, which was Manila-bounded
•August 2, 1887- the steamer left Saigon for Manila

ARRIVAL IN MANILA
•August 3, 1887- the moon was full and Rizal slept soundly the whole night. The calm sea, illuminated by
the silvery moonlight, was a magnificent sight to him
•near midnight of August 5, 1887, the Haiphong arrived in Manila

HAPPY HOMECOMING
•August 8, 1887- Rizal returned to Calamba
•In Calamba, Rizal established a medical clinic. His first patient was his mother, who was almost blind.
•Rizal, who came to be called “Doctor Uliman” because he came from Germany, treated their ailments
and soon he acquired a lucrative medical practice
•Rizal opened a gymnasium for young folks, where he introduced European sports
•Rizal suffered one failure during his six months of sojourn in Calamba—his failure to see Leonor Rivera
STORM OVER THE NOLI
•Governor General Emilio Terrero (1885-1888)-requesting Rizal to come to Malacañang Palace
•Don Jose Taviel de Andrade-a young Spanish lieutenant assigned by Governor General Terrero to
posed as bodyguard of Rizal
•Msgr. Pedro Payo (a Dominican) - sent a copy of Noli to Father Rector Gregorio Echavarria of the
University of Sto. Tomas for examination by a committee of the faculty
•The report of the faculty members of University of Santo Tomas stated that the Noli was
“heretical ,impious, and scandalous in the religious order and anti-patriotic, subversive of public order,
injurious to the government of Spain and its function in the Philippine Islands in the political order”
•Permanent Commission of Censorship-a committee composed of priest and laymen
•Fr. Salvador Font- Augustinian cura of Tondo, head of the committee-found the novel to contain
subversive ideas against the Church and Spain, and recommended “that the importation,
reproduction, and circulation of this pernicious book in the islands be absolutely prohibited.”
•Fr. Jose Rodriguez- Augustinian priest, published a series of eight pamphlets under the general heading
Questions de Sumo Interes (Questions of Supreme Interest) to blast the Noli and other anti-Spanish
writings
•Vicente Barrantes - Spanish academician of Madrid, who formerly criticized the Noli in an
article published in La Espańa Moderna (a newspaper of Madrid) in January, 1890
•What marred Rizal’s happy days in Calamba with Lt. Andrade were
(1) the death of his older sister, Olimpia, and
(2) the groundless tales circulated by his enemies that he was “a German spy, an agent of Bismarck, a
Protestant, a Mason, a witch, a soul beyond salvation, etc.”
•Rev. Vicente Garcia-a Filipino Catholic priest-scholar, a theologian of the Manila Cathedral
and a Tagalog translator of the famous Imitation of Christ by Thomas A. Kempis-writing under the
penname Justo Desiderio Magalang, wrote a defense of the Noli which was published in Singapore as
an appendix to a pamphlet dated July 18, 1888, he blasted the arguments of Fr. Rodriguez
•Rizal, himself defended his novel against Barrantes’ attack, in a letter written in Brussels, Belgium in
February 1880.

FAREWELL TO CALAMBA
•the friars asked Governor General Terrero to deport him, but latter refused because there was

no valid charge against Rizal in court.

•Rizal was compelled to leave Calamba for two reasons:
(1) his presence in Calamba was jeopardizing the safety and happiness of his family and
friends (2) he could fight better his enemies and serve his country’s cause with greater efficacy by
writing in foreign countries
•Shortly before Rizal left Calamba in 1888, his friend from Lipa requested him to

Write a poem in commemoration of the town’s elevation to a villa (city) by virtue of the

Becerra Law of 1888

•Himmno Al Trabajo (Hymn to Labor)- a poem written by Rizal dedicated to the industrious folks

of Lipa.

IN HONGKONG AND MACAO (1888)

-Hounded by powerful enemies, Rizal was forced to leave his country for a second time in February
1888. He was then a full-grown man of 27 years of age, a practicing physician, and a recognized man-of-
letters
THE TRIP TO HONGKONG
•February 3, 1888-Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong on board the Zafiro
•February 7, 1888- Zafiro made a brief stopover at Amoy
•Rizal did not get off his ship at Amoy for three reasons:
(1) he was not feeling well
(2) it was raining hard
(3) he heard that the city was dirty
•February 8, 1888- Rizal arrived in Hong Kong
•Victoria Hotel- Rizal stayed while in Hong Kong. He was welcomed by Filipino residents, including Jose
Maria Basa, Balbino Mauricio, and Manuel Yriarte (son of Francisco Yriarte (son of Francisco
Yriarte ,alcalde mayor of Laguna)
•Jose Sainz de Varanda- a Spaniard, who was a former secretary of Governor General
Terrero, shadowed Rizal’s movement in Hong Kong-it is believed that he was commissioned by the
Spanish authorities to spy on Rizal
•“Hong Kong”, wrote Rizal to Blumentritt on February 16, 1888, “is a small, but very clean city.”
VISIT TO MACAO -Macao is a Portuguese colony near Hong Kong.
-According to Rizal, the city of Macao is small, low, and gloomy. There are many
junks, sampans, but few steamers. It looks sad and is almost dead
.•February 18, 1888- Rizal, accompanied by Basa, boarded the ferry steamer, Kiu-
Kiang for Macao •Don Juan Francisco Lecaros- A Filipino gentleman married to a Portuguese lady-Rizal
and Basa stayed at his home while in Macao
•February 18, 1888- Rizal witnessed a Catholic possession, in which the devotees were
dressed in blue and purple dresses and were carrying unlighted candles
•February 20, 1888- Rizal and Basa returned to Hong Kong, again on board the ferry
steamer Kiu Kiang

DEPARTURE FROM HONG KONG

•February 22, 1888- Rizal left Hong Kong on board the Oceanic, an American steamer, his destination
was Japan
•Rizal’s cabin mate was a British Protestant missionary who called Rizal “a good man ”ROMANTIC
INTERLUDE IN JAPAN (1888)-One of the happiest interludes in the life of Rizal was his sojourn in the
Land of the Cherry Blossoms for one month and a half (February 28-April 13, 1888)
•February 28, 1888- early in the morning of Tuesday, Rizal arrived in Yokohama. He registered at the
Grand Hotel
•Tokyo Hotel- Rizal stayed here from March 2 to March 7
•Rizal wrote to Professor Blumentritt: “Tokyo is more expensive then Paris. The walls are built in
cyclopean manner. The streets are large and wide.”
•Juan Perez Caballero-secretary of the Spanish Legation, who visited Rizal at his hotel who latter invited
him to live at the Spanish Legation
•Rizal accepted the invitation for two reasons:
(1) he could economize his living expenses by staying at the legation
(2) he had nothing to hide from the prying eyes of the Spanish authorities
•March 7, 1888- Rizal checked out of Tokyo Hotel and lived at the Spanish Legation
•Rizal was favorably impressed by Japan. The things which favorably impressed Rizal in
Japan were: (1)the beauty of the country—its flowers, mountains, streams and scenic panoramas,
(2) the cleanliness ,politeness, and industry of the Japanese people
(3)the picturesque dress and simple charm of the Japanese women
(4) there were very few thieves in Japan so that the houses remained open day and night, and in hotel
room one could safely leave money on the table
(5) beggars were rarely seen in the city, streets, unlike in Manila and other cities.

