Where did the Cry of Rebellion Happen?

“Different dates and Place of the Cry”

Case study Number 3

_____________________________________________

Reading in the Philippine History

_________________________________

Leader:

Lluvioso, Angelyn L.

Members:

Callera, Lourenz

De Veyra, Irene May

Maroto, Lambert Gual

Miranda, Erica Rose

Ojeda, Vince

Separa, Lyca Mae

2021

i
Table of Contents

I. INTRODUCTION

Statement of the problem………………..………………….………………….... 2

Presentation of the Problem………………..………………..……………………..

Defining Terms………………..………………..………………..………………......

Hypothesis ………………..………………..………………..………………………..

Assessing Related Literature………………..………………..……………………..

Significance of the Study………………..………………..…………………………

10

II. BODY

Background of the Research………………..………………..……………………...

11

Presentation of Data………………..………………..………………..……………

11

Arguments ………………..………………..………………..……………………….

12

i
Evidences………………..………………..………………..………………………… 13

Valuable and concise information………………..………………..………………. 18

III. CONCLUSION

Recommendation………………..………………..………………..……………… 20

Concluding statement………………..………………..………………..………… 20

References………………..………………..………………..……………………… 23

ii
INTRODUCTION

History signifies us about the unified strength of people for what they’ve been

through and what story they might tell us about, also the awareness or consciousness it

would provide. It is also an instrument for the better understanding of things around us

and the world.

We are connected, united and we reign from the past, providing us the path to

the brighter future ahead and shapes our lives, strengthens our faith, and if we want to

truly understand why something happened, only through the study of history can people

really see and grasp the reasons behind these changes, and only through history can

we understand what prospects we continuously see regardless of infinite change.

This aspect provides us an understanding of the past as to what our ancestors

had experienced during their time specifically in the colonial period, where many had felt

hideous oppressions and inferiority to those who had the power or superior in the era of

the colonial period.

As we go on through this study, we’ll be able to learn things about the Philippine

History and what happened before as we recall on the phenomena that might give us

the idea about our National Heroes’ experiences and gives us the authentic knowledge

for better discovery and identifications of events for certain time and place of the

phenomena.

The Philippine history has a lot to tell stories hidden beyond our knowledge and

compromise the gaps between the reality of the present, the past and the future to

better acknowledge the path that encompasses with the infinite changes of the world

1
within us and the world beyond our imagination. This study aims to understand the

history of the Philippines especially to the time of the cry of rebellion where as we go on

to the study, we will be identifying the events happened and the places where it

happened, thus will give us a hint to the cry of the rebellion and it’s additional

information to help us give the awareness to other people to appreciate the efforts that

the Filipino citizens had given their all to claim the victory of the land against the

invaders of the territory.

Statement of the problem

This study aims to know where did the Cry of Rebellion Happen? “Different dates

and places of the cry”. This will give us the fact that must be answered in identifying the

truth behind the “Cry of Rebellion” and what other information we might learn as we go

on with the study.

The findings of this research specifically seek to answer the following questions

about the “Cry of Rebellion”:

1. “Cry of Rebellion”

1.1 What is the Cry of Rebellion all about?

1.2 Where did the Cry of Rebellion Happen?

1.3 When did the Cry of Rebellion Happen?

1.4 Who lead the Cry of Rebellions?

2. Did the katipuneros gained a success fight for freedom against colonialism of

the spaniards by tearing up the cedula?

2
Presentation of the Problem

The study consists of various concepts of “Cry of Rebellion”. This Presentation of

the Problem contains “Some of the information that need to know about the Cry of

Rebellion” which consist of; What is the Cry of Rebellion all about? Where did the Cry of

Rebellion Happen? When did the Cry of Rebellion Happen? And Who led the Cry of

Rebellions? The result of this case study would be gotten from the internet. And lastly

did the Katipuneros gained a success fight for freedom against colonialism of the

Spaniards by tearing up the cedula?

