PERFECT SCORE: 50

MY SCORE: _____

LUX MUNDI ACADEMY INC.

Paco, Obando, Bulacan
st
21 Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
Self – Learning Activity Sheet

Name: ______________________________Grade and Section: ___________________________

Date: ________________ Mr. Leonilo Dumaguing Jr.

Lesson: Philippine Pre-colonial Literature

Discussion:
 Before the Philippines was colonized, it was already brimming with a rich tradition of oral literature.
Early Filipinos weaved together countless myths and legends to explain certain phenomena in life.
 Most of what have been transcribed now are taken from oral literature, which means that these stories
have been passed on from generation to another. Most of that which survived are epics and folklores.
 Here are their descriptions and other forms of literature that were passed on by the early Filipinos to
today’s generation.
1. Proverbs are practical observations and philosophy of everyday life that are written usually in
rhyming scheme. It is obviously meant to entertain while teaching basic skills in surviving local
life. In Filipino, these are called salawikain.
2. Riddles are like proverbs with main different: they demand an answer and are used to test the wits
of those who are listening to them. Usually, riddles (or in Filipino, Bugtong) are used in a battle
of wits where locals yound and old join and/or watch to see who is the smartest.
3. Folksongs are beautiful songs that are informal expressions of our ancestors’ experiences in life.
These range from courtship (which they sing in a harana or a serenade for a girl) to lullabies,
harvests, funerals, and others.
4. Tales are stories of origin for certain places, their names, and their creation. These are also known
as myths and legends.
5. Epics are long-winded poems about a hero and his adventures and misadventures. It usually tells
of a male hero who is born with all the pleasing qualities that your ancestors like in a person and
who also has a superhuman capabilities.

Reference: Contemporary Literature

Activity

I. Read the selection carefully and filled the following spaces up to provide the story relatively brief
analysis. 10 pts
Why the Sun Shines More Brightly than the Moon
Long, long ago there lived a fairy with two very beautiful daughters. Araw, the older daughter,
was very amiable and had a kind disposition; Buwan, unlike her sister, was dishonest, cruel, and
harsh. She was always finding fault with Araw. One night, when the fairy came home from her
nocturnal rambles and saw Buwan badly maltreating her elder sister, she asked God for help against
her unruly daughter.
Before this time, God had prepared very valuable gifts for the two sisters. These gifts were two
enormous diamonds that could light the whole universe. When God heard the prayer of the fairy, he
descended to Earth disguised as a beggar. Upon learning for himself how bad-tempered Buwan was
and how sweet and kind-hearted Araw was, God gave the older sister her diamond as a reward.
Buwan was greatly angered by this favoritism on the part of the Almighty, so she went to the
heavenly kingdom and stole one of God's diamonds. Then she returned to earth with the precious
stone, but there she found that were jewel was not as brilliant as Araw's.
When God went back to heaven and learned what Buwan had done, he sent two angels to punish
her. But the angels abused their commission; they seized both sisters and hurled them into the sea.
They they threw the two stones upward into the sky and there they stuck. But Araw's diamond was
bigger and brighter than the one Buwan stole. Thereafter, the bigger jewel was called Araw ("day" or
"sun") and the smaller one, Buwan ("moon").

1. What is the setting of the story?

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2. Who are the characters?
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3. Why the sun and the moon shine at different times of the day?
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4. Why the sun shines more brightly than the moon?
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5. Why there are spots on the face of the moon, and the sun?
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6. What the origin of the stars?
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7. Write the summary in 3 sentences.
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8. What is the central motif of the myth? 3pts
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II. Identify the following genre of literature from Philippines. Use the word from the box and write your
answer on the space provided.
______________ 1 Hangga't makitid ang kumot, matutong mamaluktot.
______________ 2 Kay lapit-lapit na sa mata, di mo pa rin Makita.
______________ 3 Biag ni Lam-ang
______________ 4 Pamulinawen
______________ 5 Bakya mo Neneng
______________ 6 Bantugan
______________ 7 Hudhud at aliguyon
______________ 8 Ayan na si Kaka bubuka bukaka
______________ 9 A broom is sturdy because its strands are tightly bound.
______________ 10 While the blanket is short, learn how to bend.