•Rickshaws -popular mode of transportation drawn by men that Rizal did not like in Japan
•April 13, 1888 -Rizal left Japan and boarded the Belgic, an English steamer, at Yokohama, bound for the
United States
•Tetcho Suehiro- a fighting Japanese journalist, novelist and champion of human rights, who was forced
by the Japanese government to leave the country-passenger which Rizal befriended on board the Belgic
•April 13 to December 1, 1888- eight months of intimate acquaintanceship of Rizal and Tetcho
•December 1, 1888- after a last warm handshake and bidding each other “goodbye”, Rizal and Tetcho
parted ways—never to meet again

RIZAL’S VISIT TO THE UNITED STATES (1888)

•April 28, 1888- the steamer Belgic, with Rizal on board, docked at San Francisco on Saturday
•May 4, 1888- Friday afternoon, the day Rizal was permitted to go ashore Palace Hotel- Rizal registered
here which was then considered a first-class hotel in the city
•Rizal stayed in San Francisco for two days—May 4 to 6, 1888
•May 6, 1888-Sunday, 4:30PM, Rizal left San Francisco for Oakland
•May 13, 1888-Sunday morning, Rizal reached New York, thus ending his trip across the
American continent
•Rizal stayed three days in this city, which he called the “big town.”
•May 16, 1888- Rizal left New York for Liverpool on board the City of Rome. According to Rizal, this
steamer was “the second largest ship in the world, the largest being the Great Eastern”
•Rizal had good and bad impressions of the United States.
The good impressions were
(1) the material progress of the country as shown in the great cities, huge farms, flourishing industries
and busy factories
(2) the drive and energy of the American people
(3) the natural beauty of the land
(4) the high standard of living
(5) the opportunities for better life offered to poor immigrants
•One bad impression Rizal had of America was the lack of racial equality:
“America is the land par excellence of freedom but only for the whit

RIZAL IN LONDON (1888-1889)

-After visiting the United States, Rizal lived in London from May, 1888 to March, 1889 for three reasons:
(1) to improve his knowledge of the English language (2) to study and annotate Morga’s Sucesos de las
Islas Filipinas, a rare copy of which he heard to be available in the British Museum
(3) London was a safe place for him to carry on his fight against Spanish tyranny

TRIP ACROSS THE ATLANTIC

•The trans-Atlantic voyage of Rizal from New York to Liverpool was a pleasant one
.•Rizal entertained the American and European passengers with his marvelous skills with the yo-yo as an
offensive
weapon .•Yoyo-is a
small wooden disc attached to a string from the finger .•May 24, 1888-
Rizal arrived at Liverpool, England •Adelphi Hotel-Rizal
spend the night here while staying for one day in this port city •According to Rizal,
“Liverpool is a big and beautiful city and its celebrated port is worthy of its great fame. The entrance is
magnificent and the customhouse is quite good.”

LIFE IN LONDON
•May 25, 1888- a day after docking at Liverpool, Rizal went to London
•Rizal stayed as guest at the home of Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, an exile of 1872 and a practicing
lawyering London. By the end of May, Rizal found a modest boarding place at No. 37 Charcot Crescent,
Primrose Hill
•Dr. Reinhold Rozt- librarian of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and an authority on Malayan languages
and customs-He was impressed by Rizal’s learning and character and he gladly recommended him to the
authorities of the British Museum. He called Rizal “a pearl of a man” (una perla de hombre)
•Both good and bad news from home reached Rizal in London. Of the bad news, were the injustices
committed by the Spanish authorities on the Filipino people and the Rizal Family
•The greatest achievement of Rizal in London was the annotating of Morga’s book, Sucesos de lasIslas
Filipinas (Historical Events of the Philippine Islands), which was published in Mexico, 1609.
•September 1888- Rizal visited Paris for a week in order to search for more historical materials in the
Bibliotheque Nationale
•Rizal was entertained in this gay French metropolis by Juan Luna and his wife (Pas Pardo de
Tavera),who proudly showed him their little son Andres (nickname Luling)
•December 11, 1888-Rizal went to Spain, visiting Madrid and Barcelona
•Rizal met, for the first time, Marcelo H. Del Pilar and Mariano Ponce, two titans of the
Propaganda Movement

•December 24, 1888-Rizal returned to London and spent Christmas and New Year’s Day
with the Becketts
•Rizal sent as Christmas gift to Blumentritt a bust of Emperador Augustus and a bust of Julius Caesar to
another friend, Dr. Carlos Czepelah (Polish scholar)
•The Life and Adventures of Valentine Vox, the Ventriloquist-a Christmas gift from Rizal’s landlady, Mrs.
Beckett
RIZAL BECOMES LEADER OF FILIPINOS IN EUROPE
•Asociacion La Solidaridad (Solidaridad Association) - a patriotic society, which cooperate in the
crusade for reforms, was inaugurated on December 31, 1888, with the following officers:
Galicano Apacible (president); Graciano Lopez Jaena (vice-president); Manuel Santa Maria (secretary);
Mariano Ponce (treasurer) and Jose Ma. Panganiban (accountant)
•By unanimous vote of all members, Rizal was chosen honorary president
•January 28, 1889- Rizal wrote a letter addressed to the members of the Asociacion La Solidaridad
RIZAL AND THE LA SOLIDARIDAD NEWSPAPER
•February 15, 1889- Graciano Lopez Jaena founded the patriotic newspaper called La Solidaridad in
Barcelona
•La Solidaridad -fortnightly periodical which served as the organ of the Propaganda Movement
•Its aims were as follows:
(1) to work peacefully for political and social reforms
(2) to portray the deplorable conditions of the Philippines so that Spain may remedy
them (3) to oppose the evil forces of reaction and medievalism
(4) to advocate liberal ideas and progress
(5) to champion the legitimate aspirations of the Filipino people to life, democracy
and happiness •Los Agricultores Filipinos (The Filipino Farmers)- Rizal’s first article which
appeared in La Solidaridad which is published on March 25, 1889, six days after he left London for
Paris ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN LA SOLIDARIDAD
-Rizal wrote articles for La Solidaridad in defense of his oppressed people
and to point out the evils of Spanish rule in the Philippines 1. “A La Defensa” (To La Defensa), April 30,
1889 - this was a reply to an anti-Filipino writing of Spanish author Patricio de
la Escosura which was published by La Defensa on March 30, 18892. “La Verdad Para To-dos” (The Truth
For All), May 31, 1889 - Rizal’s defense against the Spanish charges that the native local officials were
ignorant and depraved3. “Vicente Barrantes’ Teatro Tagalog”, June 15, 1889
- in this article, Rizal exposes Barrabtes’ ignorance on
the Tagalog theatrical art4. “Una Profanacion” (A Profanation), July 31, 1889
- a bitter attack against the friars for denying Christian burial to Mariano Herbosa in Calamba because he
was a brother-in-law of Rizal. Herbosa, husband of Lucia died of cholera on May 23, 18895. “Verdades
Nuevas” (New Truths), July 31, 1889
- a reply to Vicente Belloc Sanchez’ letter published in La Patria, Madrid newspaper, on July 4, 1889,
which asserted that the granting of reforms in the Philippines would ruin the “peaceful and
maternal rule” of the friars. “Cruel dad” (Cruelty),
August 15, 1889 - a brilliant defense of Blumentritt from the scurrilous attack of his enemies.
“Diferencias’ (Differences),
September 15, 1889 - a reply to a biased article entitled “Old Truths” published in La Patria on August
14, 1889, which ridiculed those Filipinos who asked for reforms. “Inconsequence’s” (Inconsequence’s),
November 30, 1889 - a defense of Antonio Luna against the attack of Pablo Mir Deas in the Barcelona
newspaper El Pueblo Soberano9. “Llanto y Risas” (Tears and Laughter), November 30, 1889- a
denunciation of Spanish racial prejudice against brown Filipinos10.“Ingratitudes” (Ingratitude), January
15, 1890- a reply to Governor General Valeriano Wyler who, while visiting Calamba, told the people that
they “should not allow themselves to be deceived by the vain promises of their ungrateful sons.”
•Simultaneous with Rizal retirement from the Propaganda Movement, Rizal ceased writing articles for
La Solidaridad
•August 7, 1891- M.H. del Pilar wrote to Rizal begging forgiveness for any resentment and requesting
Rizal to resume writing for the La Solidaridad
•Rizal stopped writing for La Solidaridad, it was because of several reasons:
(1) Rizal need to work on his book
(2) He wanted other Filipinos to work also
(3) Rizal considered it very important to the party that there be unity in the work
(4) Marcelo H. del Pilar is already at the top and Rizal also have his own ideas, it is better to leave del
Pilar alone to direct the policy
WRITINGS IN LONDON
•While busy in research studies at the British Museum, Rizal received news on Fray Rodriguez’ unabated
attack on his Noli
•La Vision del Fray Rodriguez (The Vision of Fray Rodriguez)-pamphlet wrote by Rizal which
published in Barcelona under his nom-de-plume Dimas Alang in order to defense his novel20