1. Some of the information that needs to know about

Figure 1. Presentation of the Problem
“Cry of Rebellion”

Did the katipuneros

1.1 What is the Cry of Rebellion all about?
gained a success fight
for freedom against
1.2 Where did the Cry of Rebellion Happen? colonialism of the
spaniards by tearing
1.3 When did the Cry of Rebellion Happen? up the cedula?

1.4 Who led the Cry of Rebellions?

Defining Terms

 Katipuneros -Katipunero (plural, mga Katipunero) is the demonym of a male

member of the Katipunan. Katipunera (plural, mga Katipunera) refers to female

3
members.

 Spaniards - Spaniards, or Spanish people, are a predominantly Romance-

speaking ethnic group native to Spain. Within Spain, there are several national

and regional ethnic identities that reflect the country. Spaniards are the persons

born in Spain.

 Rebellion - opposition to one in authority or dominance. It is an open, armed,

and usually unsuccessful defiance of or resistance to an established

government.

Hypothesis

This study will seek to identify the cases of the history where the cry of

rebellion took place and what were the concise actions, they had taken up to further

explain their said rebellion and what chances they get in succeeding against the

Spaniards colonizing the territory of the Philippines.

In addition, this study will give us an information in understanding the story or

the lessons behind their rebellion that will serve as guide in identifying other cases

such as the death of the National Heroes of the Philippines and more, thus will help

us see through a wide range of moral acquisition towards a better and intrinsic nature

of human personality or character and changes in existence.

This study will result to give the facts and pieces of evidence that will certainly

provide us the knowledge about the cases of the cry of rebellion and will make a

general conclusion to the result of the rebellion against the Spaniards if they had

4
gained success and what actions that led to their executions or success in reclaiming

back the territory and the freedom against the invaders of the land.

Assessing Related Literature

In this chapter, we will be identifying other studies related to the topic that were

conducted and will give us a brief description about the said topic or the “cry of

rebellion” and the different dates of the phenomena that took our curiosity in touch af

the history of the Philippines during the Spanish Colonization.

According to the Nineteenth-century journalists who used the phrase "el grito de

rebelion" or "the Cry of Rebellion" to describe the momentous events sweeping the

Spanish colonies. In Mexico, it was the "Cry of Dolores" (September 16th, 1810), Brazil

the "City of Ypiraga" (September 7th, 1822), and in Cuba the "Cry of Matanza"

(February 24th, 1895).

In August 1896, northeast of Manila, Filipinos similarly declared their rebellion

against the Spanish colonial government. Manuel Sastron, the Spanish Historian,

institutionalized the phrased for the Philippines in his 1897 book, La Insurreccion en

Filipinas. All these "Cries" were milestones in the several colonial-to-nationalist histories

of the world.

Originally, the term cry referred to the first clash between the Katipuneros and

the Civil Guards (Guardia Civil). The cry could also refer to the tearing up of community

tax certificates (cédulas personales) in defiance of their allegiance to Spain. The

inscriptions of "Viva la Independencia Filipina" can also be referred as term for the cry.

This was literally accompanied by patriotic shouts.

5
The controversies in differing accounts by participants and historians have

served to confuse the reader regarding the factual date and place of the event. An

officer of the Spanish guardia civil, Lt. Olegario Diaz, stated that the "Cry" took place in

Balintawak on August 25, 1896. Teodoro Kalaw in his 1925 book The Filipino

Revolution, wrote that the event took place during the last week of August 1896 at

Kangkong, Balintawak. Santiago Alvarez, the son of Mariano Alvarez, the leader of the

Magdiwang faction in Cavite, stated in 1927 that the "Cry" took place in Bahay Toro,

now in Quezon City on August 24, 1896. Pio Valenzuela, a close associate of Andrés

Bonifacio declared in 1948 that it happened in Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896.

