Republic of the Philippines

Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University

Mid La Union Campus
City of San Fernando 2500 La Union Philippines
Telfax: 072 7004516 http://www.dmmmsu.edu.ph/gs

CHAPTER 2: INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION THAT DEFINED SOCIETY

CHAPTER 3: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND NATION-BUILDING
CHAPTER 4: HUMAN FLOURISHING
CHAPTER 5: TECHNOLOGY AS A WAY OF REVEALING
CHAPTER 6: THE GOOD LIFE
SUBMITTED BY: MOISES, Jocelyn D
BA POLITICAL SCIENCE 2A- GECC105
SUBMITTED TO: BERMODEZ, Dodilyn
ACTIVITY 2.1
Matching Type
Directions: match the items in column A with the items in column B. Write only the letter that corresponds to the
correct answer on the space provided before each numb.

A. B.
1. D Horizontal water wheel a. S Freud
2. F Heliocentrism b. T Brahe
3. M Water thermometer c. C Darwin
4. K Systemic blood circulation d. L. da Vince
5. O Compound optimal microscope e. A. van Leeuwenhoek
6. G Electronic repulsion f. N. Copernicus
7. I Absolute pressure of a gas is inversely g. O. von Guericke
proportional to its volume
8. E Microscope h. I. newton
9. E Bacteria i. R. Boyle
10. H Laws of motion j. C. Ptolemy
11. H Las of universal gravitation k. W. Harvey
12. C Theory of evolution l. J. Kepler
13. A Psychoanalytical theory m. G. Galilei
14. D Anemometer n. T. Edison
15. L Law of planetary motion o. Z. Janssen
ACTIVITY 2.2
Fill Out
Direction: Fill out the table below by writing the contributions of Indian, China, Egypt, and Africa to various fields
in terms of science and technology.
FIELD INDIA CHINA MIDDLE EAST AFRICA

Astronomy –Geocentric Solar System  Beijing –Aided –Sirius B.

–Length of Earth Revolution ancient navigation
around the sun observatory
(365.2563627/365.25636300  Mandate of
4 heaven
 Silk of altas
of comets
Mathematics –Decimal  Finding nth –Restoring –Yoruba
–Hindi numeral root balance system
–Pingala  The nine (algebra) –
–Concept of 0 (zero) chapters –Concept of Fundamental
–Infinite series  Book of raising of algebra
–Law of sign numbers numbers to and
and power geometry
computation –Division of –principles
 Oracle bone the circle of
script –Formula pf Pythagorean
numeral geometry –computing
system shapes of the
 Place value triangle and
decimal circle
Architecture –Cashmere  White horse –Windmill –Canoe
–Ornamental buttons temple –Flying building
–Calico fabric  Mogao caves machine –Pyramid of
–Prayer flags and constructed chops
–Indigo color forbidden –dolesse
–Cotton textile city
–Jute  Imperial
–Spinning wheels Palace
 Walled
compound
 Raised
Pavillion
 Wooden
columns
Medicine –Cataract surgery  Kampo –Alchemy –vaccination,
–Plastic surgery  Gleditsia –Caesarean autopsy,
–Alternative medicine sinensis operation limb
–Veterinary medicine  Pinyin –Embalming traction,
brain
surgery,
false teeth
installation
–Axial
tomography

Agriculture –Hand pulled wheel cart  Rice paddles –Rump –Metallurgy

–Animal drawn plow  Compass - –chisels
 Papermaking Revolutionary –saw
 Printer crank –copper
 Gun powder connection –iron tools
system
Other –System of standardization  Crossbow –Drying –vacuum
Technologies –Refining sugar  Kites technology –water
–Squat toilet  Hot hair –Musical repellant
–Iron cased balloon instruments –charging
–Metal cylinder  Clocks shoes
–Cresco graph  Compass
 Blast
Fumace