-In La Vision del Fray Rodriguez, Rizal demonstrated two things:

(1) his profound knowledge of religion
(2) his biting satire
•Letter to the Young Women of Malolos- a famous letter wrote by Rizal on February 22, 1889
in Tagalog-this letter is to praise the young ladies of Malolos for their courage to establish a school
where they could learn Spanish, despite the opposition of Fr. Felipe Garcia, a Spanish parish priest of
Malolos
•The main points of this letter were:
(1) a Filipino mother should teach her children love of God, fatherland, and mankind
(2) the Filipino mother should be glad, like the Spartan mother, to offer her sons in the
defense of the fatherland
(3) a Filipino woman should know how to preserve her dignity and honor
(4) a Filipino woman should educate herself, aside from retaining her good racial virtues
(5) Faith is not merely reciting long prayers and wearing religious pictures, but rather it is living the real
Christian way, with good morals and good manners
•Dr. Reinhold Roost, editor of Turner’s Record, a journal devoted to Asian studies, request
Rizal to contribute some articles. In response to his request, the latter prepared two articles
(1) Specimens of Tagala Folklore, which published in the journal in May, 1889
(2) Two Eastern Fables, published in June,1889
•March 19, 1889- Rizal bade goodbye to the kind Beckett Family and left London for Paris

RIZAL’S SECOND SOJOURN IN PARIS AND THE UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION IN 1889

-In March, 1889, it was extremely difficult for a visitor to find living quarters in Paris
•Valentin Ventura - a friend of Rizal where he lived—No. 45 Rue Maubeuge, where he
polished his notated edition of Morga’s book
•Rizal used most of his time in the reading room of the Bibliotheque Nationale (National Library)
checking up his historical annotations on Morga’s book
•Rizal was a good friend of the three Pardo de Tavera’s—Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera, a physician by
vocation and philologist by avocation, Dr. Felix Pardo de Tavera, also physician by vocation and an artist
and sculptor by avocation, and Paz Pardo de Tavera, wife of Juan Luna
•June 24, 1889- a baby girl was born to Juan Luna and Paz Pardo de Tavera, she was their second child
Her baptismal godfather was Rizal, who chose her name “Maria de la Paz, Blanca,
Laureana Hermenegilda Juana Luna y Pardo de Tavera”
•May 6, 1889- opening of Universal Exposition of Paris
•The greatest attraction of this exposition was the Eiffel Tower, 984 feet high, which was built by
Alexander Eiffel, celebrated French engineer
KIDLAT CLUB
•March 19, 1889-the same day when he arrived in Paris from London, Rizal organized his
Paisana(compatriots) into a society called Kidlat Club
•Kidlat Club-purely a social society of a temporary nature-founded by Rizal simply to bring together
young Filipinos in the French capital so that they could enjoy their sojourn in the city during the
duration of the Universal Exposition INDIOS BRAVOS
•Rizal was enchanted by the dignified and proud bearing of the American Indians in a Buffalo Bull show
•Indios Bravos (Brave Indians)- replaced the ephemeral Kidlat Club-its members pledged to excel in
intellectual and physical prowess in order to win the admiration of the foreigners-practiced with great
enthusiasm the use of the sword and pistol and Rizal taught them judo, an Asian art of self-defense, that
he learned in Japan R.D.L.M SOCIETY
•Sociedad R.D.L.M. (R.D.L.M Society)- a mysterious society founded by Rizal in Paris during
the Universal Exposition of 1889-its existence and role in the crusade reforms are really enigmatic-Of
numerous letters written by Rizal and his fellow propagandists, only two mentioned this secret society,
as follows (1) Rizal’s Letter to Jose Maria Basa, Paris, September 21, 1889 (2) Rizal’s Letter to Marcelo H.
del Pilar, Paris, November 4, 1889
•According to Dr. Leoncio Lopez-Rizal, grandnephew of the hero, the society has a symbol or
countersign represented by a circle divided into three parts by two semi-circles having in the center the
interlocked letters I and B meaning Indios Bravos and the letter R.D.L.M. placed outside an upper, lower,
left and right sides of the circle
•The letters R.D.L.M. are believed to be the initials of the society’s secret name Redencion de los Malays
(Redemption of the Malays)—Redemption of the Malay R
•It was patterned after Freemasonry. It had various degrees of membership, “with the members not
knowing each other.”21

•The aim of the secret society, as stated by Rizal, was “the propagation of all useful knowledge—
scientific, artistic, and literary, etc.—in the Philippines. Evidently, there was another aim that is, the
redemption of the Malay race
•It must be noted that Rizal was inspired by a famous book entitled Max Havelaar (1860)
written by Multatuli (pseudonym of E.D. Dekker, Dutch author)

