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Notes 1 Pre Calculus First Sem

This document provides an introduction to conic sections and circles. It defines conic sections and lists the four types: circles, ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas. Circles are defined as the set of all coplanar points that are a constant distance from a fixed center point. The standard form of a circle equation is given, with the center (h, k) and radius r. Steps are provided for solving for the radius r in the general form of the circle equation. Several examples are given of writing equations of circles in standard and general form, finding the center and radius, determining if a given equation represents a circle, and writing equations of circles with given diameter conditions.

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Carl Daniel Doromal
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601 views3 pages

Notes 1 Pre Calculus First Sem

This document provides an introduction to conic sections and circles. It defines conic sections and lists the four types: circles, ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas. Circles are defined as the set of all coplanar points that are a constant distance from a fixed center point. The standard form of a circle equation is given, with the center (h, k) and radius r. Steps are provided for solving for the radius r in the general form of the circle equation. Several examples are given of writing equations of circles in standard and general form, finding the center and radius, determining if a given equation represents a circle, and writing equations of circles with given diameter conditions.

Uploaded by

Carl Daniel Doromal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SOUTHERNSIDE MONTESSORI SCHOOL

Camella Homes IV, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City

FIRST QUARTER
NOTES 1:
INTRODUCTION TO CONICS AND CIRCLES

Definition of Conic
A conic is a set of points whose distances from a fixed point are in constant are in constant ratio to their distances
from a fixed line that is not passing through the fixed point.

 Circle (Figure 1.1) - when the plane is horizontal


 Ellipse (Figure 1.1) - when the (tilted) plane intersects only one cone to form a bounded curve
 Parabola (Figure 1.2) - when the plane intersects only one cone to form an unbounded curve
 Hyperbola (Figure 1.3) - when the plane (not necessarily vertical) intersects both cones to form two unbounded
curves (each called a branch of the hyperbola)

Degenerate Conics
 A point (Figure 1.4)
 One line (Figure 1.5)
 Two lines (Figure 1.6)

Grade Eleven | First Semester SY. 2021 - 2022 1


Definition of Circle
A circle is a set of all coplanar points such that the distance from a fixed point is constant. The fixed point is
called the center of the circle and the constant distance from the center is called the radius of the circle.

Standard Form of equation of a Circle


The equation of the circle whose center is at the point (h, k) and with radius r.
¿
To draw the graph of a circle, simply plot the center and draw the circle using a pair of compasses with opening length
equal to the radius.

YOU EXPAND
Step 1: ¿
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4:
Step 5:
Note: If we let D = -2h, E = -2k, and F = h2 + k 2−r 2 . Then the general form of equation of a circle is:
____________________________________________________________

Solving for r in terms of D, E, and F in general form


F = h2 + k 2−r 2

r 2=h2+ k 2−F
−D −E
But D = -2h, then h = , and E = -2k, then k = . Thus,
2 2

2
r= ( )( )
−D 2 −E 2
2
+
2
−F

 If
2 ( )( )
−D 2 −E 2
+
2
−F> 0, then the graph of the equation is a circle.

( )( )
2 2
−D −E
 If + −F=0 , then the graph of the equation is a point circle.
2 2
 If
2 ( )( )
−D 2 −E 2
+
2
−F< 0, then the equation has no graph.

Examples
1. In a graphing paper, determine the standard form of equation of the circle given its center and radius. Draw its graph.
a. Center C (0, 0), radius = 5
b. Center C (-2, 7), radius = 4
c. Center C (-8, -5), radius = 3
d. Center C (√ 5, 2 √ 2 ), radius = √ 10

Grade Eleven | First Semester SY. 2021 - 2022 2


2. Write the equation of the circle in general form with center at (-1, -6) and radius 8.
a. Solving by Center-Radius form)
2 2 2
(x−(−1 ) ) +( y −(−6 ) ) =8

[Link] the center and radius of a circle in general form. Then draw its graph.
a. x 2+ y 2−4 x −2 y −4=0

b. 5 x 2+5 y 2 +40 x−20 y +30=0


4. Determine whether each equation represents a circle, a point circle or has no graph.
a. x 2+ y 2+10 y =0

b. x 2+ y 2−6 x+ 2 y +10=0

c. x 2+ y 2+ 4 x−6 y +18=0

5. Write the equation of the circle in general form that satisfies the given conditions.
a. the line segment joining A( 2 , - 1 ) and B( 4 , 3 ) is a diameter.
b. diameter which endpoints are ( 3 , 1 ) and ( 5 , 3 ).

Grade Eleven | First Semester SY. 2021 - 2022 3

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