Science 9 Quarter 2-Worksheet 1: The History of Atom

SCIENCE 9

Quarter 2-Worksheet 1
Name:_________________________________Grade &Section:________________Date:_________
Topic: QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL OF THE ATOM
Learning Competencies & Code: Explain how the Quantum Mechanical Model of the atom
describes the energies and positions of the electrons
Subtask:
1. Describe the structure of atoms
including the masses, electrical
charges and locations of protons,
neutrons, and electrons.
2. Relate wave particle theory of light to
electron, atom, and molecule.
3. Recognize the significance of electrons
by illustrating its behavior, energies
https://tinyurl.com/ydxzxe7h
and the positions.
Content:
The History of Atom
Scientist: Democritus (Greek Philosopher)- Timeline: 400 BC
-Democritus was the first person to use the term atom (atomos: meaning indivisible).

He thought that if you take a piece of matter and divide it and continue to divide it you will eventually
come to a point where you could not divide it anymore. This fundamental or basic unit was what
Democritus called an atom.
Scientist: John Dalton- Timeline: 1800’s
-He as regarded as the father of atomic theory.
Dalton’s Atomic Theory:
1. All matter consists of tiny particles called atoms
2. Atoms are indestructible and unchangeable
3. Elements are characterized by the weight of their atoms
4. When elements react, it is their atoms that have combined to form new
compounds
Scientist: Joseph John Thomson- Timeline: 1890’s
J.J Thomson was a physicist who discovered the electron. He used his research on cathode ray tube
technology in this discovery. Electron is the negative charge particle of an atom.
He then found out that this charge was 1000 times lighter that a hydrogen atom.
He made a bold statement saying that this negative charge must be inside an atom. This negative
charge (he called corpuscles) later became known as the electron.
Scientist: Ernest Rutherford- Timeline: 1910’s
Rutherford performs experiment called Scattering of Alpha particles (which is helium by nature)
and by doing it he discovered proton using his famous gold foil experiment and proposed that an
atom is mostly empty space and has a densely pack nucleus surrounded by electrons.
Scientist: Niels Bohr- Timeline: 1910’s
Niels Bohr agreed with the planetary model of the atom, but also knew that it had a few flaws. Using
his knowledge of energy and quantum physics he was able to perfect Rutherford’s model. He was able
to answer why the electrons did not collapse into the nucleus.
Scientist: Erwin Schrödinger- Timeline: 1920’s
Erwin Schrödinger was a revolutionary physicist who used Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle to
come up with the atomic model that we still use today.
Energy Levels or electron shells where electrons
are
The Subatomic Particles
1. Protons: positively charged
2. Neutrons: no net charge
3. Electrons: negatively charged (Found outside
the nucleus)

Nucleus: the center of an atom where

protons and neutrons where found
https://tinyurl.com/euujprfp
Particle Charge Mass (g)

Electron Negative (-) 9.110 x 10-28
Proton Positive (+) 1.672 x 10-24
Neutron No charge ( 0 ) 1.675 x 10-24
Activity 1: Pair Me Up!

Match column A with the correct answer on column B. Write the letter on the space provided.
_______1. J.J. Thompson A. Positively charged particle
_______2. Ernest Rutherford B. No net charge particle
_______3. John Dalton C. It is the center of an atom which consist
of protons and
_______4. Democritus neutrons
_______5. Electron shells D. He discovered the protons.
_______6. Proton E. His experiment leads to the discovery of
electron.
_______7. Electron F. This experiment was used to discover
protons.
_______8. Neutron G. Known as the father of atomic theory.
_______9. Nucleus H. He was the first person to use the word
atom.
_______10. Gold Foil Experiment I. This is where electrons are located.
J. Negatively charged particle.
The Nature of Light
Light has always fascinated man. The first scientific study on the nature of light was done by
Christian Huygens, a dutch mathematician and physicist. He stated that light, like sound is a wave
motion. His idea of the wave nature of light met much opposition. Sir Isaac Newton was the one who
opposed the idea and formulated the corpuscular or particle theory of light.
At the beginning of 20th century, Max Planck and Albert Einstein used the particle model to explain
some properties of light which could not be explained by the wave theory.
Max Planck considered the electromagnetic radiation emitted by glowing objects to occur in
packets or pieces. He called the packets of energy as quanta. This is in recognition of a kind of
physics called quantum physics.
Light is electromagnetic radiation characterized by amplitude (intensity or brightness) and
wavelength (distance between peaks), frequency (n) the number of waves that pass a certain point in a
given period of time the relationship between frequency (f) and wavelength is (l) in which light has a
speed of c = a constant (speed of light 3.00 x 108 m/s).
The visible spectrum is the portion of the larger electromagnetic spectrum that we can see. As
shows, the electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all of the electromagnetic radiation that occurs in
our environment and includes gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet light, visible light, infrared light,
microwaves, and radio waves.
Wavelength: is the distance
Bohr’s Model
Bohr took the nuclear atom and dressed it with the Planck’s quantum attire and he proposed the first
workable theory of atomic structure:
1. A hydrogen atom consist of nucleus containing a proton and an electron. The electron
revolves around the nucleus in a circular orbit.
2. The energy of the electron in a given orbit is fixed. As long as the electron stay in that
orbit, it neither absorbs nor radiates energy. The nonradiating state is called stationary
state.
3. The electron may move from stationary state to another. To do so, it must absorb or emit
a quantity of energy.
Atomic De-excitation:
The same electron can
return to any lower
energy levels releasing
Atomic Excitation: energy in the form of
When electron absorbs light.
extra energy (flame or
electric arc), this
electron moves to a
higher energy level.
https://tinyurl.com/5psuapn
Electrons in Focus
Electrons can be found outside the nucleus with specific distances
called energy levels or electron shells.
Principal Energy Levels and Sublevels of Electrons
Principal Number of Type of Sublevel and Number of Orbitals Maximum Number of