ANNOTATED EDITION OF MORGA PUBLISHED

•Rizal’s outstanding achievement in Paris was the publication in 1890 of his annotated edition
of Morga’s Sucesos, which he wrote in the British Museum. It was printed by Garnier Freres. The
prologue was written by Professor Blumentritt upon the request of Rizal
•Rizal dedicated his new edition of Morga to the Filipino people so that they would know of their
glorious past
•The title page of Rizal’s annotated edition of Morga reads: “Paris, Liberia de Garnier Hermanos, 1890”
•The Philippines Within a Century-article written by Rizal which he expressed his views on the Spanish
colonization in the Philippines and predicted with amazing accuracy the tragic end of Spain’s sovereignty
in Asia
•The Indolence of the Filipinos- other essay of Rizal is also a prestigious work of historical scholarship.
It’s an able defense of the alleged indolence of the Filipinos-Rizal made a critical study of the causes why
his people did not work hard during the Spanish regime. His main thesis was that the Filipinos are not by
nature indolent
•International Association of Filipinologists-association proposed by Rizal to establish taking
advantage of world attention which was then focused at the Universal Exposition in 1889 in Paris and
have its inaugural convention in the French capital
•Project for Filipino College in Hong Kong- another magnificent project of Rizal in Paris which also fizzled
out was his plan to establish a modern college in Hong Kong
•Por Telephone-another satirical work as a reply to another slanderer, Fr. Salvador Font,
whom masterminded the banning of his Noli, in the fall of 1889-it was published in booklet form in
Barcelona, 1889, this satirical pamphlet under the authorship of “Dimasalang” is a witty satire which
ridicules Father Font
•Shortly after New Year, Rizal made a brief visit to London. It may be due to two reasons:
(1) to check up his annotated edition of Morga’s Sucesos with the original copy in the British Museum
(2) to see Gertrude Beckett for the last time

IN BELGIAN BRUSSELS (1890)

-January 28, 1890- Rizal left Paris for Brussels, capital of Belgium-Two reasons impelled Rizal to leave
Paris, namely
(1) the cost of living in Paris was very high because of the Universal Exposition
(2) the gay social life of the city hampered his literary works, especially the writing of his second novel, El
Filibusterismo LIFE IN BRUSSELS
•Rizal was accompanied by Jose Albert when he moved to Brussels. They lived in a modest
boardinghouse on 38 Rue Philippe Champagne, which was run by two Jacoby sisters (Suzanne and
Marie). Later Albert, left the city and was replaced by Jose Alejandro, an engineering student
•Rizal was the first to advocate the Filipinization of its orthography
•Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la Lengua Tagala (The New Orthography of the Tagalog Language)
-was published in La Solidaridad on April 15, 1890
-in this article, he laid down the rules of the new Tagalog orthography and with modesty and sincerity,
he gave credit for the adoption of this new orthography to Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera, author of the
celebrated work ElSanscrito en la Lengua Tagala (Sanskrit in the Tagalog Language) which was published
in Paris, 1884 ** “I put
this on record,” wrote Rizal, “so that when the history of this orthography is traced, which is already
being adopted by the enlightened Tag lists, that what is Caesar’s be given to Caesar. This innovation is
due solely to Dr. Pardo de Tavera’s studies on Tagalismo. I was one of its zealous propagandists.”
**•Letters from home which Rizal received in Brussels worried him.
(1) the Calamba agrarian trouble was getting worse
(2) the Dominican Order filed a suit in court to dispossess the Rizal family of their lands in Calamba
•In his moment of despair, Rizal had bad dreams during the nights in Brussels when he was restless
because he was always thinking of his unhappy family in Calamba
•Rizal feared that he would not live long. He was not afraid to die, but he wanted to finish his second
novel before he went to his
grave .•In the face of the
sufferings which afflicted his family, Rizal planned to go home. He could not stay in Brussels writing a
book while his parents, relatives, and friends in the distant Philippines were persecuted
•July 29, 1890- another letter to Ponce written at Brussels by Rizal, he announced that he was leaving
Brussels at the beginning of the following month and would arrive in Madrid about the 3rd or 4th
(August)
•“To my Muse’” (A Mi...)- 1890, Rizal wrote this pathetic poem, it was against a background of mental
anguish in Brussels, during those sad days when he was worried by family disasters

MISFORTUNES IN MADRID (1890-91)

-Early in August, 1890, Rizal arrived in Madrid-Upon arrival in Madrid, Rizal immediately sought help of
the Filipino colony, The Asociacion Hispano-Filipina, and the liberal Spanish newspaper in securing
justice for the oppressed Calamba tenants
•El Resumen- a Madrid newspaper which sympathized with the Filipino cause, said: “To cover the ear,
open the purse, and fold the arms—this is the Spanish colonial policy

•La Epoca - an anti-Filipino newspaper in Madrid

1. Jose Ma. Panganiban, his talented co-worker in the Propaganda Movement, died in Barcelona on
August19, 1890, after a lingering illness
2. Aborted Duel with Antonio Luna—Luna was bitter because of his frustrated romance
with Nellie Boustead. Deep in his heart, he was blaming Rizal for his failure to win her, although Rizal
had previously explained to him that he had nothing to do about it. Luna uttered certain
unsavory remarks about Nellie, Rizal heard him and angered by the slanderous remarks, he
challenged Luna, his friend, to a duel. Fortunately, Luna realized that he had made a fool of himself
during his drunken state, he apologized for his bad remarks about the girl and Rizal accepted his apology
and they became good friends again
3.Rizal challenges Retana to Duel—Wenceslao E. Retana, his bitter enemy of the pen, a talented Spanish
scholar, was then a press agent of the friars in Spain. He used to attack the Filipinos in various
newspapers in Madrid and other cities in Spain. Retana wrote an article in La Epoca, asserting that the
family and friends of Rizal had not paid their rents so they were ejected from their lands in Calamba by
the Dominicans. Such as insult stirred Rizal to action, immediately he sent his seconds to Retana with his
challenge to a duel
4. Infidelity of Leonor Rivera—Rizal received a letter from Leonor, announcing her coming marriage to
an Englishman (the choice of her mother) and asking his forgive fess
5.Rizal-Del Pilar Rivalry—toward the closing days of 1890 here arose an unfortunate rivalry between
Rizal and M.H. del Pilar for supremacy. Because of this, the Filipinos were divided into two hostile
camps—the Rizalistas and the Pillarists. The situation was becoming explosive and critical. Despite of
winning the votes, Rizal graciously declined the coveted position
•Rizal wrote a brief note thanking his compatriots for electing him as Responsible. It was the last time he
saw Madrid
BIARRITZ VACATION-To seek solace for his disappointments in Madrid, Rizal took a
vacation in the resort city of Biarritz on the fabulous French Riviera. He was a guest of the rich Boustead
family at its winter residence—Villa Eliada
•February, 1891- Rizal arrived in Biarritz
•Frustrated in romance, Rizal found consolation in writing. Evidently, while wooing Nellie and enjoying
so “many magnificent moonlight nights” with her, he kept working on his second novel which he began
to write in Calamba 1887
•March 29, 1891- the eve of his departure from Biarritz to Paris, he finished the
manuscript of El Filibusterismo
•March 30, 1891-Rizal bade farewell to the hospitable and friendly Boustead’s and proceeded to Paris
by train
•April 4, 1891-Rizal wrote to his friend, Jose Ma. Basa, in Hong Kong from Paris, expressing his desire to
go to that British colony and practice ophthalmology in order to earn his living
•Middle of April, 1891- Rizal was back in Brussels
•Since abdicating his leadership in Madrid in January, 1891, owing to the intrigues of his
jealous compatriots, Rizal retired from the Propaganda Movement or reform crusade
•May 1, 1891-Rizal notified the Propaganda authorities in Manila to cancel his monthly allowance and
devote the money to some better cause
•Rizal’s notification was contained in a letter addressed to Mr. A.L. Lorena (pseudonym of
Deodar to Arellano)
•May 30, 1891-revision of the finished manuscript of El Filibusterismo was mostly completed
•June 13, 1891-Rizal informed Basa that he was negotiating with a printing firm