Gregorio Zaide stated in his books in 1954 that the "Cry" happened in Balintawak on

August 26, 1896. Fellow historian Teodoro Agoncillo reported in 1956 that it took place

in Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896, echoing Pio Valenzuela's statement. Accounts by

Milagros Guerrero, Emmanuel Encarnacion and Ramon Villegas claim the event to

have taken place in Tandang Sora's barn in Gulod, Barangay Banlat, Quezon City. The

National Historical Institute of the Philippines has placed a commemorative plaque

marking the location of the "Cry" in Pugad Lawin, Quezon City. The plaque bears the

date August 23, 1893.

Due of competing accounts and ambiguity of the place where this event took

place, the exact date and place of the Cry is in contention. From 1908 until 1963, the

official stance was that the cry occurred on August 26 in Balintawak. In 1963 the

Philippine government declared a shift to August 23 in Pugad Lawin, Quezon City. On

August 23, 1896, Andrés Bonifacio and his comrades from the Katipunan society tore

6
their cédulas in the hills of Balintawak. This event is regarded as the starting signal of

the Philippine Revolution.

If the expression has taken literally –the Cry as the shouting of nationalistic

slogans in mass assemblies –then there were scores of such Cries. Some writers refer

to a Cry of Montalban in April 1895, in the Pamitinan Caves, where a group of

Katipunan members wrote on the cave walls, "Viva la indepencia Filipina!" long before

the Katipunan decided to launch a nationwide revolution. The Historian Teodoro

Agoncillo chose to emphasize Bonifacio's tearing of the cedula (tax receipt) before a

crowd of Katipuneros, who then broke out in cheers. However, Guardia Civil Manuel

Sityar never mentioned the cedula's tearing or inspection in his memoirs (1896-1898).

Still, he did note the pacto de Sangre (blood pact) mark on who he met in August 1896

on Balintawak's reconnaissance missions.

Some writers consider the first military engagement with the enemy as the

defining moment of the Cry. To commemorate this martial event upon his return from

exile in Hong Kong, Emilio Aguinaldo commissioned an "Himno de Balintawak" to

herald renewed fighting after the failed peace of the pact of Biak na Bato. It is not clear

why the 1911 monument has erected there. It could not have been to mark Apolonio

Samson's house in barrio Kangkong; Katipuneros observed that site on Kaingin Road,

between Balintawak and San Francisco del Monte Avenue. Neither could the 1911

monument have been erected to mark the site of the first armed encounter, which,

incidentally, the Katipuneros fought and won. A contemporary map of 1896 shows that

the August battle between the Katipunan rebels and the Spanish forces led by Lt. Ros

7
of the Civil Guards took place at sitio Banlat, North of Pasong Tamo Road, far from

Balintawak. The site has its marker.

It is quite clear that first, eyewitnesses cited Balintawak as the better-known

reference point for a larger area. Second, while Katipunan may have been massing in

Kangkong, the revolution has formally launched elsewhere. Moreover, eyewitnesses

and, therefore, historians disagreed on the site and date of the Cry. But the issue did

not rest there. In 1970, the Historian Pedro A. Gagelonia pointed out: The controversy

among historians continues to the present day. The "Cry of Pugad Lawin" cannot be

accepted as historically accurate. It lacks positive documentation and supporting

evidence from the witness. The testimony of only one eyewitness (Dr. Pio Valenzuela)

is not enough to authenticate and verify a controversial issue in history. Historians and

their living participants, not politicians and their sycophants, should settle this

controversy.

The “First Cry of Revolution” became the movement of the Filipinos to fight back

on the tyrannical rule of the Spanish regime; it is also called as the “First Cry”, the

revolution of independence. In this scenario the Filipinos tore their cedulas (tax

receipt) and proclaimed the start to fight for independence-the main goal. The news of

the existence of Katipunan spread throughout Manila and so, Andres Bonifacio, the

Supreme leader of the Katipunan organized a meeting outside the city particular in

Balintawak to talk about their next movement for the revolution against Spaniards.

