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CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGION characteristics of Fauvism are aggression in the use of colors (basically primary,
complementary along with garish tones) and their autonomy in relation to shapes.
JOANNA MAREY F. MONDEJAR, CHE, ENP 2. Expressionists
They put emphasis on the expressions of the I and the emotional attitudes. The colors are
LESSON 1: ART IN THE PHILIPPINES more violent and the content has a symbolic tint.
The subject covers various contemporary arts practices of the region where the school is 3. Cubism
located. It aims to provide students with an appreciation of a broad range of styles in the various Start playing with the focus of the canvas. Thus, it raises a multiplicity of points of view.
disciplines with consideration on their elements and principles, and engage them to an integrative Some authors speak of 2 stages:
approach in studying arts. Through this subject, students will broaden and acquire the necessary Analytic cubism
creative tools that open opportunities in pursuing their individual career goals and aspirations. Synthetic cubism
4. Futurism or dynamic cubism
WHY STUDY ART? This style aims to show the manifestation of the movement, the speed and the rhythmic
Art, in its many forms, exists in every community, every culture, and every country. Art has repetition of the objects on the canvas.
been created since time began, evidenced in cave paintings and rock art, and in today’s world 5. Non-figurative or abstract art
we know that art can be a major economic force, yet we continue to question the worth of art. Many authors suggest that this current is within cubism. However, the difference is that art
Often I have heard someone dismiss a work of art by saying, “I could do that” or “I don’t is of a more abstract type and is constructed from geometry.
understand it”. Perhaps not placing value on something that we ourselves could make or 6. Neoplasticism
expecting things to be easily understood speaks to the loss of thoughtfulness and creativity in our This current is based on two-dimensionality, use of straight lines and primary colors. Its
world and only magnifies our need for the arts. objective is to divest itself of the particular to manifest the purity of art.
“If I could say it in words there would be no reason to paint.” ~ Edward Hopper 7. Dadaist movement
The word “given” was chosen at random as a manifestation of dislike to the righteousness
Creating art is a primal behavior. Children, the world over, instinctively make. Every culture of Neoplasticism on the part of certain artists.
has art. Like language and laughter, art is a fundamental human behavior. Put very simply, art is a 8. Surrealists
part of who we are. We need art because it makes us complete human beings. They aim to ” go beyond the visible ” to try to express the unconscious with a figurative
Art, like language, is a medium to express ideas and to share information. Art offers us a style.
method to communicate what we may not necessarily fully understand or know how to express. Art 9. Second vanguards
helps us to share thoughts, ideas and visions that may not be able to be articulated any other These so-called second vanguards appear after the 2nd World War. There, and as an
way. We need art to have a full range of expression. expression of a revolutionized society and capitalist consumption, art begins to have an
Creating or experiencing art can relax and sooth us or it may enliven and stimulate us. The process ironic and funny tone. This is how Pop Art was born, which is characterized by expressing
of creating art engages both the body and the mind and provides us with time to look inward and art in movement.
reflect. Experiencing art also gives us reason to think and be reflective or may inspire us to get up 10. Conceptual art and abstract expressionism
and dance. Art provides a release, a place for reflection and away to engage our whole They are born as the last artistic expression before postmodernity. They are characterized
selves. .We need art to keep us healthy. by leaving in evidence the consumer society of that time. It also has a need to raise
Art is a history lesson, an historical record, a preservation of culture, and an autobiography awareness and intellectualize art. From 1968, this great artistic stage ends to give rise to
all in one. Art documents events and experiences and allows us a richer understanding of history. postmodernism .
Art reflects cultural values, beliefs and identity and helps to preserve the many different
communities that make up our world. Art chronicles our own lives and experiences over time. We The Philippine arts in THREE MAJOR TRADITIONS
need art to understand and to share our individual and shared history.
The creation of art is a collective activity. Art forms such as dance, theatre and choir all 1. ETHNIC TRADITION
require a group of artists and an audience. Even the solitary painter or poet relies upon the craft of The ETHNIC ART forms are primarily influenced by the geographical location and the
the paint-maker or book-binder to help create art. Art offers us a reason to come together and experiences of the Filipinos.
share in an experience. We need art to keep us connected. Indigenous Art- Philippines already has before the colonization came.
Ethnic Art – was formed are primarily influenced by the geographical location and the experiences
CONTEMPORARY ART of the Filipinos.
Contemporary art is the art of today, produced in the second half of the 20th century or Dances – in the country during the pre-colonial times vary depending on the area where our
in the 21st century. Contemporary artists work in a globally influenced, culturally diverse, and ancestors thrive.
technologically advancing world. Their art is a dynamic combination of materials, methods, Visual arts: pottery, weaving, wood carving, and metal crafting were dominant during the pre-
concepts, and subjects that continue the challenging of boundaries that was already well colonial period making use of the available materials surrounding them.
underway in the 20th century. Architecture, the early filipinos used local materials such as anahaw, bamboo, cogon, cane,
rattan, and other light materials in constructing structures since t Folk Literature which came in
10 CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTEMPORARY ART the in the forms of folk speeches, songs, and narratives. This is verbalized their experiences.
