THE TRIP TO HONGKONG

 Hounded by powerful enemies , Rizal was forced to

leave his country for a second time in February
1888. He was then a full - grown man of 27 years
of age , a practicing physician , and a recognized
man-of-letters.
 Rizal left the Philippines half-sick and disillusion.
 Zafiro - the vessel he ride on.
 The vessel arrived in Amoy (Xiamen), China but
Rizal did not land because of his frail health, the
city's rainy weather and the report that the city was
dirty.
 While in Hongkong he met Jose Ma. Basa and Balbino
Maurico and Maurico Yriarte who were former exiles from the Philippines because of the events in
1972.
 Sainza de Veranda - a former Secretary of Gov. Terrero that spied Rizal while was in Hong Kong.

VISITING MACAU
 Feb 18 Rizal and Basa went to Macau, rode on a vessel called Kiu-Kiang.
 Rizal also visited neighboring Macau where he stayed from February 18-20.
 February 22, 1888, Rizal left Hongkong on board the OCEANIC.

JAPAN 1888
 Rizal arrived at Yokohama on Feb. 28, 1888.
 He stayed at the Grand Hotel (Hotel Grande.)
 The next day he went to Tokyo and stayed there from
March 2-7.
 Later he moved over to the Spanish legation on
invitation of its secretary, Juan Perez Caballero. He
accepted the invitation since staying with the
Spaniards would save him money and he believed
that he had nothing to hide from them.
 Rizal was impressed of Japan's culture:
- (1) the beauty of the country—its flowers, mountains, streams and scenic panoramas,
- (2) the cleanliness, politeness, and industry of the Japanese people
- (3)the picturesque dress and simple charm of the Japanese women
- (4) there were very few thieves in Japan so that the houses remained open day and night, a
and in hotel room one could safely leave money on the table
- (5) beggars were rarely seen in the city, streets, unlike in Manila and other cities
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
 Rizal boarded the English vessel, Belgic on April 18,
1888.
 Rizal reached SAN FRANCISCO on Apr. 28, 1888.
 Dubbed America as "A motherland for the poor who
wish to work".
 He described America as a great country, but it has
many defects too. They do not have real civil liberty.
 When he was asked by Jose Alejandro about his
impression of the country, he stated:
“AMERICA IS THE LAND PAR EXCELLENCE OF FREEDOM BUT ONLY FOR THE WHITES.”
 They experienced discrimination in America upon arrival for they weren't allowed to disembark.
Chinese passengers were even quarantined much longer on board.
 Rizal arrived in New York on May 13, 1888.
 He called New York the Big Town.

LONDON 1888-1889
 He lived in London from May 1888 - March 1889. He chose it for 3
reasons:
- to improve his knowledge on English
- to study Dr. Antonio de Morga's book SUCCESOS DE LAS
ISLAS FILIPINAS, which is found in the British Museum.
- London was safe from the Spaniards.
 He worked in the British Museum Library, studied, copied, and
published Morga's book.
 He stayed as a guest of Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor.

WITH THE BECKETT FAMILY

 He transferred to a private home in No. 37 Chalcot
Crescent, Primrose Hill - this is owned by the BECKETT
FAMILY
 Mr. Beckett, an organist of St. Paul’s Church Mrs. Beckett
4 daughters (Gertrude, Balnche, Flory and Grace) 2 sons
 Rizal came to know DR. REINHOLD ROST through a
letter from Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt
 Librarian of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
 Authority on Malayan language and customs
 Called Rizal “a pearl of a man” as he was impressed by
his learning and character
BAD NEWS FROM HOME
 Persecution of the Filipino patriots who signed the Anti-Friar Petition 1888
 The Calamba Agrarian Conflict of 1888 in which the tenants, including Rizal’s family, were being
persecuted by the Dominicans
 Manuel T. Hidalgo (husband of Saturnina) was exiled to Bohol
 Mariano Herbosa (husband of Lucia) was denied of Christian burial because of the malicious rumor
that he had not confessed since marriage
 Laureano Viado , a medical student at UST and a friend of Rizal, was imprisoned because of owning
a copy of Noli Me Tangere

GOOD NEWS FROM HOME

 Rev. Vicente Garcia defended the Noli Me Tangere against the attack of the friars
 He heard this news from Mariano Ponce
 On January 7, 1891, Rizal wrote to Father Garcia expressing his personal gratitude

CHRISTMAS IN LONDON
 Rizal returned to London on December 24, 1888 and spent Christmas and
New Year’s Eve with the Becketts. He was extremely delighted to
experience the holiday season.
 He reflected on the meaning of the holiday as it reminded him of
memorable days not just from his childhood but also from history. “How it
shocks me to see some people misuse His name to commit many crimes.”
 Rizal sent to Blumentritt as a Christmas gift a bust of Emperor Augustus
which he had made
 As another present, he sent to Dr. Carlos Czepelak a bust of Julius Caesar
 Mrs. Beckett, knowing of his interest in magic, gave Rizal a book entitled
“The Life and Adventures of Valentine Vox, the Ventriloquist”

ANNOTATING MORGA’S BOOK

 Annotating and studying the Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (1609) was the main goal of Rizal in the
English capital.