ACTIVITY 2.3
Essay
Direction: Answer the following items substantially on who sheet of white pad paper.
1. Describe the science and technology: (a. early civilization, b. middle ages, c. modern era)
-In early civilizations, science and technology people used material like (rocks, tranks of the tress,
gold, woods) to develop and innovate new technologies prior to middle ages, the period
technology advances including the adoption of gunpower for war. The invention of vertical
windmill, mechanical clocks and the Improved water mill. Began the building techniques like
medieval castles and agriculture in general. Modern era technologies began to expand its
knowledge by developing such technologies like (gas, cars that have AI access, build a powerful
gun, sea transformation) that still developing as time past by.
2. Cite ways by which society was transformed by science and technology: (a. Mesoamerica, b. Asia, c. Middle East,
d. Africa)
-Mesoamerica achieve creation of medicine, science, art but the greatest priorities were on astronomy and
architecture, they also developed the writing system, the calendar system. Asia is a region rich in history of
innovation like in India developed mining system, mathematics, medicine, surgery, constructing water
technologies also writing technologies. Middle east, the Muslims introduced the first calendar with 12 lunar
months, they also use the mathematics in recoding to keep by developing the schematics for machines (e.g.
water pump, calculating tax rate). In Africa they developed their own natural numeral system, they are a
tool maker (e.g. weapons, copper, saw, and ghee. Africa has the world oldest record of human technology
achievement.
3. What is your opinion regarding the following revolutionary ideas: (a. psychoanalytical theories, b. heliocentrism)?
-The psychoanalytic perspective of personality has a in common is that the unconscious mind has motives
that conflict with conscious mind, which then generates into defense mechanism or anxiety.
-The heliocentrism it says that the sun is the center of the universe not the earth, Copernicus still thought
the planet orbits the sun in perfect circles like Aristotle and Ptolemy. But the fact that he put the sun at the
center was a revolutionary idea in the astronomy of the time. Means every year the sun might be moving
into other way.

ACTIVITY 2.4
Video Viewing
Direction:
a. Watch the following videos:
1. “Human Origin 101 National Geographic”
b. Write a reaction paper regarding the video.

- For million f years, the evolving of human origin from Sahelanthropus, australorthicus, homo-
habilis, homo ergaster and homo-sapiens. The only remaining human being this age are us, so
there I conclude the expanding of evolving human are the appearance, and also the
knowledge has been developed from time to time.
ACTIVITY 3.1
Fact or Opinion
Direction: Read each of the following items carefully. Indicate whether each is a FACT or an
OPINION. Write your answer on the blank before each number.
OPINION 1. Art. XIV Section of the 1987 Philippine constitution provides the legal basis of the
states support to all scientific and technological capabilities and their application in the country.
FACT 2. The DOST is the countries principal body tasked to direct, to lead, and to coordinate
all science and technology-related programs and project in support to national development.
OPINION 3. The Spaniards introduced better education in terms of science and technology than
the Americas.
OPINION 4. The harmonized national and development agenda (HNRDA) strengthen the mandate
of the congress to lead, direct, and monitor the S&T programs and projects for the benefit of the
Filipino people.
OPINION 5. A scientist is an individual who has earned to doctoral degree in any field of study.
FACT 6. The science of a given culture is its indigenous science.
OPINION 7. The farming system of the Aetas in the Philippines consisted of the payoh, the
mayung, and the Uma.
FACT 8. The Muyong system is an ideal forest management strategy.
OPINION 9. And Idjang was an Igorot traditional house; the torogan was a maranao traditional
house.
FACT 10. Bothe moroporp and balatik signaled the beginning of the planting season.

ACTIVITY 3.4
Group Dynamics
1. As a student yes. cellphone, internet and social media help me to develop my knowledge
as a student. Due to break down pandemic, all student is facing the new normal which is
online classes. Technologies are a big help to be able succeed this online class learning new
normal.

2. A government is generally not designed to run the nation in its entirety. It is the people
who have to run the nation. Government is there to guide and making sure that their
people are doing and obeying the ordinances that have given from the government. So,
there I conclude government is a big deal in terms of managing its people and its territory.
ACTIVITY 3.5
Library Search
Direction:
A. watch the titled “the art of innovation” by Guy Kawasaki
B. What are the 10 points in the art of innovation? write a reaction paper about the art of
innovation.

10 key points:
-Make meaning
-Making mantra
-Jump to the next curve
-Roll the DICEE
-Don’t worry be crafty
-Let the 100 flowers blossom
-Polarize people
-Churn baby Churn
-Niche Thyself
-Perfect your pitch

Every key points of Kawasaki in terms of innovating technologies it is included why do they exist, what are their
purposes for the innovation and evolving by years and making their own landmarks to make their product shall
know from the world.
Key point number 10 perfect your pitch the Bozality. I particularly like the bozo’s grind you down, it is true. I
constantly saying maybe telling that the most people are feared to the thought of trying or taking the risk
because of failing to make or innovate the same thing and it is called cognitive dissonance.

