Mechanical Transportation Systems in Buildings - Notes-1

BUILDING SERVICES – 3

TOPIC – MECHANICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS – MODULE - 3

Ar.RAKESH.M, Assistant Professor, BMSSA
TYPES OF MECHANICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

Forms of mechanical transportation may be found within, around and in general association with
modern buildings and developments, namely
 Lifts/Elevators
 Escalators
 Travelators or moving pavements
INTRODUCTION: LIFTS/ELEVATORS
 An elevator can be defined as an electric lift which is used as vertical transportation of

goods as well as people among the floors in buildings.
 These are used in many areas like Buildings, manufacturing areas, etc.
 Elevators are classified into different types based on our requirement.
 Elevators are frequently used in the latest multi-storey constructions, in particular wherever
ramps of wheelchair would be not practical.
HOW DOES A LIFT WORK?
 The working principle of an elevator or lift is similar to the pulley system. A pulley
system is used to draw the water from the well. This pulley system can be designed with a
bucket, a rope with a wheel.
 A bucket is connected to a rope that passes throughout a wheel. This can make it very easy to
draw the water from the well.
 Similarly, present elevators use the same concept. But the main difference between these two
are; pulley systems are operated manually whereas an elevator uses sophisticated mechanisms
for handling the elevator’s load.
Basically, an elevator is a metal box in different shapes which is connected to a very tough metal
rope. The tough metal rope passes through a sheave on the elevator in the engine room. Here a sheave
is like a wheel in pulley system for clutching the metal rope strongly.
This system can be operated by a motor. When the switch is turned ON, the motor can be activated
when the elevator goes up and down or stops.
The elevator can be constructed with various elevator Components or elevator parts that mainly
include speed controlling system, electric motor, rails, cabin, shaft, doors (manual and automatic),
drive unit, buffers, and safety device.
MECHANICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS-MODULE-3

Ar.RAKESH.M. ASST.PROFESSOR
BMSSA-YELAHANKA-BANGALORE
COMPONENTS:
1 - Control system
2 - Electric motor
3 - Sheave
4 - Counterweight
5 - Guide rails
DIFFERENT TYPES OF ELEVATOR
The different types of lifts or elevators include
Building lift,
Capsule lift,
Hydraulic elevator,
Pneumatic elevator,
Passenger lift,
Freight elevator,
Traction elevator/cable driven,
Residential elevators,
Machine room-less elevator, etc.

1) Hydraulic Elevator
A hydraulic elevator is power-driven by a piston that moves within a cylinder. The piston movement
can be done by pumping hydraulic oil to the cylinder. The piston lifts the lift cab easily, and the oil
can be controlled by an electrical valve.
The applications of hydraulic elevators involve in five to six-floor buildings. The operating of these
elevators can be done at speeds up to 200 ft or 61 meters for each minute.
The hydraulic elevators are classified into four types such as holed, hole less & roped elevators.
2) PNEUMATIC ELEVATOR
The pneumatic elevator can be designed with an external cylinder, and the cylinder is a crystal clear
self-supporting cylinder. This cylinder includes modular sections to fit effortlessly into one by one.
The top of this tube is designed with steel material that ensures tight air shutting by suction valves as
well as inlets. A lift car runs within the cylinder, & the head unit on the top cylinder surface consists
of valves, controllers, and turbines for controlling the elevator movements.
Pneumatic elevators are very easy to fit, operate as well as maintain when compared with the
traditional elevators. These are used in existing homes because of their solid design. The main
benefits of using these elevators include solid design & smooth, speed and flexibility, energy efficient
and very safe.

3) CABLE DRIVEN OR TRACTION ELEVATOR
The traction elevator or cable driven elevators are the most popular elevators. It consists of steel
cables as well as hoisting ropes that run above a pulley which is connected to the motor.
This is geared otherwise gearless-traction type elevator. In this kind of elevator, several wire and
hoisting cables are connected to the surface of an elevator car with covering around it on sheaves at
one end & the other side is connected to a counterweight that travels up & down on its guide rails.
4) CAPSULE LIFT
Capsule lift or Elevators are used in prestigious buildings, which can be called as decoration of a
building because they improve the building’s beauty as well as carries life into it.
The main features of these elevators mainly include design, and travel comfort is best. The interior
design of these lifts is attractive with a large glass panel for viewing. The ultramodern design of these
lifts offers a cosmic zone travel experience for the passengers. These lifts are consistent and
inexpensive with the least maintenance.

5) BUILDING LIFT
A building lift is a vertical transportation among the floors of the building. These are frequently used
in public buildings, complexes, offices, and multistory building. These lifts are important in providing
vertical movement, mostly in high buildings, for a wheelchair as well as other non-ambulant building
customers. Some type of lifts also is applicable for emigration & firefighting purposes.
6) PASSENGER LIFT
This type of lift has entirely included a lift car that moves vertically in a specially equipped lift shaft.
Passengers are travelled between the floors in the building at quick speed.
The control systems in the lift frequently designed to offer the most economical sharing of
passengers all over the building.
These lifts are very space efficient which are used in existing buildings where space is at a best.
The main advantages of using passenger lift give a very comfort traveling among different floors,
particularly space efficient, fully fixed shaft, small construction works, and no level loadings on the
building.

7) FREIGHT ELEVATOR
In the world of elevators, these lifts are workhorses. These are very useful for transporting materials,
goods in warehouses, manufacturing industries, shopping malls, seaports, etc. This type of elevator is
separated into classes, to describe their load capacity as well as application. These lifts are strong in
nature, and they are specially manufactured by engineers.
The features of this elevator include: the range of loading capacity is from 2500 lbs to 10000 lbs,
height of the travel up to 50fts. The benefits of these elevators include; these elevators are designed
for commercial as well as industrial applications. The flexible design to hold the application, door
designs can be changed, eco-friendly, etc.
8) RESIDENTIAL ELEVATORS
Residential elevators provide stylish options to the platform as well as stair lifts. These lifts can be
effortlessly incorporated in any available home, otherwise incorporated in edifice plans for latest
homes.
These types of elevators are available in different styles, and these can be installed in your home
walls, otherwise included effortlessly to improve your home’s decoration.
The main benefits of residential elevators are; they can move you securely among floors even during a
power failure. Quick installation and offers you an effortless life.


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BUILDING SERVICES – 3

TOPIC – MECHANICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS – MODULE - 3

TYPES OF MECHANICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

 An elevator can be defined as an electric lift which is used as vertical transportation of

 Elevators are classified into different types based on our requirement.

HOW DOES A LIFT WORK?

MECHANICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS-MODULE-3

DIFFERENT TYPES OF ELEVATOR

The different types of lifts or elevators include

MECHANICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS-MODULE-3

MECHANICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS-MODULE-3

MECHANICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS-MODULE-3

MECHANICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS-MODULE-3

MECHANICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS-MODULE-3

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