According to him, the start of the revolution will begin at the end of month of August.

Dr. Pio Valenzuela has been authorized the ‘’Cry of Pugad Lawin, who

happened to eyewitness the event. He was also an official of the Katipunan and a

8
friend of Andres Bonifacio. There were two versions presented by him. In his first

version, he said that the prime staging point of the Cry was in Balintawak on

Wednesday of August 26, 1896. He held this account when the happenings or events

are still vivid in his memory. On the other hand, later in his life and with a fading

memory, he wrote his Memoirs of the Revolution without consulting the written

documents of the Philippine revolution and claimed that the ‘’Cry’’ took place at Pugad

Lawin on August 23, 1896.

Another version of the “Cry’’ was written by Santiago Alvarez, a well-known

Katipunero from Cavite and a son of Mariano Alvarez. Santiago is a relative of Gregoria

de Jesus, who happened to be the wife of Andres Bonifacio. Unlike the author of the

first version mentioned (Valenzuela), Santiago Alvarez is not an eyewitness of this

event. As a result, this version of him is not given of equal value as compared with the

other versions for authors of other accounts are part of the historic event.

In 1932, Guillermo Masangkay, a friend, and fellow Katipunero of Andres

Bonifacio, recounted his experiences as a member of the revolutionary movement. In

an interview with the Sunday Tribune magazine, Masangkay said that the First Cry

happened in Balintawak on August 26, 1896. In the first decade of American rule, it

was his account that was used by the government and civic officials to fix date and

place of the First Cry which was capped with the erection of the ‘’Monument to the

Heroes of 1896’’ in that place. However, in an interview published in the newspaper

Bagong Buhayon August 26, 1957, Masangkay changed his narrative stating that the

revolution began on August 23, 1896, like the assertion of Dr. Pio Valenzuela. But

9
Masangkay’s date was later changed again when his granddaughter, Soledad

Buehler- Borromeo, cited sources, including the Masangkay papers, that the original

date was August 26.

Another version was written by no other than the “Lakambini of the Katipunan”

and wife Andres Bonifacio, Gregoria de Jesus. She has been a participant of this

event and became the keeper of the secret documents of the Katipunan. After the

revolution in August 1896, she lived with her parents in Caloocan then fled to Manila

when she was told that the Spanish authorities wanted to arrest her. Eventually, she

joined her husband in the mountains and shared adversities with him. In her account,

the First “Cry” happened near Caloocan on August 25, 1896.

Philippine Revolution, (1896–98), Filipino independence struggle that, after

more than 300 years of Spanish colonial rule, exposed the weakness of Spanish

administration but failed to evict Spaniards from the islands. The Spanish-American

War brought Spain’s rule in the Philippines to a close in 1898 but precipitated

the Philippine-American War, a bloody war between Filipino revolutionaries and the

U.S. Army.

Significance of the Study

The outcomes of this study would greatly benefit the following:

 School. This case study would benefit the school to have an existing study on

the research topic, they would be able to understand some of the information

about the Cry of Rebellion and use it as a guide to help the future researchers

who might come up in studying this kind of topic.

10
 Teacher. This study will help them give some important information to their

students, molding the minds and shaping the information we gathered. The

information gathered will be concrete evidence of where did the Cry of Rebellion

Happen? And the “Different dates and Place of the Cry”.

 Students. This study is significant to the students to know where did the Cry of

Rebellion Happen, the “Different dates and Place of the Cry”, and to better

understand the situation of the past and look through a better future ahead of

them.

II. BODY

Background of the Research

This study aims to identify the facts and the said dates of the phenomenal start

that was carved among the records of history of the Philippines and, to give us a better

understanding about what happened. Pieces of evidence that prove the primary sources

that led to confusion as to when the commencement of the raging battle cry of the

Filipino citizens or the legendary Katipuneros that set the dim fire of rebellion ablaze

against the Spaniards.