ACTIVITY 4.1
Dyad

SCIENTIST / TECHNOLOGIAT BRIEF STORIES ON HUMAN

FLOURISHING
1. Arthur Askins, Gerald –Viruses, bacteria and other living
Mourou, Donna Strickland cells can be held too, and
“Nobel Prize in Physics examined and manipulated
2018” without being damaged. Ashkin’s
optical tweezers have created
entirely new opportunities for
observing and controlling the
machinery of life.
–Gérard Mourou and Donna
Strickland paved the way towards
the shortest and most intense
laser pulses created by mankind.
The technique they developed
has opened up new areas of
research and led to broad
industrial and medical
applications; for example, millions
of eye operations are performed
every year with the sharpest of
laser beams
2. Yoshizumi Ishino on –Ishino has contributed to the
CRISPR technology development of enzymology and
nucleic acids research all his life.
In 1987, he discovered the DNA
sequence of CRISPR, which is a
basis of a biotechnology known as
CRISPR-Cas9 that effectively edits
genes.
–Yoshi focuses his research not
only on enzymes of DNA
replication and recombinational
repair in archaea, but also on
their evolutionary relationships
with counterpart proteins in the
eukaryotic domain.
3. Albert Einstein on atomic –Albert Einstein is intimately
Bomb associated with the atom bomb. A
few months after the weapon was
used against Japan in 1945, Time
put him on its cover with an
explosion mushrooming behind
him that had E = mc2emblazoned
on it.
4. Alexander Fleming on –Penicillin is one of the earliest
Penicillin discovered and most widely used
antibiotic agents. While Sir
Alexander Fleming is credited
with its discovery, it was French
medical student Ernest Duchesne
who first took note of the bacteria
in 1896. Fleming’s more famous
observations would not be made
until more than two decades
later.
5. Thomas Edison on –Long before Thomas Edison
incandescent bulb patented – first in 1879 and then
a year later in 1880 – and began
commercializing his incandescent
light bulb, British inventors were
demonstrating that electric light
was possible with the arc lamp.
These early bulbs had extremely
short lifespans, were too
expensive to produce or used too
much energy.
6. Steven Paul Jobs on Apple –was a co-founder, chairman, and
computer CEO of Apple Inc.
–In 1986, Jobs took a major
interest in a small division of
Lucasfilm Ltd. Focused on the
development of computer-
generated graphics for animated
movies, Jobs acquired the
company now known as Pixar.
7. Eduardo San Juan on Lunar –It was first used during the
Rover Apollo 12 landing to explore the
moon. The Lunar Rover was an
electric-powered vehicle designed
to operate in the low gravity
vacuum in the Moon allowing the
astronauts to traverse the lunar
surface during the last three
missions of the American Apollo
program in 1971 and 1972.

ACTIVITY 4.2
Video Viewing

“The Magician’s Twin: CS Lewis and the case against Scientism”

1. What is Scientism?
- Techniques for the characteristic sciences ought to be utilized in every aspect of examination including theory,
the humanities, and the sociologies: a conviction that solitary such strategies can productively be utilized in the
quest for information.

2. What is referred to as the magician’s twin? In what ways are they similar? In what ways are they
different?
- Science was alluded the entertainer’s twin. CS Lewis imagined that Science and Wizardry or magic are twins, he
features three unique ways that science and enchantment are very comparative. The principal way science and
wizardry are comparable as per Lewis is their capacity to work as a religion, similarly Science can be elective
religion. The second way science and sorcery are comparable is their consolation of an absence of doubt. The
third way science and sorcery are comparable is the journey for power, a lot of current science was really
dedicated towards power everywhere on the world. While the distinction of Science and Sorcery as indicated by
Lewis Present day is that Science was unquestionably more hazardous that wizardry since enchantment fizzled,
wizardry doesn’t work and it wasn’t perilous in light of the fact that individuals really couldn’t utilize it to
control the world however the cutting edge science has the potential that everybody can be controlled and
controlled by science.

3. What are Lewis’s views against scientism?

- Scientism energized artlessness is represented by Freud’ materialistic reductionism and furthermore by
Evolutionism. Lewis didn’t protest the transformative cycle in itself yet had little tolerance with the view that it
was a visually impaired unguided cycle.