1. Fauvism TheaterArts tribal presentations and rituals were the early theatrical performances depicting their
It comprises the first of the expressions of contemporary art. Its name refers to a group of beliefs. These were the materials accessible in their area.
French painters who in 1905 filled the Paris autumn salon with works. The specific
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In Music, our ancestors also have their indigeneous musical instruments like the bamboo flutes today. Our contemporary art concurrently reflects the realities and values in the Philippine society;
and brass gongs. its variety reflects the mosaic of our own cultural diversity.
MODERN ART
2. SPANISH COLONIAL TRADITION A period set chronologically after the Neoclassical(academic)period. This was pioneered in the
Spaniards who tend to replace the Philippine indigenous arts with Western art forms. Philippines by Victorio Edades in 1928, influenced by western Modern art.
Religion and secularization greatly influenced the art in the Philippines within the period. Statistically, it often rejected the use of realistic elements in their artworks, having preference for
Friars were the ones supervising the practice of arts in the country with their agenda of linearity, flatness of the pictorial plane, subjective use of color, and rejecting the idealized beauty
propagating Christianity and maintaining the power of the colonizers. in their subject matter.
In the field of Literature, the literary works could be classified into religious and secular prose and NEO-REALISM
poetry. A group of artist who exemplified a new kind of modernism emerged, and this was observed by
Theater Arts, secular and religious plays like the “komedya” become popular. the artist-writer E. Aguilar Cruz who named the movement Neo-Realism.
In choreography, religious dances commonly performed to venerate patrons and saints Neo-realism in painting was established by the ex-Camden Town Group painters Charles Ginner
proliferated. There were also secular dances performed in social functions like the valse, fandango, and Harold Gilman at the beginning of World War I. They set out to explore the spirit of their age
polka, and minuet, among others. through the shapes and colours of daily life.
In Music, the Spaniards introduced the piano and other Western instruments. Bands and SOCIAL REALISM
Orchestra multiplied as the zarzuelas and operas became prevalent. An art movement that started within the Modern Art period during the 1970’s to the 1980’s. it
In visual arts, Spaniards introduced painting and sculpture which mostly depicted religious subject aimed to expose the current sociopolitical issues by depicting the reality of the masses, tackling
matters. In architecture, stones and bricks were predominantly used in constructing buildings like such themes as the struggle of the marginalized, inequality, and forms of repression.
churches, houses, and government offices NEOCLASSIC
In architecture, stones and bricks were predominantly used in constructing buildings like An artistic style prevalent in Europe from the mid-1700s to the late 1800s ; also called Academic
churches, houses, and government offices. Western Spanish influence was evident in architecture, style from the art academies, which taught students techniques after this manner.
the exterior, and interior of the buildings were embellished with wood carvings. This style usually employed classical (Greco-Roman)ideals of beauty and proportion of the
Western Spanish influence was evident in architecture, the exterior, and interior of the human figure, frequently tackling subjects from history, mythology, and literature, with refined
buildings were embellished with wood carvings or metal works with intricate decorative designs. realistic rendering technique that had a theatrical effect.
However , despite the strong influence of the Spaniards, the arts in the country did not Filipino proponents, such as Juan Luna and Fernando Amorsolo, usually displayed Neoclassical
result in a pure Western and indigenous art. Filipino artist still put Filipino touches on their art pieces. leanings but also incorporated techniques and themes from the Romantic movement.
More than 300 years of Spanish colonization where they led the Philippines. INTEGRATIVE
Refers to the characteristics of Contemporary Art in which the artist is free to integrate any
3. THE AMERICAN COLONIAL AND CONTEMPORARY TRADITIONS. medium and any art form or style in order to express their artistic intention, without being limited to
The American brought about many changes in the politics, economy, education and conform to a stylistic trend in order to be called contemporary.
culture of the Philippines. In the area of Education, there are Filipinos who went abroad to study,
some studied under the tutelage of the American educators, and some learned through LESSON 2: CONTEMPORARY ART FORMS AND PRACTICES FROM THE REGION
observation. CONTEMPORARY ART FORM
American educators, and some learned through observation and personal experiences. Form is one of the seven elements of art and connotes a three-dimensional object in
Those who went abroad to study came back to the country carrying the concept of modern art. space. A formal analysis of a work of art describes how the elements and principles of artwork
Modern Art refers to the practice of art in the 1860s-1960s. it was during these years that together independent of their meaning and the feelings or thoughts they may evoke in the viewer.
the western world was significantly developing. The urbanization, consumerism, rise of the middle Finally, form is also used to describe the physical nature of the artwork, as in metal sculpture, an oil
class, change in the political system, secularization, and emergence of new. painting, etc.
