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Research II
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Introductions to Scientific Research
Reports (IMRAD)
Research II – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Introductions to Scientific Research Reports (IMRAD) First Edition,
2020

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Research II
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Introductions to Scientific
Research Reports (IMRAD)
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Research II – Grade 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Introductions to Scientific Research Reports (IMRAD)!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from

public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the

standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic

constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning

activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed

21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the

module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also

need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning.

Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the

module.

For the learner:

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Welcome to the Research II – Grade 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Introductions to Scientific Research Reports (IMRAD)!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict
skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in
this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve
the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your
own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of
the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are
expected to learn in the

module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know
about the

lesson to take. If you get all the answers correct

(100%), you may decide to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the
previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways such
as a

story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity or a

situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you
discover and

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understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your
understanding and

skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the

exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the
module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process

what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you transfer your new
knowledge or skill

into real life situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your Assessment

level of mastery in achieving the learning

competency.

In this portion, another activity will be given Additional

Activities
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the

lesson learned. This also tends retention of learned

concepts.

This contains answers to all activities in the

Answer Key module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

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The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a
separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the
module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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What I Need to Know

This module is made for the learners to be able to demonstrate understanding of key concepts
regarding the scientific research reports using the IMRAD format.

At the end of this module, the learners will be able to:

1. discuss what is scientific report;

2. enumerate the elements necessary in making an introduction on scientific reports;

3. write a sample introduction for a scientific report.

What I Know

PRE-ASSESSMENT
I. Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is not part of IMRAD?

a. Introduction
b. Methods
c. Abstract
d. Recommendation

2. Which part of IMRAD is responsible in presenting the scientific research?

a. Introduction
b. Methodology
c. Results
d. Discussion

3. The following are helpful in accomplishing a scientific investigation, except:

a. Objectivity
b. Reliability
c. Culture-based
d. Research-based

4. Which of the following is not true about introductions of scientific research?

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a. State research problem
b. Provide recommendations for next research
c. Lead readers from wide perspective to specific problems
d. Provide justification of research

5. A good scientific investigator is ________________.

a. Judgmental
b. Isolated
c. Dynamic
d. Competitive

II. Identifying statements. Put a check mark on which the statement belongs appropriately.

Statement Correct Incorrect

1. The aim of research must be explained clearly.

2. To give more impact on the research, words with

deep meaning must be used.
3. If the research is a modification of previous
investigations, proper citation is a must.

4. In introduction part, thorough explanation of the

result is not necessary.

5. Format of the research paper is just secondary as

long as the idea is conveyed.

6. Introduction of research paper must be influenced

by social issues.
7. Presenting the research paper should be short but
precise.
8. All sites from the World Wide Web can be used as
reference for scientific research.

9. Sentences in introduction part must be motivating

and easy to understand.
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10. The purpose of the research must be stated
in the introduction.

Lesson
Introductions to Scientific Research
3 Reports (IMRAD)
Science and Technology kicked its way higher with the recent discoveries and researches in
different fields. In this regard, the need for scientific investigation is a must. But the question lies on
how to present your scientific investigations in a way that it will be easily understood by the readers?

Luckily, a format for a scientific journal was established and adopted so that scientific investigations
and researchers can be conveyed without much difficulty. And this format is called IMRAD, the
acronym for Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion.

The next parts of this module will help you better understand the IMRAD format with special
emphasis on the Introduction part.

What’s In

Complete the parts of a good scientific research paper. Clues in a form of question are given to help
you.

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SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

WHY? HOW?

SO WHAT? WHAT?

What’s New

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Being familiar with the essential parts of a scientific research report is not enough in
delivering a high quality paper that will be needed in conveying the message behind the study
conducted.

Extend your understanding in writing scientific research report by listing characteristics of a

good researcher.

Use taxonomy of words for this activity.

Characteristics of a Good Researcher

R
E
S
E
A
R
C
H
E
R

Being a researcher that possesses different characteristics that enables you to articulate the topic or
subject is just one factor in delivering a good quality scientific research report. One must also know
the attributes of a good research paper that will make it distinct among others.
Word Search.

Find and circle 10 attributes of a Good Research that are hidden in the grid. The words may
either be positioned vertically, horizontally or diagonally.

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Attributes of a Good Research

The above activity gives you the idea on how a scientific research paper must be written.
Objectivity is just of the attributes that must not be taken for granted in writing a report since this put
forward the details of the investigation without involving personal feelings or bias judgment. This
attribute does not only pertain to the result of investigations but also on other parts of scientific
research report with special emphasis on the Introduction part.

What is It

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Organizing details is the backbone of scientific research. This is the downfall of most
research paper. Since a lot will be discovered in making a scientific investigation, information and
data will be of a large number as well, so, it is necessary to have format. This will ensure that the
details gathered will be presented in a manner that will not overlap with others.

IMRAD is a short term given to the parts of research paper, namely; Introduction, Methods,
Results and Discussion. This format is used in proper structuring of report and is mostly used in
scientific research papers.

