Review of Related Literature

This chapter includes related literature and studies which are significant to the present study, thus
it helps the researcher in preparing conceptual framework and research paradigm.

The purpose of this study is to identify and explore On how How do mass media affect the
political attitudes and statistics behavior of the Grade 12 Students in Naga City

Review and related literature

Our study focuses on the effect of mass media to the students which only prove that the
mass media hast a big role into our society especially to the students. According to Steven
Coleman (2015), there are different types of mass media yet the mostly used mass media are
social media. The mass media has its purpose to create connection with everyone and also to gain
information that can be used. This is no different in the population of students here in Naga City
because through mass media, people can easily and quickly share their different opinions about
topics that are relevant to their lives.

Mass media, in any form like printed, electronic and cyber, are believed to greatly affect
the daily routines and behavior of young adults. For example, television shows and videos that
can be watched online sometimes show violence such as terrorism. Antagonistic personalities
displayed in these type of media makes people, especially the youth, enjoy watching media
contents with this type of genre which indirectly affects their behavior. This is one of the reasons
why parents are strongly advised to monitor their child’s internet activity or the media content
they’re exposed to because children tend to copy what they watch even if it’s harmful.

There was a significant change in the broadcasting of information from the end of the
nineteenth century to the end of the twentieth century. The evolution of complexity is critical in
aiding communication activities or processes so that information can be generated at a faster and
more efficient rate (Caldwell, 2000). Communication activities, on the other hand, began to shift
in the twenty-first century. To obtain information, users prefer to use the internet service. This
technology enables for quick data transfer while also conserving time. Furthermore, accessing
the internet allows for greater information input. A vast range of global information is accessible
over
the internet, including news, sending and receiving electronic mail, shopping, entertainment,
including watching, and more (Mokhtar, 2000)

The availability of computer systems and the internet has increased the public's exposure
to information and communication technologies (Evans at el., 1978). Due to limits in offering
their viewpoint or independent views on news broadcasts, the media operated as a barrier for
users for some reason. The mainstream media, on the other hand, appears to be the platform for
consumers to freely express their thoughts and communicate globally (Chung et al., 2010).

While social media is an internet-based program that is built on Web 2.0 ideology and
technology and allows individuals to create and share social media, it is most widely utilized by
people all over the world (Kaplan and Haenlein, 2010; Ahlqvist at el., 2010). Many popular
websites and social networks, such as Facebook, Twitter, Blogspot, and Pinterest, use digitizing
technology to route more dynamic, quick, and interesting historical information. Furthermore,
more easily accessible information with more flexible storage space can boost the supply and
utilization of evidence (Hernandez, 2009).

The evolution of technology, or structural and technological communication

Human communication has entered the fifth phase, which stresses interactive
communication using internet-based and computing technologies, resulting in the introduction of
new media, or the second media period (Brody 1990, Poster 1995, Holmes 2005). As a tool for
communication and social transformation, the mass media plays an important role (Japarudin
2012).

Review and related literature

The quest for demeanor association has been one of the central issues of exploration
in political theory and brain research. While no single way to deal with this issue will do the
trick,
there is currently a significant measure of proof that qualities are a significant wellspring of
design for political mentalities. I have assessed a portion of this proof, however I have likewise
attempted to show how late hypotheses and exploration can propel our arrangement a lot further.
As I will underline all through, there are as yet many inquiries encompassing the utilization of
qualities in political brain science research.This people erature concentrate based on analyzes
political in conditions improvement a portion of their of political the among contrasts and more
strict proposed and mentality less modernized by the and lit-beerature on political advancement
among more and less modernized people as far as their political and strict demeanor and conduct
patterns.In an underlying test, the two measures were prescient of positions on issues of the day
just as of philosophical self‐labeling, accordingly recommending that the heritability of explicit
issue perspectives could be the consequence of the heritability of general directions toward
bedrock standards of mass‐scale bunch life.

Review and related literature

According to a study by Ruben Enikolopov and Maria Petrova (2017), the empirical
evidence they have found shows that mass media has a great influence on different outcomes like
political outcomes (ex. electoral support of particular parties and participation in political
protests), social outcomes (ex. education outcomes and fertility decisions), and financial
outcomes, such as stock returns and corporate governance performance. There are instances
where mass media is useful to interest groups in convincing people with their beliefs but there
are also times where propaganda performed in mass media backfires to its creators. This happens
when the message of their propaganda is too different or opposite from the beliefs of the viewers.

According to the article of Noradilah Abdul Wahab et. Al (2017), mass media network is
one of the platforms for communicating with ease and spreading information in today’s world
but it also brings negative influence on the behavior of teenagers especially high school students.
Changes in the 21st century education system includes the mastery of computer and internet
usage which can sometimes lead to teenagers browsing websites that are not aligned to what they
are expected to learn. There are inappropriate materials in the internet such as sexual content and
pornographic videos that are easy to be accessed. Because mass media is seen as a source of
reference to society, especially youth, its negative influence on teenagers or high school students
can lead to their unethical and destructive behavior.
References:

Walker, S. (1934). City editor. New York: Frederick A. Stokes.

Ward, S. (2006). Ethics for a revolutionary age: A global approach? Journal of Mass Media

Ethics, 21, 363–71

Cooper, T. (Ed.). (1989). Communication ethics and global change. White Plains, NY: Longman.

Coultry, N. (2006). Listening beyond the echoes: Media, ethics, and agency in an uncertain

world. Boulder, CO: Paradigm.

Crawford, N. (1924). The ethics of journalism. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Dicken-Garcia, H.
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Douglass, P. (1929). The newspaper and responsibility. Cincinnati: Caxton.

The duty of the press. (1897, January 26). New York Times, p. 12. Ethics of newspapers. (1897,
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New York: D. Appleton. Gerald, J. (1962). Social responsibility of the press. Minneapolis:
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Wahab, N., Othman, M. & Muhammad, Najmi. (2017). The Influence of the Mass Media in the
Behavior Students: A Literature Study. https://ideas.repec.org/a/hur/ijarbs/v7y2017i8p166-
174.html

Enikolopov and Petrova. (2017). Mass media and its influence on behaviour. CREI.
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