Technology affected the way of art making in that period. Due to the technological
innovations, the experimental approaches in developing art rose above traditional art practices 7 MAJOR CONTEMPORARY ART FORM
and methodologies. MUSIC
New forms of expression came which were avantgarde in nature. Modern art continuously VISUAL ART
develops even after World War II, which led to the Contemporary way of art making today. DANCE
Contemporary art refers to the recent and current practice of art ranging from the 1970s THEATRE
up to the present. It mirrors the society and culture of he present times. It uses a combination of LITERATURE
different methods, materials, and ideas that transcend the traditional way of art making. FILM
All Philippine art forms had a different twist as the American way of life became a part of ARCHITECTURE
lives of the Filipinos. The art forms and art practices in the country broadened. Artists experimented
with different materials and methodologies and produced non-conventional artworks with a wide-  MUSIC
range of themes. What is Traditional Filipino Music?
It reflects the way of life, beliefs, and traditions of the rural folks.
CONTEMPORARY ART
The art of the present. It usually moves with the perception of present time, making our This type of music usually glorifies the beauty of nature and man’s strong connection with his
judgment of it rather difficult because of our proximity to it. It also applies as the art of artists living environment.
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Characteristics of traditional Philippine Music Some Famous Filipino Composers of Contemporary Music
Traditional Philippine Music has been influenced by other culture as a result of either intercultural 1. Dr. Ramon Pagayon Santos
meetings or colonization. 2. Ryan Cayabyab
One of it’s distinct characteristics is it’s employment of diatonic scale rather than the usual Asian 3. Nicanor Abelardo
pentatonic scale. 4. Antonio Buenaventura
The word “diatonic” is a Greek word that means progressing through tones. 5. Eliseo Pajaro
6. Rosendo Santos
1. Ethnic 7. Jose Maceda
(Gongs and Kulintang) 8. Ramon Santos
A. The Muslim’sKulintang is an ensemble composed of a set of eight gongs of graduated sizes
arranged in a row. PHILIPPINE CONTEMPORARY MUSIC
The Kulintang includes: Gandingan (a set of suspended gongs), Agung (a tabular drum) and; Philippine music continuously evolved, and pinoy pop or the filipino pop music took place
Babandil (a small gong). pinoy pop covers different forms like jazz, dance hits, folksong revival, rock and roll, rap etc.
B. The Gangsa ensemble is played according to the traditions of the different tribes
(Kalinga, Ifugao, Bontoc) of the Cordillera. It is a smooth surfaced gong with a narrow rim. ORIGINAL PINOY MUSIC
2. Hispanic The OPM is a kind of music purely Filipino and is composed and sung by filipino composers and
A. Rondalla – originated in Spain but became most popular in singers.
Philippine folk music after it was introduced during the 19th century. It is an ensemble of 1. Freddie Aguilar
stringed instrument with the pick such as banduria, laud, octavina, guitar, and bajo de uñas. 2. Julian Felipe
B. Sarsuwela- is a combination of melodrama. Songs and dances. Same with 3. Eli Buendia
rondalla,sarsuwela was also introduced by the Spaniards. The rondalla serves as 4. Herber Bartolome
accompaniment of the sarsuwela. 5. Florante De Leon

3. Filipino This type of music sprouted out of protest that later on included themes like Filipino values,
A. Kundiman- an art song that speaks about the love of a man for a woman. It is usually written political and environmental concerns, and other social themes.
in ¾ time signature and usually in a minor key and then shifts to the major key. This
arrangement usually gives the listener a light and happy mood at the end of the song. PHILIPPINE MUSIC
B. Balitao - an old Visayan folk song and dance where a man and woman engage in a At present, different music genre like pop, rock, OPM, indigenous music, jazz, rap, a
debate by means of a song. The lyrics are usually humorous and spontaneously performed. mixture of different genre like ethnic rock, and many other forms exist in the music industry. Also
C. The Musikang Bumbong or Bamboo – a band that uses improvised instrument made of rock bands and pop stars entered the limelight.
bamboo. The bamboo band includes piccolo, tuba, clarinets, flutes, and saxophones made of Rock Bands
bamboo. Musikang bumbong or Bamboo music is still played during festivals. 1. Bamboo
2. Parokya ni Edgar
What are the classifications of Philippine traditional musical Instruments? 3. Rivermay
1. Instruments that are blown – aerophones (whether made of wood or bamboo) 4. Spongecola
2. Instruments that are stuck – idiophones and membranophones 5. 6 cycle mind
3. Instruments that are plucked – chordophones
 DANCE
What are some traditional Filipino Music Instruments? Europian Time
Traditional instruments are sound-producing tools used as accompaniment for rituals such Classical Ballet were introduced.
as harvest, courtship, and worship. Ballet dance group from other countries went to Philippines to perform.
INSTRUMENT: Remedios de Oteyza (Born: 7 June 1920
Kudlung – two stringed lute made of wood Died: 25 June 1978) was taught by ballter intructor.
Kudyapi – two- stringed boat-shaped lute Birth of Modern Dance
Serongagandi – decorated bamboo tube; closed by a node at both ends. Revolutionary in nature and does not conform rule of classical rule.
Saludoy – tube made of bamboo with five strings cut from the tube. Wide range of dances were introduced such as;
Afiw – brass instrument horizontally held by the tongue in front of the opened mouth. Western Dance
Balingbing – bamboo buzzer Asian Dance
Traditional Dance
What is Contemporary Philippine Music? Experimental Dance
Also known as “New Music” or Modern Music.