There are other controversies that led to confusions about the dates and facts

about the rebellion which makes it harder for others to truly understand the phenomena.

This study is for us to give a better idea or information that will give a valid and

concrete information about the cry of rebellion and the dates about the phenomena,

thus will give interest to readers that will persuade them and give burst to their curiosity

11
in finding out the truth about the history of the Philippines and what conclusion they can

achieve through their studies.

Presentation of Data

This study aims to understand the cry of rebellion in the Philippines, where did

the cry happens, when did the cry happens, who lead the cry and lastly did the

katipuneros succeed using arm revolution to fight our freedom against the Spaniards.

Using different data from the internet we gathered and collected to come up with a

specific answer. Using the eyewitness accounts or the primary sources of the different

studies, we compared their accounts to have an understanding on the exact date and

time of the cry.

In this study we referred cry as the katipuneros shouted “Mabuhay ang

katipunan, Mabuhay ang Pilipinas” while tearing their cedulas. This study aims to

spread the truth using the right resource and evidence that will be presented.

By understanding the different perspective of the primary source, the reader will

realize that it is not easy to study history, it needs a lot of proofs and evidence to prove

history itself. It will make them realize too whether the story is fake or not. This study

aims to make the readers realized that before believing a story you must prove it first.

This study also aims to strengthen the discipline within ourselves when it comes to

history. We have to know the different information about the cry because somewhat in

the near future some of the historian will find sources and evidence on that particular

event and knowing the different facts of the cry, we connect those evidence to come up

new interpretation of the past and become an historical event.

12
Arguments

The purpose of this study is to understand the facts about the cry of rebellion.

Knowing the facts about this event will give us clarification to the misconception about

the phenomena. We must know that the facts use the right evidence and not by gossip.

Another purpose of this study is to know our identity as a Filipino. As a Filipino we must

understand the facts about what happen in our history specifically the cry of rebellion,

the initiative in fighting the independence of the Philippines during Spanish regime.

This study will help not just the students, the teachers but also the future

researchers to give them an upright and see through a wide range of understanding to

the study and make their own as an instrument for a bright and exquisite selves

reminiscing the past.

Evidence

The Account of Dr. Pio Valenzuela indicates that:

The first place of refuge of Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto, Procopio Bonifacio,

Teodoro Plata, Aguedo del Rosario, and myself was Balintawak, the first five arriving

there on August 19, and I, on August 20, 1896. The first place where some 500

members of the Katipunan met on August 22, 1896 was the house and yard of Apolonio

Samson at Kangkong. Aside from the persons mentioned above, among those who

were there were BriccioPantas, Alejandro Santiago, Ramon Bernardo, Apolonio

Samson, and others. Here, views were only exchanged, and no resolution was debated

or adopted. It was at PugadLawin, in the house, store- house and yard of Juan Ramos,

son of Melchora Aquino, where over 1,000 members of the Katipunan met and carried

13
out considerable debate and discussion on August 29, 1896. Only one man protested

and fought against a war and that was Teodoro Plata. Besides the persons named

above, among those present at this meeting were Enrique Cipriano, Alfonso Pacheco,

Tomas Remigio, Sinforoso San Pedro, and others. After the tumultuous meeting many

of those present tore their cedula certificates and shouted “ Long live the Philippines!

Long live the Philippines!’

The Account of Santiago Alvarez states that:

We started our trek to Kangkong at about eleven that night. We walked through

the rain over dark expanses of muddy meadows and fields. Our clothes drenched and

our bodies numbed by the cold wind, we plodded wordlessly. It was nearly two in the

morning when we reached the house of Brother Apolonio Samson in Kangkong. We

crowded into the house to rest and warm ourselves. We were so tired that, after

hanging our clothes out to dry, we are soon asleep…

The Supremo began assigning guards at five o’ clock the following morning,

Saturday 22 August 1896. He placed a detachment at the Balintawak boundary and

another at the backyard to the north of the house where we were gathered…No less

than three hundred men assembled at the bidding of the Supremo Andres Bonifacio.