This module focuses on the Introduction part of scientific research paper.

Quality not Quantity… Short but very precise feature that an introduction must possess in order to
carry the message with accuracy using the IMRAD format.

Goals of Introductions in Scientific Research Report

11. State the research problem.
12. Provide background to know the reason behind the conduct of the research.
13. Lead the readers from the wide-ranging sense of research to a detailed one.
14. Provide justification.

Points to fonder in writing Introduction.

• References ought to be chosen from latest publications and reliable book sources to give a
better impression.
• Refrain using difficult expressions.
• Construct simple but clear sentences.
• Sentences must be striking, motivating and easy to comprehend.
• Specific information must be given.
• Aim of the research must be clearly explained.

Three Moves in Writing Introduction

Move Sub-Moves Sample Language1

Move 1: Establishing a
Research Territory a) Show that the research area is a) Evidence suggests that X is among the
important, problematic, or relevant in most important factors for …
some way Existing research recognizes the critical role played
Describes the current state of by …
knowledge and research on b) Data from several studies suggest that
b) Introduce and review previous Extensive research has shown …
the topic.
research in the field

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Move 2:
Establishing a Niche One or more of these are included:

a) Smith’s analysis does not take into account

Establishes motivation for the a) Claim something is wrong with the …
study. Usually this move is previous research b) Previous studies on X have not dealt with
short, and b) Highlight a gap in the field …
can be addressed in just c) Raise a question where research in c) Research on the subject has been unable to
one or several field is unclear specify whether …
sentences. d) Contribute something additional to d) This study seeks to obtain data which will
the field help to address these research gaps.

Move 3: One or more of these are included:

Occupying the Niche
a) The purpose of this investigation is to
a) Outline your purposes and state the
explore the relationship between…
nature of your research
Shows how your research fills b) We investigate the following research
b) State your hypothesis or research
the niche and brings new question: …
question you seek to answer c) Share your
c) This study provides new insights into...
perspectives to the field. findings
d) Elaborate on the value of your d) The present research explores, for the first
research time, the effects of …
e) Outline the structure that the research e) This paper has been divided into four parts.
The first part deals with …
paper will follow

1Sample language above is taken directly from the University of Manchester’s Academic Phrasebank:
http://www.phrasebank.manchester.ac.uk/introducing-work/.

Example of Introduction applying the Three Moves

What’s More

Metacognition: From the lesson, complete the phrases provided below.

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Introduction in Scientific Research Report

I know that introduction in scientific research report is ______________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________.

First, I know that introduction in scientific research report is _________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________.

In addition, I know that introduction in scientific research report is

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________.

Finally, I know introduction in scientific research report is ____________

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________.

Now you know, something that I know about introduction

the in
scientific research report.

What I Have Learned

Read and analyze the sample introduction for scientific research in biology below. Write your analysis
on the box provided.

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Examples of vertebrates having the same size are toads and rats.
However, their physical properties are somewhat different. Rats for instance are

endothermic while toads are ectothermic (Campbell et al., 1997, pg. 487). The metabolic
rates of rats are high. Toads, on the other hand, have different manners in regulating their
body temperature. But, both vertebrates sustain a 37°C body temperature. In this research,
the anatomy of rat and toad were studied.

What I Can Do
Using the analysis that you have done from the previous activity and the knowledge you gained from
the lesson, write an improved introduction of scientific investigation on the anatomy of rats and toads.

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Assessment

1. A good scientific investigator is ________________.

a. Judgmental
b. Isolated
c. Dynamic
d. Competitive

2. Which part of IMRAD is responsible in presenting the scientific research?

a. Introduction
b. Methodology
c. Results
d. Discussion

3. Which of the following is not true about introductions of scientific research?

a. State research problem
b. Provide recommendations for next research
c. Lead readers from wide perspective to specific problems
d. Provide justification of research

4. The following are helpful in accomplishing a scientific investigation, except:

a. Objectivity
b. Reliability
c. Culture-based
d. Research-based

5. Which of the following is not part of IMRAD?

a. Introduction
b. Methods
c. Abstract
d. Recommendation

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II. Direction: Analyze the sentences comprehensively. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and
FALSE if not.

___________1. The purpose of the research must be stated in the introduction.

___________2. Introduction of research paper must be influenced by social issues

___________3. All sites from the World Wide Web can be used as reference for scientific
research.

___________4. Sentences in introduction part must be motivating and easy to understand.

___________5. To give more impact on the research, words with deep meaning must be used.

___________6. The aim of research must be explained clearly.

___________7. Format of the research paper is just secondary as long as the idea is conveyed.

___________8. Presenting the research paper should be short but precise.

___________9. In introduction part, thorough explanation of the result is not necessary.

___________10. If the research is a modification of previous investigations, proper citation is a

must.

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Additional Activity

Write a sample introduction about the filtration capacity of the variety of mask in the market now
that we are experiencing pandemic.

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