It pertains to compositions that have adopted elements of 20th century Western music as well as Under Folk DanceSocial and Folk Dance
the latest trends and musical styles in the entertainment industry and in the music world. Dance group were developed and influenced by European and American Dances like;
Valse/Waltz
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Rigudaun  VISUAL ART

Polka "Visual Arts" is a modern but imprecise umbrella term for a broad category of art which includes a
Fandango number of artistic disciplines from various sub-categories.
Jota PRIMARY BRANCHES OF VISUAL ARTS
1. Fine Arts
Francisco Reyes-Aquino -All fine art belongs to the general category of visual arts. These include activities such as: Drawing,
She integrated in Bureau of Education. Researched the Philippine Folk Dance. Painting, Printmaking and Sculpture, along with associated activities like Graphic art, Manuscript
Francisca Reyes-Aquino was a Filipino folk dancer and academic noted for her research on Illumination, Book Illustration, Calligraphy and Architecture.
Philippine folk dance. She is a recipient of the Republic Award of Merit and the Ramon Magsaysay 2. Contemporary Arts
Award and is a designated National Artist of the Philippines for Dance. The visual arts also include a number of modern art forms, such as: Assemblage, Collage, Mixed-
media, Conceptual Art, Installation, Happenings and Performance art, along with film-based
CONTEMPORARY PERIOD disciplines such as Photography, Video Art and Animation, or any combination thereof. This group
of activities also includes high tech disciplines like computer graphics and giclee prints. Another
INDIGENOUS DANCE were developed commonly known for Rituals and Ceremony modern visual art, is the new environmental or Land art, which also includes transitory forms like
FOLK DANCE ice/snow sculpture, and (presumably) graffiti art.
Folk dance refers to the dances created and performed collectively by the ordinary 3. SCULPTURE
people. The term usually includes: so-called “ethnic dances” such as those of the cultural A branch of visual arts that operates in three dimensions and one of the plastic arts.
community . Durable sculptural processes originally used as carving (the removal of clay) in stone, metal,
List of Philippine Folk Dances ceramics wood and other materials.
Pandanggo
Tinikling PEOPLE KNOWN IN DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF VISUAL ARTS
Singkil 1. DIOSDADO LORENZO
Maglalatik -Diosdado M. Lorenzo was active/lived in Italy, Philippines. Diosdado Lorenzo is known for painting;
Cariňosa expressionist landscapes.
Itik-itik FAMOUS LINE: "Can one teach Philippine art history without mentioning Diosdado Lorenzo?"
Binausan
Pangalay 2. VICTORIO C. EDADES
Subli Victorio C. Edades (December 23, 1895 – March 7, 1985) was a Filipino painter. He led the
Sagayan revolutionary Thirteen Moderns, who engaged their classical compatriots in heated debate over
Sayaw sa Bangko the nature and function of art. He was named a National Artist in 1976.
Pantomina -Was born on December 23, 1895 to Hilario and Cecilia Edades. He was the youngest of ten
JAZZ DANCE children (six of whom died of smallpox). He grew up in Barrio Bolosan in Dagupan, Pangasinan. His
Jazz is defined as “a kind of music in which improvisation is typically an important part. In artistic ability surfaced during his early years.
most jazz performances, players play solos which they make up on the spot, which requires
considerable skill. ARTIST’S ON THE THIRTEEN MODERNS
Jazz dance is fundamentally a popular dance of African-American and Carribean 1. Galo B. Ocampo
MODERN DANCE 2. Carlos V. Francisco (National Artist, 1973)
Modern dance is a theatrical-dance form of contemporary approach, technique, 3. Vicente Manansala (National Artist, 1981)
or style, emerging from and reflective of the 20th century 4. Hernando R. Ocampo (National Artist, 1991)
POP DANCE 5. Cesar Legaspi (National Artist, 1990)
Dance-pop is a popular music sub-genre that originated in the early 1980s. It is generally 6. Demetrio Diego
uptempo music intended for nightclubs with the intention of being danceable but also suitable for 7. Diosdado Lorenzo
contemporary hit radio. 8. Jose Pardo
HIPHOP DANCE 9. Ricarte Purugganan
Hip-hop dance refers to street dance styles primarily performed to hip-hop music or that 10. Bonifacio Cristobal
have evolved as part of hip-hop culture. It includes a wide range of styles primarily breaking which 11. Arsenio Capili
was created in the 1970s and made popular by dance crews in the United States. 12. Anita Magsaysay-Ho
SOCIAL DANCING 13. Victorio Edades
Social dancing is principally performed among ethnic or hispanized groups to celebrate
the landmarks in the cycle of life, such as births, baptisms, and weddings; to mark harvests of rice or Napoleon Abueva
fish, victory in war, and in the case of Christian areas, the feasts of patron saints or the visit of Became famous for his modern work. His work piece is made from the different variety of woods,
important personages metals, and stones. He combine all this materials to produce unique sculptures.