EL DECISION TO RETURN TO MANILA

•May, 1892- Rizal made up his mind to return to Manila.
•This decision was spurred by the following:
(1) to confer with Governor Despujol regarding his Borneo colonization project
(2) to establish the La Liga Filipina in Manila
(3) to prove that Eduardo de Lete was wrong in attacking him in Madrid that he (Rizal), being
comfortable and safe in Hong Kong, had abandoned the country’s cause
•Lete’s attack, which was printed in La Solidaridad on April 15, 1892, portrayed Rizal as
cowardly ,egoistic, opportunistic—a patriot in words only
•June 20, 1892- Rizal wrote two letters which he sealed, inscribed on each envelope “to be opened
after my death” and gave them to his friend Dr. Marques for safe keeping
•The first letter, addressed
TO MY PARENTS, BRETHREN, AND FRIENDS. The second letter, addressed TO THE FILIPINOS
•June 21, 1892- Rizal penned another letter in Hong Kong for Governor Despujol, incidentally his third
letter to that discourteous Spanish chief executive
•Immediately after Rizal’s departure from Hong Kong, the Spanish consul general who
issued the government guarantee of safety, sent a cablegram to Governor Despujol that the victim “is
in the trap”. On the same day (June 21, 1892), a secret case was filed in Manila against Rizal and his
followers “foranti-religious and anti-patriotic agitation”
•Luis de la Torre- secretary of Despujol, ordered to find out if Rizal was naturalized as a German citizen

SECOND HOMECOMING AND THE LIGA FILIPINA

-
Rizal’s bold return to Manila in June, 1892 was his second homecoming-Rizal firmly believed that the
fight for Filipino liberties had assumed a new phase: it must be fought in the Philippines noting Spain.
“The battlefield is in the Philippines,” he told countrymen in Europe, “There is where we should
meet...There we will help one another, there together we will suffer or triumph perhaps. ”ARRIVAL IN
MANILA WITH SISTER
•June 26, 1892- Sunday at 12:00 noon, Rizal and his widowed sister Lucia (wife of late Mariano
Herbosa)arrived in Manila
•In the afternoon, at 4:00 o’clock, he went to Malacañang Palace to seek audience with the
Spanish governor general, General Eulogio Despujol, Conde de Caspe
•June 27, 1892- at 6:00pm, Rizal boarded a train in Tutu ban Station and visited his friends in
Malolos(Bulacan), San Fernando (Pampanga), Tarlac (Tarlac), and Bacolor (Pampanga)
•Rizal returned by train to Manila on the next day, June 28, at 5 o’clock in the afternoon

FOUNDLING OF THE LIGA FILIPINA

•July 3, 1892 - on the evening of Sunday, following his morning interview with Governor General
Despujol, Rizal attended a meeting with patriots at the home of the Chinese-Filipino mestizo, Doroteo
On junco, onYlaya Street, Tondo, Manila
•Rizal explained the objectives of the Liga Filipina, a civic league of Filipinos, which he desired to
establish and its role in the socio-economic life of the people
.•The officers of the new league were elected, as follows: Ambrosio Salvador (President); Deodato
Arellano(Secretary); Bonifacio Arevalo (Treasurer); and Agustin de la Rosa (Fiscal)
•Unus Instar Omnium (One Like All)- the motto of the Liga Filipina

•The governing body of the league was the Supreme Council which had jurisdiction over
the whole country. It was composed of a president, a secretary, a treasurer, and a fiscal. There was a
Provincial Council in every province and a Popular Council in every town
•The duties of the Liga members are as follows
(1) obey the orders of the Supreme Council
(2) to help in recruiting new members
(3) to keep in strictest secrecy the decisions of the Liga authorities
(4) to have symbolic name which he cannot change until he becomes president of his council
(5) to report to the fiscal anything that he may hear which affect the Liga
(6) to behave well as befits a good Filipino
(7) to help fellow members in all ways

RIZAL ARRESTED AND JAILED IN FORT SANTIAGO

•July 6, 1892 - Wednesday, Rizal went to Malacañang Palace to resume his series of interviews
with governor general
•Pobres Frailles (Poor Friars - incriminatory leaflets which allegedly found in Lucia’s pillow cases; it is
under the authorship of Fr. Jacinto and printed by the Imprenta de los Amigos del Pais, Manila
•Rizal was placed under arrest and escorted to Fort Santiago by Ramon Despujol, nephew and aide
of Governor General Despujo
•July 7, 1892- the Gaceta de Manila published the story of Rizal’s arrest which produced
indignant commotion among the Filipino people, particularly the members of the newly organized Liga
Filipina
•The same issue of the Gaceta (July 7, 1892) contained Governor General Despujol’s decree deporting
Rizal to “one of the islands in the South”
•July 14, 1892, shortly after midnight (that is 12:30 am of July 15, 1892) – Rizal was brought under
heavy guard to the steamer Cebu which was sailing for Dapitan. This steamer under Captain Delgras
departed at 1:00 AM, July 15, sailing south, passing Mindoro and Panay and reaching
Dapitan on Sunday, the 17th of July at 7:00 in the evening
•Captain Ricardo Carnicero - Spanish commandant of Dapitan whom Captain Delgras handed Rizal
•July 17, 1892- July 31, 289 - Rizal began his exile in lonely Dapitan, a period of four years
EXILE IN DAPITAN, 1892-1896-Rizal lived in exile far-away Dapitan, a remote town in Mindanao which
was under the missionary jurisdiction of the Jesuits, from 1892 to 1896
-Rizal practiced medicine, pursued scientific studies, continued his artistic and literary works, widened
his knowledge of languages, established a school for boys, promoted developments projects,
invented a wooden machine for making bricks, and engaged in farming and commerce