Altogether, they carried assorted weapons, bolos, spears, daggers, a dozen small

revolvers and a rifle used by its owner, one Lieutenant Manuel, for hunting birds. The

Supremo Bonifacio was restless because of fear of a sudden attack by the enemy. He

was worried over the thought that any of the couriers carrying the letter sent by Emilio

Jacinto could have been intercepted; and in that eventuality, the enemy would surely

know their whereabouts and attack them on the sly. He decided that it was better to

14
move to a site called Bahay Toro At ten o’ clock that Sunday morning, 23 August

1896, we arrived at Bahay Toro. Our number had grown to more than 500 and the

house, yard, and warehouse of Cabesang Melchora was crowded with us

Katipuneros. The generous hospitality of Cabesang Melchora was no less than that of

Apolonio Samson. Like him, she also opened her granary and he had plenty of rice

pounded and animals slaughtered to feed us.

The following day, Monday, 24 August, more Katipuneros came and increased

our number to more than a thousand. The Supremo called a meeting at ten o ‘clock that

morning inside CabesangMelchora’s barn. Flanking him on both sides at the head of the

table were Dr. Pio Valenzuela, Emilio Jacinto, BriccioPantas, Enrique Pacheco, Ramon

Bernardo, Pantaleon Torres, Francesco Carreon, Vicente Fernandez, Teodoro Plata,

and others. We were so crowded that some stood outside the barn.

The following matters were approved at the meeting:

1. An uprising to defend the people’s freedom was to be started at midnight

of Saturday, 29 August 1896….

2. To be on a state of alert so that the Katipunan forces could strike should

the situation arise where the enemy was at a disadvantage. Thus, the uprising

could be started earlier than the agreed time of midnight 29 August 1896 should

a favorable opportunity arise at that date. Everyone should steel himself and be

resolute in the struggle that was imminent.

3. The immediate objective was the capture of Manila….

After the adjournment of the meeting at twelve noon, there were tumultuous shouts of

15
‘’ Long live the Sons of the People!’’

The Account of Guillermo Masangkay

On August 26, a big meeting was held in Balintawak, at the house of Apolonio

Samson, then the cabeza of that barrio of Caloocan. Among those who attended, I

remember, were Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto, Aguedo del Rosario, Tomas Remigio,

BriccioPantas, Teodoro Plata, Pio Valenzuela, Enrique Pacheco, and Francesco

Carreon. They were all leaders of the Katipunan and composed the board of directors

of the organization. Delegates from Bulacan, Cabanatuan, Cavite, and Morong (now

Rizal) were also present.

At about nine o’ clock in the morning of August 26, the meeting was opened

with Andres Bonifacio presiding and Emilio Jacinto acting as secretary. The purpose

was to discuss when the uprising was to take place. Teodoro Plata, Briccio Pantas,

and Pio Valenzuela were all opposed to starting the revolution too early. They

reasoned that the people would be in distress if the revolution were started without

adequate preparation. Plata was very forceful in his argument, stating that the

uprising could not very well be started without arms and food for the soldiers.

Valenzuela used Rizal’s argument about the rich not siding with the Katipunan

organization.

Andres Bonifacio, sensing that he would lose in the discussion then left the

session hall and talked to the people who were waiting outside for the result of the

meeting of the leaders. He told the people that the leaders were arguing against

starting the revolution early and appealed to them in a fiery speech in which he said: ‘’

You remember the fate of our countrymen who were shot in Bagumbayan. Should we

16
return now to the towns, the Spaniards will only shoot us. Our organization has been

discovered and we are all marked men. If we don’t start the uprising, the Spaniards

will get us anyway. What then, do you say? “Revolt,’’ the people shouted as one.