Cha-cha-cha, Jive, Rumba, Samba, Salsa Other sculptures joined Abueva in his modernism and produced creative works using plastics, jade,
brass and other materials.
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His works reflects the dynamism, freedom of expression and concern to the masses. His works include the UP oblation and the Bonifacio Monument in Caloocan City. His other
This kind of art continued to flourish, and the number of artists eager of creating innovations works include Bronze of President Manuel Quezon, busts of Jose Rizal, and a marble statue of Pres.
increased. Ramon Magsaysay which is installed in GSIS Building.

Ang Kiukok He also did the official seal of the Republic of the Philippines.
Filipino painter
Ang Kiukok was a Filipino painter of Chinese descent and was a National Artist for Visual Arts. THEME & CONTEXT
Wikipedia
Born: 1 March 1931, Davao
Died: 9 May 2005, Quezon City
Artworks: Angry Figure, Fighting Figures, Fishermen with Catch, MORE
Award: National Artist of the Philippines
Ang Kiukok was the only son in his family and he had four sisters. Ang Kiukok was originally meant to
be named Ang Hua Shing ("Hua Shing" literally means "Chinese-born") but did not push through with
the plan upon learning that his cousin was given the name by Kiukok's uncle.
Ang was taught by a commercial artist at a young age on how to make charcoal portrait.His
influence at the time was the artworks of Qi Baishi. After World War II, the family moved to
Cotabato. Ang made movie billboards here and later his family moved to Manila, where he
attended the University of Santo Tomas where one of his mentors was Vicente Manansala.[3] He
studied in the university from 1952 to 1954.
THEME
IMPY PILAPIL
The subject matter of a work of art refers to the basic material that constitutes the content of the
-An artist who developed his artistry on the hallucination of life and in nature.
work.
-She developed his unique masterpiece by the use of glass, with the elegant oceanic theme.
It is also called the subject that refers to the subjective connotation expressed and revealed
-Explore the use of glass in making sulptures. Surealism emerged which explored the world of
through the artistic image.
dream.
Relationship:
“the theme is the basis of the theme, and the theme is the refinement, generalization and
NESTOR LEYNES
sublimation of the theme. The theme is the soul and command of the entire art work”
Nestor Leynes
Filipino painter
 THE BIG IDEA
Nestor Garcia Leynes, Sr was a Filipino realist painter. Leynes is regarded as one of the leaders of
 Subject Matter
the "Magic Realist" movement of the Philippines. He was born in Santa Cruz, Manila.
 Artist’s Point of View
Wikipedia
 Visual Sources
Born: 26 February 1922, Santa Cruz, Manila
 Reference to other Areas
Died: 18 March 2016, Quezon City
Education: University of the Philippines
CONTEXT
Known for: Painting
Context is the environment in which a work of art originates—it is not part of the work.
Genre painting is showing the lives of townfolks, legends and traditions stayed in the Philippines
contemporary period.
Elements to context
Moreover, the use of indigenous of materials became a trend in sculptures and installation art to
-Biographical
promote environmental avenues.
-Cultural
SURREALISM- artist combines images or events in a very strange or dreamlike way.
-philosophical
GUILERMO TOLENTINO
Refers to settings, conditions, circumstances, and occurrence affecting production and
Filipino sculptor
reception or audience response to artwork.
Guillermo Estrella Tolentino was a Filipino sculptor and professor of the University of the Philippines.
It is a set of background information that enables us to formulate meanings about works of art and
He was designated as a National Artist of the Philippines for Sculpture in 1973, three years before his
not how context affects form.
death.
Significance is subjective
The Oblation (Filipino: Pahinungod, Oblasyon) is a concrete statue by Filipino artist
Meaning is objective
Guillermo E. Tolentino which serves as the iconic symbol of the University of the Philippines. It depicts
a man facing upward with arms outstretched, symbolizing selfless offering of oneself to his country.
Context provides the most important set of elements for determining meaning, including any
statements the artist himself may make about the work.
6

8. NAPOLEON V. ABUEVA
LESSON 3: NATIONAL ARTIST AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION 9. J. ELIZALDE NAVARRO
10. FRANCISCO COCHING
ARCHITECTURE 11. HERNANDO R. OCAMPO
1. Juan F. Nakpil 12. VICTORIO C. EDADES
Architect, civil engineer, teacher and civic leader, is a pioneer and innovator in Philippine 13. ANG KIUKOK
architecture. 14. JOSE T. JOYA
In essence, Nakpil's greatest contribution is his belief that there is such a thing as Philippine 15. VICENTE MANANSALA
Architecture, espousing architecture reflective of Philippine traditions and culture. It is also 16. BENEDICTO CABRERA
largely due to his zealous representation and efforts that private Filipino architects and
engineers, by law, are now able to participate in the design and execution of FILM
government projects. 1. LAMBERTO V. AVELLANA
He has integrated strength, function, and beauty in the buildings that are the country's 2. LINO BROCKA
heritage today. He designed the 1937 International Eucharistic Congress altar and rebuilt Catalino “Lino” Ortiz Brocka, director for film and broadcast arts, espoused the term
and enlarged the Quiapo Church in 1930 adding a dome and a second belfry to the “freedom of expression” in the Philippine constitution. Brocka took his social activist spirit to
original design. In 1973, he was named one of the National Artists for architecture, and the screen leaving behind 66 films which breathed life and hope for the marginalized
tapped as the Dean of Filipino Architects. sectors of society — slumdwellers, prostitute, construction workers, etc. He also directed
2. Pablo S. Antonio for theatre with equal zeal and served in organizations that offer alternative visions, like
Born at the turn of the century, national artist for architecture Pablo Sebero the philippine educational theatre association (PETA) and the Concerned Artists of the
Antonio pioneered modern Philippine architecture. His basic design is grounded on Philippines (CAP).