BEGINNING OF EXILE IN DAPITAN

•The steamer Cebu which brought Rizal to Dapitan carried a letter from Father Pablo Pastells, Superior
of the Jesuit Society in the Philippine, to Father Antonio Obach, Jesuit parish priest of Dapitan
•Rizal lived in the house of the commandant, Captain Carnicero
•A Don Ricardo Carnicero- Rizal wrote a poem on August 26, 1892, on the occasion of the captain’s
birthday
•September 21, 18792- the mail boat Butuan was approaching the town, with colored pennants flying in
the sea breezes
•Butuan- the mail boat, brought the happy tidings that the Lottery Ticket no. 9736 jointly owned by
Captain Carcinero, Dr. Jose Rizal, and Francisco Equilior (Spanish resident of Dipolog, a neighboring
town of Dapitan) won the second prize of P20,000 in the government-owned Manila Lottery
•Rizal’s winning in the Manila Lottery reveals an aspect of his lighter side. He never drank hard liquor
and never smoked but he was a lottery addict—this was his only vice
•During his exile in Dapitan, Rizal had a long and scholarly debate with Father Pastells on religion.
•In all his letters to Father Pastells, Rizal revealed his anti-Catholic ideas which he had acquired in
Europe and embitterment at his persecution by the bad friars
•According to Rizal, individual judgment is a gift from God and everybody should use it like a lantern to
show the way and that self-esteem, if moderated by judgment, saves man from unworthy acts
•Imitacion de Cristo (Imitation of Christ)- a famous Catholic book by Father Thomas a Kempis which
Father Pastells gave to Rizal
•Mr. Juan Lardet- a businessman, a French acquaintance in Dapitan, Rizal challenge in a duel—this man
purchased many logs from the lands of Rizal
•Antonio Miranda- a Dapitan merchant and friend of Rizal
•Father Jose Vila Clara- cura of Dipolog
•Pablo Mercado-friar’s spy and posing as a relative, secretly visited Rizal at his house on the night of
November 3, 1891 -he introduced himself as a friend and relative, showing a photo of Rizal and a pair of
buttons with the initials “P.M.” (Pablo Mercado) as evidence of his kinship with the Rizal family
•Captain Juan Sitges- who succeeded Captain Carnicero on May 4, 1893 as commandant of
Dapitan ,Rizal denounced to him the impostor27

•Florencio Namangan- the real name of “Pablo Mercado”-a native of Cagayan de Misamis, single and
about 30 years old. He was hired by the Recollect friars to a secret mission in Dapitan—to introduce
himself to Rizal as a friend and relative, to spy on Rizal’s activities, and to filch certain letters and
writings of Rizal which might incriminate him in the revolutionary movement.
•As physician in Dapitan —Rizal practiced Medicine in Dapitan. He had many patients, but most of them
were poor so that he even gave them free medicine.
-As a physician, Rizal became interested in local medicine and in the use of medicinal plants. He studied
the medicinal plants of the Philippines and their curative
values .•August 1893- Rizal’s mother and sister, Maria, arrived in
Dapitan and lived with him for one year and a half. Rizal operated on his mother’s right eye
•Rizal held the title of expert surveyor (perito agrimensor), which obtained from the Ateneo-In Dapitan,
Rizal applied his knowledge of engineering by constructing a system of waterworks in order to furnish
clean water to the towns people
•Mr. H.F. Cameron-an American engineer who praised Rizal’s engineering

COMMUNITY PROJECTS FOR DAPITAN

•When Rizal arrived in Dapitan, he decided to improve it, to the best of his God-given talents and
to awaken the civic consciousness of its people
(1) Constructing the town’s first water system
(2) Draining the marshes in order to get rid of malaria that infested Dapitan
(3) Equip the town with its lighting system—this lighting system consisted of coconut oil lamps placed in
the dark streets of Dapitan
(4) Beautification of Dapitan—remodeled the town plaza in order to enhance its beauty
•Rizal as Teacher—Rizal exile to Dapitan gives him the opportunity to put into practice his educational
ideas. In 1893 he established a school which existed until the end of his exile in July, 1896. Rizal taught
his boys reading, writing, languages (Spanish and English), geography, history, mathematics (arithmetic
and geometry), industrial work, nature study, morals and gymnastics.
He trained them how to collect specimens of plants and animals, to love work and to “behave like men”
•Hymn to Talisay (Himmno A Talisay)- Rizal wrote this poem in honor of Talisay for his pupils to sing
•Contributions to Science—during his four-year exile in Dapitan, Rizal built up a rich
collection of conchology which consisted of 346 shells representing 203 species. Rizal also conducted
anthropological, ethnographical, archaeological, geological, and geographical studies, as
revealed by his voluminous correspondence with his scientists friends in Europe.
•Linguistic Studies—In Dapitan, he learned the Bisayan, Subanum, and Malay languages.
He wrote Tagalog grammar, made a comparative study of the Bisayan and Malayan
languages and studied Bisayan (Cebuano), and Subanum languages-By this time, Rizal could rank with
the world’s great linguists. He knew 22 languages—Tagalog, Ilocano, Bisayan,Subanun, Spanish, Latin,
Greek, English, French, German, Arabic, Malay, Hebrew, Sanskrit, Dutch, Catalan, Italian,Chinese,
Japanese, Portuguese, Swedish, and Russian

•Artistic works in Dapitan

—Rizal continued his artistic pursuits in Dapitan. Rizal made sketches of persons and things
that attracted him in Dapitan.
-The Mother’s Revenge- a statuette made by Rizal representing the mother-dog killing the crocodile, by
way of avenging her lost puppy-Other sculptural works of Rizal in Dapitan were a bust of Father Guerrico
(one of his Ateneo professors), a statue of a girl called “the Dapitan Girl”, a woodcarving of Josephine
Bracken (his wife) and a bust of St. Paul which he gave to Father Pastells
•Rizal as Farmer—In Dapitan, Rizal devoted much of his time to agriculture. Rizal introduced modern
methods of agriculture which he had observed in Europe and America. He encouraged the
Dapitan farmers to discard their primitive system of tillage and adopt the modern agricultural
•Rizal as Businessman—Rizal engaged in business in partnership with Ramon Carreon, a
Dapitan merchant, he made profitable business ventures in fishing, copra, and hemp industries-January
19, 1893-Rizal wrote a letter to Hidalgo expressing his plan to improve the fishing industry of Dapitan-
The most profitable business venture of Rizal in Dapitan was in the hemp industry. May 14, 1893-Rizal
formed a business partnership with Ramon Carreon in lime manufacturing-January 1, 1895-Rizal
organized the Cooperative Association of Dapitan Farmers to break the Chinese monopoly on
business in Dapitan
•Rizal’s Inventive Ability —Rizal invented a cigarette lighter which he sent as a gift to Blumentritt. He
called it “sulpukan”. This unique cigarette lighter was made of wood. “Its mechanism”, said Rizal “is
based on the principle of compressed air.”-During his exile in Dapitan, he invited a wooden machine for
making bricks
•My Retreat (Mi Retiro)- Rizal wrote this beautiful poem about his serene life as an exile in Dapitan and
sent it to her mother on October 22, 1895, which acclaimed by literary critics as one of the best ever
pen.