Bonifacio then asked the people to give a pledge that they were to revolt. He

said that the sign of slavery of the Filipinos were (sic) the cedula tax charged each

citizen. ‘’ If it is true that you are ready to revolt, ‘’ Bonifacio said, ‘’I want to see you

destroyed your cedulas. It will be the sign that all of us have declared our severance

from the Spaniards.’’ With tears in their eyes, the people, as one man, pulled out their

cedulas and tore them to pieces. It was the beginning of the formal declaration of the

separation from Spanish rule….

When the people’s pledge was obtained by Bonifacio, he returned to the session hall

and informed the leaders of what took place outside. ‘’ The people want to revolt, and

they destroyed their cedulas, ‘’ Bonifacio said, ‘’ So now we have to start the uprising,

otherwise the people by hundreds will be shot.” There was no alternative. The board of

directors, in spite of the protest of Plata, Pantas, Valenzuela, voted for the revolution.

And when this was decided, the people outside shouted, “Long live the Philippine

Republic.”

The Account of Gregoria de Jesus

“The activities of the Katipunan had reached nearly all corners of the Philippine

Archipelago, so that when its existence was discovered and some of the members

arrested, we immediately returned to Caloocan. However, as we were closely

watched by the agents of the Spanish authorities, Andres Bonifacio and other

Katipuneros left the town after some days. It was then that the uprising began, with

17
the first cry for freedom on August 25, 1896. Meanwhile, I was with my parents.

Through my friends, I learned that Spanish were coming to arrest me. Immediately, I

fled town at eleven o’ clock at night, secretly going through the rice fields to La Lorna,

with the intention of returning to Manila. I was treated like an apparition, for, sad to

say, in every house where I tried to get a little rest, I was driven away as if people

therein were frightened for their own lives. Later, I found out that the occupants of the

houses which I had visited were seized and severely punished – and some even

exiled. One of them was an uncle of mine whom I had visited on that night to kiss his

hands, and he died in exile.’’

Where Did the Cry of Rebellion Happen? - Momentous events swept the

Spanish colonies in the late nineteenth century, including thePhilippines. - Journalists

of the time referred to the phrase “El Grito de Rebelion” or “Cry of Rebellion” tomark

the start of these revolutionary events, identifying the places where it happened.- In

the Philippines, the Cry of Rebellion happened in August 1896, northeast of Manila,

wherethey declared rebellion against the Spanish colonial government.- These events

are important markers in the history of colonies that struggled for theirindependence

against their colonizers.- Prominent Filipino historian Teodoro Agoncillo emphasizes

the event when Bonifacio tore thecedula or tax receipt before the Katipuneros who

also did the same.- Some writers identified the first military event with the Spaniards

as the moment of the Cry, forwhich, Emilio Aguinaldo commissioned a “Himno de

Balintawak” to inspire the renewedstruggle after the Pact of the Biak-na- Bato

failed.Different Dates and Places of the CryVarious accounts of the Cry give different

dates and places.1.A guardia civil, Lt. Olegario Diaz identified the Cry to have

18
happened in Balintawak onAugust 25, 1896.2.Teodoro Kalaw, a Filipino historian,

marks the place to be in Kangkong, Balintawak, onthe last week of August

1896.3.Santiago Alvarez, a Katipunero and son of Mariano Alvarez, leader of the

Magdiwangfaction in Cavite, put the Cry in Bahay Toro in Quezon City on August 24,

1896.4.Pio Valenzuela, known Katipunero and privy to many events concerning the

Katipunanstated that the Cry happened in Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896.

Valuable and concise information

This study emphasizes the different dates and places of the cry of rebellion, there

are also conflicts when it comes to the dates and time of the cry because of the different

information that the eyewitnesses or source had provided. But knowing them all is worth

acquiring because they are primary sources of the event, acquisition of those

knowledge is in fact valuable for it might be possible that in the near future evidence

from the past might be useful and will equipped us to what we will face ahead. Having

that knowledge will come up with a better interpretation of the past.