simplicity, no clutter. The lines are clean and smooth, and where there are curves, these 3. ISHMAEL BERNAL
are made integral to the structure. Pablo Jr. points out, “For our Father, every line must 4. MANUEL CONDE
have a meaning, a purpose. For him, function comes first before elegance or form“. 5. GERARDO DE LEON
3. Leandro V. Locsin 6. EDDIE S. ROMERO
4. Ildefonso P. Santos Is a screenwriter, film director and producer, is the quintessential Filipino filmmaker whose
5. Jose Maria V. Zaragosa life is devoted to the art and commerce of cinema spanning three generations of
filmmakers. His film “Ganito kami noon…paano kayo ngayon?,” Set at the turn of the
VISUAL ARTS century during the revolution against the Spaniards and, later, the American colonizers,
1. FERNANDO AMORSOLO follows a naïve peasant through his leap of faith to become a member of an imagined
The country had its first National Artist in Fernando C. community.
Amorsolo. The official title “Grand Old Man of Philippine Art” was bestowed on Amorsolo 7. RONALD ALAN K. POE
when the Manila Hilton inaugurated its art center on January 23, 1969 with an exhibit of a Popularly known as Fernando Poe, Jr., was a cultural icon of tremendous audience
selection of his works. Returning from his studies abroad in the 1920s, Amorsolo developed impacT And cinema artist and craftsman– as actor, director, writer and producer.
the backlighting technique that became his trademark where figures, a cluster of leaves,
spill of hair, the swell of breast, are seen aglow on canvas. This light, Nick Joaquin opines, is LITERATURE
the rapture of a sensualist utterly in love with the earth, with the Philippine sun, and is an 1. FRANCISCO ARCELLANA
accurate expression of Amorsolo’s own exuberance. His citation underscores all his years 2. EDITH L. TIEMPO
of creative activity which have “defined and perpetuated a distinct element of the 3. BIENVENIDO LUMBERA
nation’s artistic and cultural heritage”. 4. N.V.M. GONZALEZ
2. CARLOS“BOTONG” FRANCISCO Better known as N.V.M. Gonzalez, fictionist, essayist, poet, and teacher, articulated the
The poet of angono, singlehandedly revived the forgotten art of mural and remained its Filipino spirit in rural, urban landscapes.
most distinguished practitioner for nearly three decades. Among the many recognitions, he won the first commonwealth literary contest in 1940,
3. CESAR LEGASPI received the republic cultural heritage award in 1960 and the gawad CCP para sa sining
4. ABDULMARI ASIA IMAO in 1990. The awards attest to his triumph in appropriating the English language to express,
5. GUILLERMO E. TOLENTINO reflect and shape Philippine culture and Philippine sensibility. He became U.P.’S
Guillermo Estrella Tolentino is a product of the revival period in Philippine art. Returning international-writer-inresidence and a member of the board of advisers of the U.P.
from Europe (where he was enrolled at the Royal Academy of fine arts, Rome) in 1925, he Creative writing center. In 1987, U.P. Conferred on him the doctor of humane letters,
was appointed as professor at the UP school of fine arts where the idea also of executing Honoris Causa, its highest academic recognition.
a monument for national heroes struck him. 5. VIRGILIO S. ALMARIO
The result was the UP oblation that became the symbol of freedom at the campus. 6. CIRILO F. BAUTISTA
Acknowledged as his masterpiece and completed in 1933, th Bonifacio Monument in 7. NICK JOAQUIN
Caloocan stands as an enduring symbol of the Filipinos’ cry for freedom. 8. AMADO V. HERNANDEZ
6. ARTURO LUZ 9. LAZARO FRANCISCO
7. FEDERICO AGUILAR ALCUAZ 10. F. SIONIL JOSE
7

One of the few living national artists, f. Sionil Jose is best known for creating the five-novel concept of a theater campus by bringing theater closer to students and audiences in the
masterpiece known as the Rosales saga: poon; tree; my brother, my executioner; the countryside.
pretenders; and mass. Set in the town of
Rosales, Pangasinan, it talks about the five generations of two families, the Samsons and DANCE
the Asperri, during the Spanish and American occupation. 1. FRANCISCA REYES AQUINO
11. CARLOS P. ROMULO Acknowledged as the folk dance pioneer. This Bulakeña began her research on folk
He was the only Asian to win America’s coveted Pulitzer Prize in Journalism for a series of dances in the 1920’s making trips to remote barrios in Central and Northern Luzon. Her
articles predicting the outbreak of World War II. Romulo, in all, wrote and published 18 research on the unrecorded forms of local celebration, ritual and sport resulted into a
books, a range of literary works which included The United (novel), I Walked with Heroes 1926 thesis titled “Philippine folk dances and games,” and arranged specifically for use by
(autobiography), I Saw the Fall of the teachers and playground instructors in public and private schools.