Energy Level Sublevels Electrons
1 1 1s (1 orbital) 2
2 2 2s (1 orbital), 2p (3 orbitals) 8
3 3 3s (1 orbital), 3p (3 orbitals) 3d (5 orbitals) 18
4 4 4s (1 orbital), 4p (3 orbitals) 4d (5 orbitals), 4f (7 32

orbitals)
5 5 5s (1 orbital), 5p (3 orbitals) 5d (5 orbitals), 5f (7 50
orbitals) 5g (9 orbitals)
Electron Configuration
The way electrons are arranged in the subshells of
an atom is referred to as electron configuration.
Integers 1,2,3, etc. are used to indicate principal
energy level (n) and symbols s,p,d, and f indicate
sublevels.
Use this pattern in writing the element’s

electron configuration. Always start with 1s
1 superscript in 1s since
hydrogen has only 1
Example electron. 1 electron
1. Hydrogen :
1 s1 2 superscript in 1s
since helium has only 2
2 electrons
2. Helium: electrons.
1 s2 1s subshell can only

carry 2 electrons, 3 electrons
3. Lithium: therefore proceed to
the next guide which
1 s2 2 s1 is 2s.
First five elements Number of Electron Configuration

Electrons
https://tinyurl.com/rz5ssxd6 1. Hydrogen (H) 1 1 s1
2. Helium (He) 2 1 s2
3. Lithium (Li) 3 1 s2 2s1
4. Beryllium (Be) 4 1 s2 2s2
5. Boron (B) 5 1 s2 2s2 2p1
Activity 2: Organize Me!

Complete the table below through writing the elements’ electron configuration.
Elements Number of Electrons Electron Configuration

1. Neon (Ne) 10
2. Magnesium (Mg) 12
3. Sulfur (S) 16
4. Calcium (Ca) 20
5. Iron (Fe) 26
Check Your Understanding!
1. Which orbital designation has the highest energy?
A. 2s B. 2p C. 3d D. 4s
2. What occurs when an electron moves from high energy level to a low one?
A. Another electron goes from a low energy level to a high one. B. The atom moves faster.
C. Colored light is given off. D. This process is not possible.
3. Which of the following subatomic particle has the smallest mass?
A. Proton B. Neutron C. Electron D. Nucleus
4. The maximum number of electrons allowed in the third energy level is_______________.
A. 2 B. 8 C. 18 D. 32
5. Which of the following orbitals do not exist?
A. 3p B. 4s C. 2s D. 3f
Reference
Science 9 Learners Material
https://www.sisd.net/cms/lib/TX01001452/Centricity/Domain/1297/The_history_of_the_atom_Notes-
_condensed.pdf
https://everettcc.instructure.com/courses/966606/files/38719590
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wsu-sandbox/chapter/waves-and-wavelengthsp/
Prepared by: JAIME S. CRISPINO- DawisNHS Science 9 Teacher
ANSWER KEY
Act. 1: Pair Me Up!
1.E 2.D 3.G 4.H 5.I 6. A 7. J 8.B 9. C 10. F
Act. 2: Organize Me!
Elements Number of Electrons Electron Configuration

1. Neon (Ne) 10 1 s2 2s2 2p6 or [He]2s²2p⁶
2. Magnesium (Mg) 12 1 s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 or [Ne] 3s2
3. Sulfur (S) 16 1 s2 2s2 2p6 3s23p4 or [Ne] 3s²3p⁴

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SCIENCE 9

Nucleus: the center of an atom where

Particle Charge Mass (g)

Activity 1: Pair Me Up!

Principal Number of Type of Sublevel and Number of Orbitals Maximum Number of

4 4 4s (1 orbital), 4p (3 orbitals) 4d (5 orbitals), 4f (7 32

Use this pattern in writing the element’s

1 s2 1s subshell can only

First five elements Number of Electron Configuration

Activity 2: Organize Me!

Elements Number of Electrons Electron Configuration

Prepared by: JAIME S. CRISPINO- DawisNHS Science 9 Teacher

Act. 1: Pair Me Up!

1.E 2.D 3.G 4.H 5.I 6. A 7. J 8.B 9. C 10. F

Act. 2: Organize Me!

Elements Number of Electrons Electron Configuration

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