4. What are Lewis’s prophetic warnings about the abuse of science?

- Lewis believed that the Science was something worth being thankful for however he likewise felt that it held
some solid threats, the greatest risk was the inclination to control. Individuals will manhandle their capacity
since they think we are the main ones who recognize what ought to happen in light of the fact that we know
how the universe truly functions. Besides, the continuously headway of science will rise treat to human and
nature. For instance, COVID-19 virus.

5. What is the relavance of Lewis’s warnings to the modern age.

- Lewis stressed and emphasized that we really need a way to understand the limits of science and there is
something behind science a larger transcendent ethical sphere behind science and that we aren’t just blind
matter in motion that we’re part of a designed universe that actually sets limits on what we should and
shouldn’t do. It is important to know not only the knowledge that we can gain from science but also the danger
that we can get because of science.
ACTIVITY 4.4
Reading with Comprehension

1. What is meant by the following questions;

a. To “catch up” with rich countries

-Catching up with rich countries is difficult since they are far more advance and progressive countries.
The sad truth is that poor countries cannot keep up with the development like rich countries can.

b. To “catch down” with poor countries

-Since rich countries have more abilities to develop and progress, they are more flexible to do things that
poor countries can’t do. Rich countries should catch down and adjust in order to help and cope up poor
countries and to sustain appropriate levels of development to have efficient living.

c. De-development
-In my own understanding it was a process of growing of progress and development, a movement of a
country for better improvement so that we can move forward, and no one will be left behind.

d. “Steady-State”
-It is step in the right direction toward a positive future and true progress. If our economy is in good
state and condition, we will achieve progress and development that will gradually expand and grow from
time to time.

e. Life expectancy
-The life expectancy for a particular person or population group depends on several variables such as
their lifestyle, access to healthcare, diet, economic status and the relevant mortality and morbidity data

2. What is meant by this statement: “Strive to buy and own less; doing so would compromise our happiness.”
-Wherever we turn, we are encouraged to strive for happiness from work and life. If buying will
compromise your happiness then so be it, but happiness is not simply about a material pursuit of
pleasure, but a meaningful engagement with life.

3. What are some ways to revive the indigenous concept of good living?
-We have different concepts and perception about good life in order to revive the rich culture of
indigenous concept of good living we should preserve it by practicing it in our daily lives, we need to
respect different practices, cultures, and norms, we should be proud and we shouldn’t be ashamed on
our indigenous group or origin because it makes us unique after all.

4. In your own opinion, is the following statement favorable? Explain your answer.
-Yes, since it has something to do with life and human progress, we humans are capable of experiencing
circumstances and triumph, we fall and we rise but it is a part of the learning process where it will mold
us to grow as a better person.
ACTIVITY 5.1
Identification

Direction: Identify the following based on Heidegger’s views.

1. Technology
-everywhere we remain unfree and chained to technology. The technology as three
claims that emphasized Heidegger views that’s means that technology was not made
for human’s happiness, that it is made to understand the world the means of changing.
2. Gestell
-nothing is technological, that all has come to presence in the world that has been
“enframed”. It revealed the world that shown itself, the true imaged of the world not
being recognized by human.
3. Techne
-craftmanship that achieve its purposes on making technologies efficiently and
effectively.
4. Aletheis
-Heidegger developed Alethei to reveal the true or reality of the world using technology
like no one shall hide the true identity of the world looks like.
5. Reality
-technologies are made to study and understand the world not being used and abuse by
the people. According to Heidegger technology dominate human for living so as human
hold the technology.

ACTIVITY 5.2
Evaluation
Direction: Answer the following question.

1. Explain what meant by Heidegger’s view that technology is not a means to an end but
a way to understand the world.
-Heidegger explain why technology made and it aim to discover the world, where and
why made for and looks like. For human technologies are made to please their need
and desire, a technology that are made to innovate and develop for the best services
that will please human being. For Heidegger in a matter of fact viewed technology to
understand the world and not being abuse for humans’ sakes.
2. Give example of technologies that are not merely instrumental (or means to an end),
but that have a strong influence on how people see the world.
- It implies that seeing innovations is fair an impartial instrument is as of now a really
innovative way to see the world. He does not see the innovation as an amplified human
tool, but it draws consideration it the reality that it has its claim laws. And he sees the
issue not as it were within the truth that advanced technology, unlike the traditional
tools, uses an vitality source for its work prepare that’s independent of human labour
and in this way too encompasses a sequence of developments that’s autonomous of it.
He accepts that this mechanical way of being will really slaughter itself within the
conclusion. Heidegger isn’t an anti-technology, rather he is against to sheer state of
mind around technology. The hyper fixation with assets and the hyper fixation with
efficiency with that demeanour.
3. In your opinion, is technology “the highest danger” as claimed by Heidegger? explain
your answer.
-the three claims of analysis of technology for Heidegger lead this world only to see
through technological thinking. Therefore, human is being dominated upon improving,
evolving and innovating the technology, people might see their self-nothing and
unsatisfied without technologies. That is why Martin end up on saying technology is not
made for human it is made for the world to be seen, not dominated by human.