III. Construct an example of the following genre of Philippine literature.

1. Two examples of Riddles

2. Two examples of proverbs

2. Write the summary of Biag ni Lam-ang. 10 pts

PERFECT SCORE: 50
MY SCORE: _____

LUX MUNDI ACADEMY INC.

Paco, Obando, Bulacan
21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
Self – Learning Activity Sheet

Name: ______________________________Grade and Section: ___________________________

Date: ________________ Mr. Leonilo Dumaguing Jr.

Lesson 2: Spanish Colonial Philippine Literature

Discussion:
 When the Spaniards came, there was an immediate shift on the focus of literature. It became
centered on the Christian Faith, and the stories about natural phenomena suddenly became all about
the lives of saints and other religious hymns.
 Slowly, Philippine literature started to emulate the traditional Spanish ways of themes and forms in
writing, including the repetitive plots and obvious shadowy characters.
 Despite these changes, Filipinos still found way to make Spanish literature their own, as shown
through these common kinds:
1. Corrido is a legendary religious narrative form that usually details the lives of saints or the
history of a tradition. Corrido is in verse and were usually on legends or stories from European
countries like France, Sapin, Italy and Greece. It also refers to narration. Example is Ibong
Adarna by Jose dela Cruz.
2. Awit is chivalric poem about a hero, usually about a saint. It is also usually sung and used in
religious processions. Awit is in dodecasyllabic verse and are fabricated stories from writers’
imagination although the setting and characters is European. It also refers to chanting. Example
is Florante at Laura by Francisco Balagtas.
3. Pasyon is a narrative poem about the life of Jesus Christ, beginning from his birth and up to his
death. This is usually sung during the Lenten season. Many women were trained before to
perform the pasyon. Nowadays, it is sung by seasoned performers in churches nationwide.
4. Cenakulo is the dramatization of the Passion of Christ. It highlights the sufferings and death of
Jesus Christ, and it is also done during the Lenten season.
5. Moro Moro or Comedia de Capa y’ Espada is a blood –and-thunder melodrama depicting the
conflict of Christians and Muslims.
6. Carillo is a play that uses shadown as its main spectacle. This is created by animating figures
made from cardboard, which are projected onto white screen.
7. Tibag is the dramatic reenactment of St. Helena’s search for the Holy Cross. St. Helena is the
mother of Constantine and is oftentimes credited to have influenced her son to be the great
Chrisitan leader he is known for today.
8. Duplo or Karagatan are native dramas that are connected to Catholic mourning rituals and
harvest celebrations.
9. Zarzuela is probably one of the most famous forms of entertainments back in the Spanish era.
Zarzuelas are musical comedies or melodrams that deal with the elemental passions of human
being.

Reference: Contemporarary Literature

Activity 1: Write the different forms of literature from the period Spanish Colonization.10 pts
Activity 2: Identify the following images. Explain and describe what kind of literature it is from the Spanish
colonization and its relations to our life as a Filipino. 15 pts

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Activity 3: Research about the Filipino Authors from the period of Spanish Colonization and Explain what
contributions they had to Philippine Literature. 10 pts
PERFECT SCORE: 35
MY SCORE: _____

LUX MUNDI ACADEMY INC.

Paco, Obando, Bulacan
21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
Self – Learning Activity Sheet

Name: ______________________________Grade and Section: ___________________________

Date: ________________ Mr. Leonilo Dumaguing Jr.