Philippines, Mother America, I See the Philippines Rise (wartime memoirs). 2. RAMON OBUSAN
His other books include his memoirs of his many years’ affiliations with United Nations (UN), He was a dancer, choreographer, stage designer and artistic director. He achieved
Forty Years: A Third World Soldier at the UN, and The Philippine Presidents, his oral history of phenomenal success in Philippine dance and cultural work.
his experiences serving all the Philippine presidents. 3. ALICE REYES
12. JOSE GARCIA VILLA 4. LEONOR OROSA GOQUINGCO
13. ALEJANDRO ROCES A Pioneer Filipino choreographer known to many as “the trailblazer,” “the mother of
14. ROLANDO S. TINIO Philippine theater dance,” and “Dean of Filipino performing arts critics.” She has
15. LEVI CELERIO produced stunning choreographies during her
A prolific lyricist and composer, is known for having effortlessly translating or rewriting lyrics 50-year career, highlighted by “Filipinescas: Philippine life, legend, and love,” which
of traditional Filipino melodies like “O maliwanag na buwan” (Iloko), “ako ay may elevated native folk dance to its highest stage of development.
singsing” (Pampango), and “Alibangbang” (Visaya). He’ also been immortalized in the 5. LUCRECIA REYES-URTULA
Guinness book of world records as the only person to make music using just a leaf.
MUSIC
FASHION DESIGN 1. ANTONINO BUENAVENTURA
1. RAMON VALERA 2. ERNANI J. CUENCO
The contribution of Ramon Valera, whose family hails from Abra, lies in the tradition of 3. FRANCISCO FELICIANO
excellence of his works, and his commitment to his profession, performing his magical 4. JOVITA FUENTES
seminal innovations on the Philippine terno. 5. HONORATA “ATANG” DELA RAMA
6. JOSE MACEDA
THEATRE 7. LUCIO SAN PEDRO
1. Daisy Avellana 8. LEVI CELERIO
An actor, director and writer. Born in Roxas 9. FELIPE PADILLA DE LEON
City, Capiz on January 26, 1917, she elevated legitimate theater and dramati arts to a 10. LUCRECIA R. KASILAG
new level of excellence by staging and performing in breakthrough productions of Classic If you’re a fan of Filipino artists that blend Filipino ethnic and western music, then you
Filipino and foreign plays and by encouraging the establishment of performing groups should probably get to know Lucrecia R. Kasilag. An educator, composer, performing
and the Professionalization of Filipino theater. artist, administrator, and cultural entrepreneur, she is seen as the pioneering figure for
2. Honorata “Atang” dela Rama fusing Filipino ethnic and western music, helping elevate Filipino’s appreciation for music.
3. Lamberto V. Avellana Her best work is the prize-winning toccata for percussions and winds, divertissement and
4. Rolando S. Tinio concertante, which incorporates indigenous Filipino instruments.
5. Salvador F. Bernal 11. ANTONIO J. MOLINA
He designed more than 300 productions distinguished for their originality since Versatile musician, composer, music educator was the last of the musical triumvirate, two
1969. Sensitive to the budget limitations of local productions, he harnessed the design of whom were Nicanor Abelardo and Francisco Santiago, who elevated music beyond
potential of inexpensive local materials, pioneering or maximizing the use of bamboo, raw the realm of folk music. At an early age, he took to playing the violoncello and played it
abaca, and abaca fiber, hemp twine, rattan chain links and gauze cacha. so well it did not take long before he was playing as orchestra soloist for the manila grand
6. Severino Montano opera house.
Playwright, director, actor, and theater organizer Severino 12. RAMON P. SANTOS
Montano is the forerunner in institutionalizing “legitimate theater” in the Philippines. Taking Ramon Pagayon Santos, composer, conductor and musicologist, is currently the country’s
up courses and graduate degrees abroad, he honed and shared his expertise with his foremost exponent of contemporary Filipino music. A prime figure in the second
countrymates. generation of Filipino composers in the modern idiom, Santos has contributed greatly to
7. Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero the quest for new directions in music, taking as basi non-western traditions in the
A teacher and theater artist who, in his 35 years of teaching, has mentored some of the Philippines and Southeast Asia.
country’s best filipino performing artists, including Joy Virata and Joonee Gamboa. He is 13. ANDREA VENERACION
also the founder and artistic director of the UP mobile theater, leading the way for the
LESSON 4: GAWAD SA MANLILIKHANG BAYAN AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION
8

Is one of the most difficult to master indigenous Filipino instrument.

