The University Education Commission M.A. SEM 2ND

The University Education Commission (1948-49)

or
Radhakrishnan Commission

About the Commission

• First education commission of independent India.
• Government of India appointed this commission in 1948.
• Chairman- Dr. S. Radhakrishnan.
• Inaugurated by Abdul Kalam Azad, the then minister of Education.
• This Commission consists of 10 members
MEMBERS OF THE COMMISSION

1. Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, Splading Professor of Eastern Religious and ethics at the University of
Oxford. (Chairman).
2. Dr. Tara Chand, Secretary and Educational adviser to the Government of India.
3. Dr. James F. Duff, Vice Chancellor, University of Durham.
4. Dr. Zakir Hussain, Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi, now vice chancellor of Muslim University
Delhi.
5. Dr. Arthur E Morgan, Former president of Antioch college, First Chairman of Tennesee
Valley Authority, President of Community service Inc.
6. Dr. A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar, Vice Chancellor of University of Madras.
7. Dr. Meghnad Saha, Palit professor of Physics Dean, Faculty of science, and President of Post-
graduate Council of Science, University of Calcutta.
8. Dr. Karm. Narayan Bahl, Professor of Zoology, University of Lucknow.
9. Dr. John J. Tigert, formerly Commission of education of the United States, President Emeritus
of the University of Florida.
10. Shri Nirmal Kumar Sidhanta, Professor of English and Dean , Faculty of arts, University of
Lucknow. (Secretary)
DR S RADHAKRISHNAN
• A distinguished scholar • Former vice chancellor of Banaras Hindu University. • Second
President of India
• AIM- To study the problems of university education in India and to suggest improvements for
the development of university education. Reconstruction of universities are essential for the
socio economic development after independence.
• METHOD OF STUDY- Prepared the questionnaire and sent to the people, about 600
questionnaires is returned with suggestions. Visited various Universities and interviewed a
number of teachers, students and staffs and studied their problem.
• Submitted report in 1948 Recommendations of Radhakrishnan Commission
1.AIMS OF UNIVERSTY EDUCATION: According to the commission, the Universities should
take into account the changes in the Socio-Political Scenario of India and formulate the aims of
education. Training for Leadership, Social efficiency, development of knowledge and wisdom,
love for higher values of life, cultural progress etc should be the most important aims of
university education in the independent india.
2. TEACHING STAFF: Quality of university education depends upon quality of teachers,
attempts should be made to improve their quality and qualification. Their pay-scales and service
condition should be descent band digrified, Teachers must be given leaves for higher studies
both in India and abroad.
3. DURATION OF THE COURSE AND WORKING DAYS: Admission to the universities
should be after 12 years of school course. The first degree should be after 3 years of collegiate
education. The working days in college should be 180 days excluding examination days.
Maximum number of students for a teaching university and affiliated college should be fixed at
3000 and 500 respectively.
4. RESEARCH FACILITIES: The commission stressed the importance of research at the higher
levels of university education. “The Universities shall attract brilliant promising young man by
offering them decent salaries so that their creative faculties are not blunded in the most
productive period of their life by privation”. The commission said “Every university should have
certain number of research fellowships to encourage research”.
5. REFORM OF EXAMINATION SYSTEM: There should be reform in the organization and
method of examination essay type questions should be supplemented by objective type of
questions and oral tests.
6. PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION: Professional education in the fields of Agriculture,
Commerce, Education, Engineering and Technology, Law, Medicine, Business administration,
Public administration and industrial relations should be started and developed.
7. UGC: University Grants commission should be appointed to supervise and allocate funds for
the universities all over the India.
8. MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION: The commission suggested that in addition to the mother
tongue and Hindi, English should be taught at the secondary and university levels. English
should be the medium of instruction for higher Education
9. RELIGIOUS AND MORAL INSTRUCTIONS: The commission stressed the importance of
religious and moral instructions. Students must be able to understand the basic principles of all
religious in order to develop a spirit of religious tolerance and secularism. Moral instruction
should also aim at the development of secularism
10. SCHOLARSHIPS: Scholarships and stipends should be given to meritorious and financially
handicapped students. NCC social service and such other schemes should be introduced as co
curricular activities in colleges.
11.RURAL UNIVERSITIES: The commission emphasized the vital need for establishing rural
universities surrounded by rural colleges to meet the needs of rural reconstruction in Agriculture
and Industry.
12. EDUCATION TO WOMEN: The commission also pointed out the need for establishing
colleges for women with adequate facilities and conducive atmosphere.
MERITS OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS

Recommended that new universities should be established In rural areas for meeting the
requirements of the village people. Commission has recognized the necessity of introduction of
some kind of religious and moral education in universities in order to control the violent waves
of materials of present day civilization. Commission rightly perceived the various inadequate of
the existing university education and draw the attention of the people towards them and has
given important suggestions for meeting them. Commission has emphasized the importance of
study of humanities and development of the spirit of universal brotherhood. The commission has
defined the aims and objectives of university education for the first time. Commission
recommended for the enhancement of pay scales of teachers in order that better persons may
come to teach in universities and may prevent the falling of education standards. Commission
tried to raise the standard of Indian university education on apart with the international standard
of higher education. It harmonies the oriental occidental cultures:- Many systems prevalent in
the west were freely adopted in the sphere of education without spoiling the spirit of Indian
culture.
DEMERITS OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS

Its views on religious and moral education was vague and ambiguous. Though the commission
frankly criticized the defects of the then existing system of education its suggestions for reform
of the system was not all satisfactory. The suggestions on establishment of rural universities
were not much effective. Commission has not chosen to study deeply the problems of medium of
instruction. The commission has not given much attention on women education. Importance of
education in fine arts has also been ignored by the commission. Some of the recommendations
were mere repetitions of the recommendations of previous commissions

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The University Education Commission (1948-49)

About the Commission

MEMBERS OF THE COMMISSION

MERITS OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS

DEMERITS OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS

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