Lesson 3: Literature during American Period

Discussion:
 The Filipino Revolutionists won against the Spaniards who colonized us for more than 300 years. Our
flag was hoisted on June 12, 1898 as a symbol of our Independence.
 Many Filipinos started writing again and the nationalism of the people remains undaunted. Filipino
writers went into all forms of literature like news reporting, stories, plays, essays, and novels. Their
writings clearly depicted about love for the country and longings for Independence.
Characteristics of Literature during this Period
1. Literature in Spanish
a) Cecilio Apostol - wrote "A RIZAL" and is considered the best poem in praise of the hero of
bagumbayan.
b) Fernando Ma. Guerero - he collected the best of his poem in a book called Crisalidas, and
one of the poems written in this book was "INVOCACION A RIZAL"
c) J e s u s Balmori - well-known for his pen name of Batikuling. He and Manuel Bernabe
participated in a debate on the topic - "REMEMBRANCE and FORGETFULNESS". He was
elected Poet Laureate in spanish besting Manuel Bernabe.
d) Manuel Bernabe - is a lyric poet. He was more attractive to the public in a debate with
balmori because of the melodious words he used. He defended OLVIDO
e) Claro M. Recto - he collected his poems in a book entitled BAJO LOS COCOTEROS. One
of his writings dedicated to Rizal is "ANTE EL MARTIR"
2. Filipino Literature
a) Lope K. Santos - "Father of the National language Grammar", he was also called "apo" of the
tagalog writers. "BANAAG AT SIKAT" was his master piece.
b) Jose Corazon de Jesus - known as huseng batute, he was also called the poet of love in his time.
"AG ISANG PUNONG KAHOY", an elegy, is believed to be his masterpiece.
c) Armando V. Hernandez - was dubbed "Poet of the
Laborers", his masterpiece is "ANG PANDAY"
d) Valeriano Hernandez Pena - known as Tandang Anong, he considers "NENA AT NENENG" his
masterpiece.
e) Inigo Ed Regalado - a popular story teller, novelist and newspaper man. He reach the peak of his
success by the "sumpong" of his pen.

Reference: ncca.gov.ph
Activity 1: Read the selection and answer the following questions below.

fThe Wallet (Ang Kalupi)

By Benjamin P. Pascual Questions: 10 pts
1. Describe the appearance of the child.
It was a hot
Sunday morning when
Aling Marta went out the
marketplace to buy some
supplies for her son’s
graduation party. Amidst
the bustling of the people,
and the noise of buyers
and sellers, and chatter of
passers-by, Aling Marta
was bumped the scruffy-
looking young boy,
clothed in a greasy shirt
and tattered pants and his
face was riddled by sweat
and grime. Easily irritated,
Aling Marta hollered at
him; the child only
apologized and simply ran
off. Marta only let the boy
go with a scoff.

Upon paying for her

supplies, she reached
down her sundress pocket
for her wallet only to find
out that it is gone. She was
thunderstruck by this, and
suddenly, like a beam of
light, she realized the
scruffy boy might have
taken it. She scurried
along the crowds looking
for that boy. She then
found him sitting on a
corner near the outpost of
the local police service.

She yelled at the

boy, “Where’d you put
it!?”

The boy was

dumbfounded, “What do
you mean?”

“You took my
wallet! Now give it back!”
her anger rose. She then
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2. When did Aling Marta notice that her wallet was lost?
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3. Who did Aling Marta immediately accuse? Why?
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4. What did happen to the child?
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5. Is it reasonable for Aling Marta to accuse the child? Why and why not?
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Activity 2: Identify the following statements and write your answer in the space provided.

__________________ 1. It is considered the best poem in praise of the hero of Bagumbayan.

__________________ 2. He collected the best of his poem in a book called Crisalidas, and one of the
poems written in this book was "INVOCACION A RIZAL"
__________________ 3. He was dubbed as the “Poet of the laborers”.
__________________ 4. a popular story teller, novelist and newspaper man. He reach the peak of his
success by the "sumpong" of his pen.
__________________ 5. "Father of the National language Grammar", he was also called "apo" of the
tagalog writers. "BANAAG AT SIKAT" was his master piece.
__________________ 6. . He was more attractive to the public in a debate with balmori because of the
melodious words he used. He defended OLVIDO.
__________________ 7. He collected his poems in a book entitled BAJO LOS COCOTEROS. One of his
writings dedicated to Rizal is "ANTE EL MARTIR.”
__________________ 8. Known as huseng batute, he was also called the poet of love in his time. "AG
ISANG PUNONG KAHOY", an elegy, is believed to be his masterpiece.
__________________ 9. Known as huseng batute, he was also called the poet of love in his time. "AG
ISANG PUNONG KAHOY", an elegy, is believed to be his masterpiece.
__________________ 10. Known as huseng batute, he was also called the poet of love in his time.
"AG ISANG PUNONG KAHOY", an elegy, is believed to be his masterpiece.