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    ILUSTRADOS

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    Camille Ane Vallo
    The document summarizes the rise of student activism in the late 19th century Philippines in response to Spanish colonial rule. Groups like the Propaganda Movement and Juventud Escolar Liberal advocated for educational, political, and social reforms. Led by Jose Rizal and other ilustrados, the student activists studied abroad in Europe where they were exposed to liberal ideas that challenged the Catholic Church's power in Spain. Upon returning to the Philippines, these students worked to expose the injustices of Spanish rule and the abuses of friars, hoping to improve conditions for Filipinos. Their nationalism and activism grew and ultimately contributed to the Philippine Revolution of 1896 against Spanish colonialism.

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    ILUSTRADOS

    Uploaded by

    Camille Ane Vallo
    315 views2 pages
    The document summarizes the rise of student activism in the late 19th century Philippines in response to Spanish colonial rule. Groups like the Propaganda Movement and Juventud Escolar Liberal advocated for educational, political, and social reforms. Led by Jose Rizal and other ilustrados, the student activists studied abroad in Europe where they were exposed to liberal ideas that challenged the Catholic Church's power in Spain. Upon returning to the Philippines, these students worked to expose the injustices of Spanish rule and the abuses of friars, hoping to improve conditions for Filipinos. Their nationalism and activism grew and ultimately contributed to the Philippine Revolution of 1896 against Spanish colonialism.

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    The document summarizes the rise of student activism in the late 19th century Philippines in response to Spanish colonial rule. Groups like the Propaganda Movement and Juventud Escolar Liberal advocated for educational, political, and social reforms. Led by Jose Rizal and other ilustrados, the student activists studied abroad in Europe where they were exposed to liberal ideas that challenged the Catholic Church's power in Spain. Upon returning to the Philippines, these students worked to expose the injustices of Spanish rule and the abuses of friars, hoping to improve conditions for Filipinos. Their nationalism and activism grew and ultimately contributed to the Philippine Revolution of 1896 against Spanish colonialism.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    315 views2 pages

    ILUSTRADOS

    Uploaded by

    Camille Ane Vallo
    The document summarizes the rise of student activism in the late 19th century Philippines in response to Spanish colonial rule. Groups like the Propaganda Movement and Juventud Escolar Liberal advocated for educational, political, and social reforms. Led by Jose Rizal and other ilustrados, the student activists studied abroad in Europe where they were exposed to liberal ideas that challenged the Catholic Church's power in Spain. Upon returning to the Philippines, these students worked to expose the injustices of Spanish rule and the abuses of friars, hoping to improve conditions for Filipinos. Their nationalism and activism grew and ultimately contributed to the Philippine Revolution of 1896 against Spanish colonialism.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    A period after the Cavite Mutiny of 1872 and the execution of the three martyred

    GOMBURZA priests, gave birth to a new breed of Ilustrados:

     Dr. José Rizal (Laong Laan and Dimasalang)


     Marcelo H. del Pilar (Plaridel)
     Graciano Lopez Jaena (Diego Laura)
     Antonio Luna (Taga-Ilog)
     Mariano Ponce (Tikbalang, Kalipulako, Naning)
     Jose Maria Panganiban (Jomapa)
     Dominador Gomez (Ramiro Franco)

    -who sought social and political reforms.

    These men, who came from wealthy families, went to Europe to continue their studies
    where they met other Filipino students, who had already established themselves there.

    They later joined the Propaganda Movement, which advocated for the conversion of the
    Philippines from a colony to that of a province of Spain.

    Likewise, the propagandists demanded Filipino rights, which can only be made
    possible through the expulsion of the abusive friars who denied the Filipinos their political
    rights. This was forcefully reiterated in their official organ La Solidaridad. Although Rizal’s
    Noli Me Tangere was published in Berlin in 1887, the idea of writing this novel that was
    meant to expose the backwardness of Philippine society and its social maladies was
    conceived in Spain when he was a medicine student in the Universidad Central de Madrid.

    Student activism in the 19th century had inculcated a new brand of political culture in
    the country that was meant to sweep the repressive political system of the Spanish colonial
    government.

    The ideology of liberalism that the student activists had imbibed while studying in
    Europe motivated them to seek for reforms.

    Young Filipinos who studied in Spain were surprised to see there the powerless Church
    in the face of the government.

    • Newspapers openly attacked the Church, and

    • some professors like Miguel Morayta, Grand Master of the Masonic Gran
    Oriente Espanol, took advantage of their university positions to challenge Catholic doctrine
    under the pretext of academic freedom

    The Ilustrados also saw the better living conditions of the citizens in Spain compared to
    the distressing plight of their fellow Filipinos in their mother country. This ignited their
    dream for reforms to improve the conditions of the Filipinos who were denied freedom of
    expression and equal access to politics and education in contrast to citizens of Spanish
    blood.
    Disillusioned with the hope of change in the government system, student activism
    emerged both as a political and cultural revolt against the status quo largely due to the
    rampant abuses of the friars and Spanish colonial officials. The impact of student activism
    had proved to be far reaching and culminated in the Revolution of 1896.

    Prior to the establishment of the Propaganda Movement in Europe, a student


    movement, known as the Juventud Escolar Liberal led by Felipe Buencamino, emerged in
    1869. Prominent members in the student group were Paciano Rizal, Mariano Alejandrino,
    Gregorio Sancianco and Basilio Teodoro. The students called for educational reforms in the
    University through anonymous leaflets scattered through the University.

    During his student days in the country, Jose Rizal found a clandestine organization
    known as Compañerismo or Compañerismo de Jehu in 1880, which Galicano Apacible
    described as an organization promoting civic and patriotic education among its members,
    and mutual protection and support.

    In the Philippines, the students who were suspected of participating in political


    activities suffered persecutions.

    One of the legacies of student activism in the 19th century was its active role in
    stimulating nationalism in both organizational and ideological sense. Student activism did
    not arise from a vacuum but was a response to the prevailing social conditions and a
    demonstration of discontent to the status quo. Although their nationalism sprang in
    Philippine soil, Europe became the breeding ground for student activists, which nurtured
    subversive ideas to the students and instilled in them a strong nationalist ideology. They
    took us to the road of independence by fostering strong nationalistic mood, which paved
    the way to the Revolution of 1896.

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