19
III. CONCLUSION

Recommendation

This study recommends following the National Historical Institute of the

Philippines standard when it comes to the date and place of the cry of rebellion. As far

as this study concerns, they are the one who have a deep understanding about the cry

of rebellion it is because they have the accounts and evidence about that particular

event and such institution has the capability in having the best analysis of the event.

We the researchers of this study (Where did the Cry of Rebellion Happen?

“Different dates and Place of the Cry”) recommends conducting further studies on how

20
the Cry of Rebellion helpful for our new generation or in other term for this millennial

generation.

Concluding statement

This study was all about Where did the Cry of Rebellion Happen. Thus, the cry

of rebellion was on August 1896 and is one of the most important events in the

history of the Philippines. Where did the Filipinos declared rebellion against the

Spanish colonial authorities? The cry of rebellion happened in August 1896 at the

northeast of Manila and there were a lot of day on when it really happened, and the

present dates were between. August 23 to 26. Using the primary and secondary

sources it happened in the four places: Balintawak, Kangkong, Pugad Lawin, and

Bahay Toro while the dates differ in 23,24,25 and 26 th of August 1986. Base in

primary source: According to Pio Valenzuela the cry of rebellion happened on

Wednesday,26th of August in Balintawak but he also said in his work “Memoirs of the

Revolution” it happened at Pugad Lawin on 23 rd of August. According to Guillermo

Masangkay “The Cry” happened at Balintawak on August 26, 1896, the meeting was

held at the house of Apolinio Samson in Balintawak. The cry of rebellion led by Emilio

Aguinaldo and the members of katipuneros led by Andres Bonifacio. This happening

become the foundation of the Filipinos to become one to fight against the Spanish

Government to fight for the freedom of the Filipinos. We can’t enjoy the freedom that

we have right now without the crt of rebellion.

By referring the cry as the katipuneros shouted “Mabuhay ang katipunan,

Mabuhay ang Pilipinas” while tearing their cedulas, eyewitness accounts and historian

21
has a different date on the cry but the majority of those information is echoing to Pio

Valenzuela’s statement, one of that is the historian Teodoro Agoncillo, who reported

that it took place in Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896. Another that support this claim is

the interview published in the newspaper Bagong Buhayon August 26, 1957,

Masangkay changed his narrative stating that the revolution began on August 23, 1896.

Enough information that the Philippine government declared a shift on the date and

place of the cry to August 23 in Pugad Lawin, Quezon City. The tearing up of cedula

didn’t gained success in fighting the freedom against colonialism of the Spaniards. It is

just a remark that the revolutionary army of the Philippines are ready to fight against the

Spanish sovereignty. In fact, the one who defeated the Spaniards are the Americans,

the revolutionary army of the Philippines continue their fight for freedom against

Americans which ultimately led to Philippine Independence in 1898. So, by tearing up

the cedula in August 23,1896, which is a remark of the Cry of the Rebellion and led to

Philippine Independence in 1898. So by that the National Historical Institute of the

Philippines has placed a commemorative plaque marking the location of the "Cry" in

Pugad Lawin, Quezon City, The plaque bears the date August 23, 1896.

22
References

 Candelaria,et’al. 2018. First Edition. Readings in Philippine History.

Rex Bookstore.

 Torres Jose Victor. 2018. BATIS: Sources in the Philippine History. C

& E Publishing, Inc.

 Zaide, Gregorio and Sonia Zaide. 1990. Documentary Sources of Philippine

History. Vol. 5. Manila: National Book Store

 Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Philippine-American

War". Encyclopedia Britannica, 23 Aug. 2021,

23
https://www.britannica.com/event/Philippine-American-War. Accessed 21

October 2021.

 Sichrovsky, Harry. "An Austrian Life for the Philippines:The Cry of

Balintawak". Retrieved August 29, 2009.

 Borromeo-Buehler, Soledad M. (1998), The cry of Balintawak: a contrived

controversy: a textual analysis with appended documents, Ateneo de

Manila University Press.

24