RIZAL AND THE KATIPUNAN

•Andres Bonifacio - the “Great Plebeian”, sowing the seeds of an armed uprising
—the secrete evolutionary society, called Katipunan, which he founded on July 7, 1892
•May 2, 1896 - a secret meeting of the Katipunan at a little river called Bitukang Manok near the town
of Pasig, Dr. Pio Valenzuela was named emissary to Dapitan, in order to inform Rizal of the plan of the
Katipunan to launch a revolution for freedom’s sake
•June 15, 1896-Valenzuela left Manila on board the steamer Venus
•To camouflage Valenzuela’s real mission, he brought with him a blind man Raymundo Mata and a
guide ,ostensibly going to Dapitan to solicit Rizal’s expert medical advice
•June 21, 1896-evening, Dr. Pio Valenzuela arrived in Dapitan
•Rizal objected to Bonifacio’s audacious project to plunge the country in bloody revolution because he
was of sincere belief that it was premature, for two reasons: (1) the people are not ready for a
revolution (2)arms and funds must first be collected before raising the cry of revolution
•Rizal had offered his services as military doctor in Cuba, which was then in the throes of a revolution
and a ranging yellow fever epidemic. There was a shortage of physicians to minister to the needs of the
Spanish troops and the Cubans people
•December 17, 1895 - Rizal wrote to Governor General Ramon Blanco, Despujol’s successor, offering his
services as military doctor in Cuba
•July 30, 1896- Rizal received the letter from Governor General Blanco dated July 1, 1896 notifying him
of acceptance of his offer.
•“The Song of the Traveler” (El Canto del Viajero) -Rizal wrote this heart-warming poem because of his
joy in receiving the gladsome news from Malacañang
•July 31, 1896- Rizal’s four-year exile in Dapitan came to an end-Midnight of that date, Rizal embarked
on board the steamer Espańa
•As farewell music, the town brass band strangely played the dolorous Funeral March of Chopin. Rizal
must have felt it deeply, for with his presentment of death, it seemed an obsequy or a regimen
•Rizal wrote in his diary, “I have been in that district four years, thirteen days and a few hours”

LAST TRIP ABROAD (1896)

-No longer an exile, Rizal had a pleasant trip from Dapitan to Manila, with delightful stopovers in
Dumaguete, Cebu, Iloilo, Capiz, and Romblon
•Isla de Luzon-a regular steamer that Rizal missed which sailed to Spain the day before he arrived in
Manila Bay
•Castilla- a Spanish cruiser wherein Rizal was kept as a “guest” on board
•August 26, 1896- Andres Bonifacio and the Katipunan raised the cry of revolution in the
hills of Balintawak, a few miles north of Manila
•September 3, 1896- Rizal left for Spain on the steamer Isla de Panay
•July 31, 1896- Rizal left Dapitan at midnight on board the Espańa sailed northward
•August 1, 1896- at dawn of Saturday, it anchored at Dumaguete, Capitan of Negros
Oriental-“Dumaguete” wrote Rizal in his travel diary “spreads out on the beach. There are
big houses, some with galvanized iron roofing. Outstanding are the house of a lady, whose name I
have forgotten, which is occupied by the government and another one just begun with many ipil post
•Herero Regidor- Rizal friend and former classmate, who was the judge of the province, Dumaguete
•The Espańa left Dumaguete about 1:00pm and reached Cebu the following morning “In Cebu, Rizal
wrote in his diary “I did two operations of Strabo to my, one operation on the ears and another of
tumor.”
•In the morning of Monday, August 3, 1896, Rizal left Cebu going to Iloilo. Rizal landed at Iloilo, went
hopping in the city and visited Molo. From Iloilo, Rizal’s ship sailed to Capiz. After a brief stopover, it
proceeded towards Manila via Romblon
•August 6, 1896- morning of Thursday, the Espańa arrived in Manila Bay
•Rizal was not able to catch the mail ship Isla de Luzon for Spain because it had departed the previous
day at 5:00pm
•Near midnight of the same day, August 6, Rizal was transferred to the Spanish cruiser Castilla, by order
of Governor General Ramon Blanco. He was given good accommodation by the gallant captain, Enrique
Santalo
•August 6 to September 2, 1896, Rizal stayed on the cruiser pending the availability of
Spain-bound steamer
OUTBREAK OF PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION
•August 19, 1896- the Katipunan plot to overthrow Spanish rule by means of revolution was discovered
by Fray Mariano Gil, Augustinian cura of Tondo
•August 26, 1896- the “Cry of Balintawak” which raised by Bonifacio and his valiant Katipuneros

•August 30, 1896- sunrise, the revolutionists led by Bonifacio and Jacinto attacked San Juan, near the
city of Manila-in the afternoon, after the Battle of San Juan, Governor General Blanco proclaimed a state
of war in the first eight provinces for rising in arms against Spain—Manila (as a province), Bulacan,
Cavite, Batangas, Laguna, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, and Tarlac
•Rizal learned of the eruption of the revolution and raging battles around Manila through the
newspaper she read on the Castilla. He was worried for two reasons:
(1) the violent revolution which he sincerely believed to be premature and would only cause much
suffering and terrible loss of human lives and property had started
(2) it would arouse Spanish vengeance against all Filipino patriots
•August 30, 1896- Rizal received from Governor General Blanco two letters of introduction
for the Minister of War and Minister of Colonies, which a covering letter which absolved him from all
blame for the raging revolution
•September 2, 1896 - the day before Rizal departure for Spain, Rizal, on board the Castilla, wrote to his
mother-At 6:00pm, Rizal was transferred to the steamer Isla de Panay which was sailing for Barcelona,
Spain
•The next morning, September 3, this steamer left Manila Bay
•The Isla de Panay arrived at Singapore in the evening of September 7
•Don Pedro Roxas- rich Manila creole industrialist and Rizal’s friend that advised him to
stay on Singapore and take advantage of the protection of the British law
•Don Manuel Camus- headed several Filipino residents in Singapore, boarded the steamer, urging Rizal
to stay in Singapore to save his life
•The Isla de Panay, with Rizal on board, left Singapore at 1:00pm, September 8
•September 25, 1896- Rizal saw the steamer Isla de Luzon, leaving the Suez Canal,
crammed with Spanish troops
•September 27, 1896- Rizal heard from the passengers that a telegram arrived from Manila reporting
the execution of Francisco Roxas, Genato and Osorio
•September 28, 1986- a day after the steamer had left Port Said (Mediterranean terminus of the Suez
Canal), a passenger told Rizal the bad news that he would be arrested by order of Governor General
Blanco and would be sent to prison in Ceuta (Spanish Morocco), opposite Gibraltar
•September 29, 1896- Rizal wrote in his travel diary: There are people on board who do nothing but
slander me and invent fanciful stories about me. I’m going to become a legendary personage
•September 30, 1896- at 4:00pm, Rizal was officially notified by Captain Alemany that he should stay in
his cabin until further orders from Manila-about 6:25pm, the steamer anchored at Malta. Being confined
to his cabin, Rizal was not able to visit the famous island-fortress of the Christian crusaders
•October 3, 1896- at 10:00am, the Isla de Panay arrived in Barcelona, with Rizal, a prisoner on board
•The trip from Manila to Barcelona lasted exactly 30 days. Rizal was kept under heavy guard in his cabin
for three days
•General Eulogio Despujol- military commander of Barcelona who ordered his banishment to Dapitan in
July 1892
•October 6, 1896- at 3:00am, Rizal was awakened by the guards and escorted to the grim and infamous
prison-fortress named Monjuich
•About 2:00 in the afternoon, Rizal was taken out of prison by the guards and brought to the
headquarters of General Despujol
•Colon- a transport ship back to Manila
•Rizal was taken aboard the Colon, which was “full of soldiers and officers and their families.”
•October 6, 1896- at 8:00pm, the ship left Barcelona with Rizal on board
LAST HOMECOMING AND TRIAL
-Rizal’s homecoming in 1896, the last in his life, was his saddest return to his beloved native land. He
knew he was facing the supreme test, which might mean the sacrifice of his life, but he was unafraid-The
trial that was held shortly after Rizal’s homecoming was one of history’s mockeries of justice