ACTIVITY 6.1
Matching type

Column A Column B

_E_1. Nichomachean Ethics a. Confucius

_K _2. The virtue of selfishness b. Seneca
_J _3. Levels of public food c. The good life
_D _4. The Vedas d. Hinduism
_C _5. Eudainism e. Aristotle
_I _6. Hedonism f. Islam
_B _7. Stoicism g. Plato
_K _8. Objectivism h. Jesus
_A _9. The analects i. Epicurus
_O _10. Four novel truths j. Gripaldo
_A _11. The golden rule
_N _12. “its much better to suffer wrong than k. Ayn rand
to do wrong”
_O _13. Eightfold paths l. Humanism
_G _14. The Republic m. Lau tsu
_H _15. Love god and love your neighbour n. Socrates
o. Buddha

ACTIVITY 6.2
Video Viewing

1. What is the speaker’s “recipe” for Eudaimonia? Why did he make this recipe?
- The speaker’s formula is “Chicken Curry” he found Eudaimonia over a Chicken Curry, he quit his steady life and
work at America when he felt that something is missing which is the inclination of satisfaction. At that point he
began going with his bike overland from US to India to accomplish satisfaction and discover the reason for his
life.

2. What does the speaker mean when he says that the recipe is for Eudaimonia?
- It was a cycle of finding your motivation throughout everyday life, he referenced that it was genuine in light of
the fact that the curry was set up without any preparation, it was acceptable in light of the fact that it’s
heavenly and it was wonderful in light of the fact that it was set up in participatory manner.

3. How did the recipe change his perspective on relationships?

- The point of view of his relationship changed throughout the span of the single feast, their bond has been
expanded and there was a solid inclination of trust and understands that his relationship planned to improve
with anybody When his formula which he felt substance and experience human prospering.

4. What is the speaker’s interpretation for Eudaimonia?

- The point of view of his relationship changed throughout the span of the single feast, their bond has been
expanded and there was a solid inclination of trust and understands that his relationship planned to improve
with anybody When his formula which he felt substance and experience human prospering.

5. How did he find his purpose in life?

- Through his encounters in his experience, he had the option to make the eudaimonia in his life and with the
individuals around him which drives him to establish his motivation in life where it had the option to share valid,
great and excellent minutes with others over chicken curry.
6. How can you find Eudaimonia in your own life?
- For me, discovering eudaimonia it’s somewhat hard to bring up in light of the fact that our age was all the while
investigating and embracing genuine circumstances. All things considered, I can discover eudaimonia in my life
through carrying out beneficial things which consequently I can feel the satisfaction and satisfaction for myself
and for others also.

ACTIVITY 6.4
One-to-One
What have you done (1) as a member of your family and (2) as a student in applying the stoic
practices into daily life. Did you achieve virtue and joy so that you can live the good life?
1. Being the jolliest of the family makes me realize that they didn’t know what actually happening to me for
the past years. It is started when my elder twin sisters stop going to school. I may be the jolliest among
the family, but I’m also broke and pressure inside. Nevertheless, I use this to inspired myself, motivate
that whenever happen it’ll going to be fine, that all the challenges will go past by. For me having no
emotion will make your family notice that you are not ok, so my strategy is to smile more often. In that
way my family will never notice my worst.
2. As I was saying, I’m not using stoic practises to hide my feelings and emotion. Practically speaking, I’m the
most preferred victim of bullying. Although, I am not that oh so called “easy target” they may be do
emotional and physical abuse to me, not going to back down just like that, I didn’t join martial art school
for nothing, and the best past was I was smiling the whole time whenever they attempt to harm and
humiliate my life station and appearance. Therefore, I think my life is perfect together with my treasured
family.