LA SOLIRIDAD
 Graciano Lopez Jaena founded the patriotic newspaper,
La Solidaridad on February 15, 1889 in Barcelona where
Marcelo H. Del Pilar became the editor.
 Objectives of La Solidaridad
- To establish reform for our country
- To show the unfortunate conditions in the Philippines
committed by the Spaniards
- To promote free and progressive ideas
- To implement the patriotic vision of the Filipinos

LOS AGRICULTORES FILIPINOS

 It was published on March 25, 1889, 6 days after he left London for Paris.
 First Article in La Solidaridad

LA VISION DEL FRAY RODRIGUEZ

 Rizal received news on Fray Rodriguez’ attack on his Noli.
 He wrote a pamphlet entitled La Vision del Fray Rodriguez
which was published in Barcelona under his pen name Dimas-
Alang.
 OTHER WORKS:
- Letter to the Young Women of Malolos
- Specimen of Tagal Folkore
- Two Eastern Fables

THE ENGLISH LADY: GERTRUDE BECKETT

 Rizal had a romantic interlude with the oldest of the three Beckett
Sisters – Gertrude.
 Rizal affectionately called her “ Gettie “ and she fondly called him
“ Pettie ”

GOODBYE LONDON
 Rizal was forced to leave London because Gertrude’s love for him
has become serious
 He could not take advantage of her affection and she would not
be happy because Rizal was still in love with Leonor Rivera
 He decided to move to Paris so she would forget about him
 Before leaving London, Rizal finished four sculptural works:
1. Prometheus Bond
2. The Triumph of Death over Life
3. The Triumph of Science over Death
4. A composite carving of The heads of the Beckett sisters (gave as farewell gift to the Beckett
sisters)
 On March 19, 1889, Rizal departed for Paris
 He was sad as he crossed the English channel for he had many beautiful memories of London
HELLO AGAIN , PARIS !
 Exposition Universelle Held in Paris, France from May 6 to
October 31, 1889.The fair attracted exhibits from Europe,
South America, United States, and French colonies, yet it
really was a celebration of French achievements on the
centennial of French Revolution
 Because of thousand of tourists, almost all hotel
accommodations were taken.
 But he finally lived together with other Filipinos, Justo
Trinidad and Jose Albert
 .In the exposition, there was this International Art
Competition where Felix Hidaldgo won the 3rd prize, Padro
de Tavera and Juan Luna won the 2nd prize, and
unfortunately Rizal got nothing.
 In Paris, 1889 , he spent his time in , reading and checking
up with his historical annotations of Morga’s book.
 He visits his friends like the Boustead’s, Luna’s, Tavera’s,
etc.
 He also organized societies with his fellow Filipinos.

KIDLAT CLUB
 Founded on March 19, 1889.
 Purpose: to enjoy their journey in the exposition; Kidlat because this was only temporary Members
– Antonio and Juan Luna, Gregorio Aguilera, Fernando Canon, Lauro Dimayuga, Julio Llorente,
Guillermo Puatu, and Baldomero Roxas

INDIOS BRAVOS
 Purpose: to stand and not be ashamed of being
called Indios. Members – Antonio and Juan Luna,
Gregorio Aguilera, Fernando Canon, Lauro
Dimayuga, Julio Llorente, Guillermo Puatu, and
Baldomero Roxas
 William Frederick Cody a.k.a. Buffalo Bill, founder
and performer of Wild West shows Buffalo Bill’s
Wild West show in 1890 which presents the skills
and life of American Indians – inspiration of Rizal in
naming his one societal club as Indios Bravos.
REDENCION DE LOS MALAYOS
 Purpose: to propagate useful knowledge, in any forms, in the Philippines; the redemption of
Malayan race. Members – they don’t know each other, as well as we don’t know them. It’s still a
mystery.

POR TELEFONO
 May 1889
 A reply to Father Salavador Font who was against his novel Noli Me Tangere, and made it banned.
 Still he used the name Dimas- Alang.

ANNONATED EDITION OF MORGA’S BOOK

 It was published; printed and proofed by Garnier Freres/Hermanos. (July – December 1889)
 Its prologue was written by Prof. Blumentritt.
 This disproved the Spanish people who claimed that the Filipinos were of low mentality.
 Although this was an outstanding achievement of Rizal, there were still some errors:
1. Commits the error in appraising the history of the past in the light of the present
standard.
2. Rizal’s attacks of the church were unfair and unjustified because the abuses should not
be construed to mean the Catholic is bad.

FILIPINO COLLEGE IN HONGKONG

 Purpose : to educate men of good family and financial means.
 Mariano Cunanan promised to raise P40,000 as initial payment for this college

JANUARY 28, 1890: BELGIUM

 Presentiment of Death
 Romance with Suzanne “Petite” Jacoby

APRIL 1890 – FEBRUARY 1891: MADRID

 Misfortunes:
1. Failure to get justice for his family
2. Death of JOMAPA
3. Duel with Antonio Luna and Wenceslao Retana
4 .Infidelity of Leonor Rivera
5. Rival with M. del Pilar
·
FEBRUARY 1891: BIARRITZ
 Stayed with the Bousteads (Nellie)

MAY 30, 1891: GHENT, BELGIUM

 Finished El Filibusterismo
 Valentin Ventura

NOVEMBER 1891 – JUNE 1892: MELBOURNE

 Hongkong
 Family Reunion
 Ophthalmic Surgeon: Dr. Lorenzo P. Marques
 New Borneo Colonization Project
 La Liga Filipina constitution
 Last Hongkong letters: To my Parents, Brethren and Friends and To the Philippines