A MARTYR’S LAST HOMECOMING

•October 6, 1896- Tuesday, Rizal leaved Barcelona, Rizal conscientiously recorded the events on his
diary
•October 8, 1896- a friendly officer told Rizal that the Madrid newspaper were full of stories about the
bloody revolution in the Philippines and were blaming him for it
•October 11, 1896- before reaching Port Said, Rizal’s diary was taken away and was critically scrutinized
by the authorities November 2, 1896-the diary was returned to Rizal
•Attorney Hugh Fort-an English lawyer in Singapore-his friends (Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor and Sixto
Lopez) dispatched frantic telegrams to Fort to rescue Rizal from the Spanish steamer when it reached
Singapore by means of writ of habeas corpus

•Chief Justice Loinel Cox - denied the writ on the ground that the Colon was carrying Spanish troops to
the Philippines
•November 3, 1896- the Colon reached Manila, where it was greeted with wild rejoicings by the
Spaniards and friars because it brought more reinforcements and military supplies
•November 20, 1896- the preliminary investigation on Rizal began
•Colonel Francisco Olive-the judge advocate
•Two kinds of evidence were presented against Rizal, namely documentary and testimonial.
The documentary evidence consisted of fifteen exhibits, as follows:
(1) A letter of Antonio Luna to Mariano Ponce, dated Madrid, October 16, 1888, showing Rizal’s
connection with the Filipino reform campaign in Spain
(2) A letter of Rizal to his family, dated Madrid, August 20, 1890, stating that the deportations are good
for they will encourage the people to hate tyranny
(3) A letter from Marcelo H. del Pilar to Deodato Arellano, dated Madrid, January 7, 1889, implicating
Rizal in the Propaganda campaign in Spain
(4) A poem entitled Kundiman, allegedly written by Rizal in Manila on September
(5) A letter of Carlos Oliver to an unidentified person dated Barcelona, September 18, 1891, describing
Rizal as the man to free the Philippines from Spanish oppression
(6) A Masonic document, dated Manila, February 9, 1892, honoring Rizal for his patriotic services
(7) A letter signed Dimasalang (Rizal’s pseudonym) to Tenluz (Juan Zulueta’s pseudonym), dated Hong
Kong, May 24,1892, stating that he was preparing a safe refuge for Filipinos who may be persecuted by
the Spanish authorities
(8) A letter of Dimasalang to an unidentified committee, dated Hong Kong, June 1, 1892,
soliciting the aid of the committee in the “patriotic work”
(9) An anonymous and undated letter to the Editor of the Hong Kong Telegraph, censuring the
banishment of Rizal to Dapitan
(10) A letter of Idefonso Laurel to Rizal, dated Manila, September 3, 1892, saying that the Filipino people
look up to him(Rizal) as their savior
(11) A letter of Idefonso Laurel to Rizal, dated Manila, September 17, 1893, informing an unidentified
correspondent of the arrest and banishment of Doroteo Cortes and Ambrosio Sal
(12) A letter of Marcelo H. del Pilar to Don Juan A. Tenluz (Juan Zulueta), dated Madrid, June 1, 1893
recommending the establishment of a special organization, independent of Masonry, to help the cause
of the Filipino people
(13) Transcript of a speech of Pingkian (Emilio Jacinto), in reunion of the Katipunan on July 23, 1893, in
which the following cry was, uttered “Long Live the Philippines! Long live Doctor Rizal! Un
(14) Transcript of a speech of Tik-Tik (Jose Turiano Santiago) in the same Katipunan reunion, where in
the katipuneros shouted: “Long lives the eminent Doctor Rizal! Death to the oppressor nation
(15) A poem by Laong Laan (Rizal), entitled A Talisay in which the author makes the Dapitan schoolboys
sing that they know how to fight their rights
•The testimonial evidence consisted of the oral testimonies of Martin Constantino, Aguedo del
Rosario ,Jose Reyes, Moises Salvador, Jose Dizon, Domingo Franco, Deodato Arellano,
Ambrosio Salvador, Pedro Serrano Laktaw, Dr. Pio Valenzuela, Antonio Salazar, Francisco QUISON, and
Timoteo Paez.
•November 26, 1896- after the preliminary investigation, Colonel Olive transmitted the records of the
case to Governor Dominguez as special Judge Advocate to institute the corresponding action against
Rizal
• After studying the papers, Judge advocate General, Don Nicolas de la Peña, submitted the following
recommendations:
(1) the accused be immediately brought to trial
(2) he should be kept in prison
(3) an order of attachment be issued against his property to the amount of one million pesos as
indemnity
(4) he should be defended in court by an army officer, not by a civilian lawyer
•The only right given to Rizal by the Spanish authorities was to choose his defense counsel
•December 8, 1896- Feast Day of the Immaculate Conception, a list of 100 first and second lieutenants
in the Spanish Army was presented to Rizal
•Don Luis Taviel de Andrade- 1st Lieutenant of the Artillery, chosen by Rizal to defend him-brother of Lt.
Jose Taviel de Andrade, Rizal’s “bodyguard” in Calamba in 1887
•December 11, 1896- the information of charges was formally read to Rizal in his prison cell, with his
counsel present
•Rizal was accused of being “the principal organizer and the living soul of the Filipino insurrection, the
founder of societies, periodicals, and books dedicated to fomenting and propagating ideas of rebellion.”
•December 13, 1896- Dominguez forwarded the papers of the Rizal case to Malacañang Palace
•December 15, 1896- Rizal wrote the Manifesto to His People in his prison cell at Fort
Santiago, appealing to them to stop the necessary shedding of blood and to achieve their liberties by
means of education and industry
•December 25, 1896- a dark and cheerless Christmas for Rizal, his last on earth, was the

Saddest in Rizal’s life

•December 26, 1896- at 8:00am, the court-martial of Rizal started in the military building called Cuartel
de Espańa
•Lt. Col. Togores Arjona- considered the trial over and ordered the hall cleared. After a short
deliberation, the military court unanimously voted for the sentence of death31

•December 28, 1896- Polavieja approved the decision of the court-martial and ordered Rizal to be shot
at7:00 in the morning of December 30 at Bagumbayan Field (Luneta).

ASSESSMMENT:

1. There were certain reasons as to why Jose Rizal would again return to his Fatherland. 30 PTS.

Rizal was determined to come back to the Philippines for the following reasons: – To operate
his mother's eyes – To serve his people who had long been oppressed by Spanish tyrants. – To
find out for himself how the Noli Me Tangere and his other writings were affecting Filipinos and
Spaniards

2. Make a reflection on the Achievements of Rizal during his return to the Philippines. 50 pts.

He attended the University of Paris and earned a second doctorate at the University of
Heidelberg, Rizal was a polyglot conversant in at least ten languages. He was a prolific poet,
essayist, diarist, correspondent, and novelist whose most famous works were his two novels,
Noli me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.

Prepared by:

GINA ARAÑAS- CASTRO, LPT, Dev. Ed.D

INSTRUCTOR

November 18, 2020