Is Conferred on Filipinos who are at the forefront of the practice preservation, and
promotion of the nation’s traditional folk arts. 4. LANG DULAY
Objectives • Textile weaver, T’boli, Lake Sebu, South Cotabato
to honor and support traditional folk artists and to see to it that their skills and crafts are preserve. Tnalak – a kind of fabric made up of fine abaca fibers weaved with different designs which reflect
• Formalized in 1992, through Republic Act No. 7355, the Manlilikha ng Bayan Act. the traditions of the Tboli.
• The National Commission for the Culture and the Arts oversees its implementation.
• The award is tied with a program that ensures the transfer of their skills to new generations and 5. SALINTA MONON
the promotion of the craft both locally and internationally • Textile Weaver, Tagabawa Bagobo, Bansalan, Davao del Sur
• In 2014, the Senate of the Philippines adopted Senate Resolution • Start weaving at the of 12 through the Guidance of her mother.
No. (SRN)765 aimed at recognizing the accomplishments of the country’s living treasures. • She used to wear the traditional hand Woven tube skirt of the Bagobo. (sinukla and bandura)
EMBLEM
• The award logo is a representation of the human form used in traditional cloth. Below the logo is 6. ALONZO SACLAG
the phrase “Manlilikha ng Bayan” written in Baybayin,an ancient Filipino script used in the • Musician and Dancer, Lubugan, Kalinga A master of dance and performing arts. he has also
Philippines in the 16th century. mastered the dance patterns and movements associated with his people’s ritual. He is the founder
of the Kalinga Budong Dance Troupe to ensure that the music and dance of his ancestor are
CRITERIA passed to the younger generations.
1. Should be a Filipino citizen or a group of citizens belonging to an indigenous / traditional cultural
community anywhere in the Philippines, engaged in 7. FEDERICO CABALLERO
Filipino traditional art in the following categories: folk architecture, maritime transport, weaving, • Epic Chanter, Sulod-Bukidnon, Calinog, Iloilo Work for the documentation of the oral literature,
carving, performing arts, literature, graphic and plastic arts, ornament, textile or fiber art, pottery Particularly the epics of his People. Labaw Dunggon and Humadapnon. One epic could take as
and other artistic expressions of traditional culture; much as 162 hours to recite and Humadapnon is the longest epic to recite. 2 months of daily
2. Should have been engaged in the tradition and craft for a significant period of time with at least performances are required for it to be completely chanted.
50 years of existence and documentation;
3. Should have produced and performed of artistic, distinctive, and superior quality; 8. UWANG AHADAS
4. Should possess mastery of the tools and materials that are needed for the art and must have a • Musician, Yakan Lamitan, Basailan
reputation for being an art master and craft maker in the community where he /she belongs; • Is a Yakan, a people to whom instrumental music Is closely connected to the spiritual realm.
5. Should have passed on and/ or will pass on the traditional crafts and skills to other members of Kwintangan kayu – consisting of five wooden logs Hung horizontally, from the shortest to the
the community by virtue of teaching; longest. Played to serenade the palay , as lover woos his beloved.
6. In case when a Manlilikha ng Bayan candidate is incapable of teaching further his/ her craft and
skill due to age or infirmity; 9. DARHATA SAWABI
A. He / she should have created a significant body of work and has contributed to the • Textile Weaver, Tausug, Parang, Sulu
development of the tradition and craft • Weaving the Pis Syabit, the traditional cloth tapestry worn as a head covering by the Tausug of
B. He / she should have played a role in the preservation and revitalization of the artistic tradition in Jolo.
the community.
C. He/ she has been recognized as a master of his / her craft and admired for his character and 10. EDUARDO MUTUC
integrity in his / her community. • Metal smith, Kapampangan, Apalit, Pampanga
• Creating religious and secular art in silver, bronze and wood.
1. GINAW BILOG 11. HAJA AMINA APPI
Poet, Hanunuo Mangyan • Mat Weaver, Sama Tandubas, Tawi-Tawi
Panaytayan,Oriental Mindoro (1993) • The mat weaving is one of the treasured traditions of the Sama People. Their mat is made up of
• Ambahan – is a kind of poem consisting of seven syllable lines which most of the time contains Pandan Leaves w/c undergo tedious processes from Stripping, to sun dying, to dyeing up to
messages of love and friendship. weaving.

2. MASINO INTARAY 12. TEOFILO GARCIA

• Musician and Storyteller, Pala’wan Brookes Point, Palawan (1993) • Casque maker, Ilokano, San Quintin, Abra
• A musician and a poet whose Expertise were the Basal, Kulilal, and Bagit. • He make to wear Tabungaw, the gourd hat he makes and wears, is uniquely distinct in
• Basal – is kind of musical ensemble Played during the “tambilaw”, a ritual craftsmanship.
Of rice sharing among the Palawan People as an offering to the Lord of rice and during the
“tinapay”, a rice wine drinking. 13. MAGDALENA GAMAYO
• Textile weaver, Ilokano, Pinili, Ilocos Norte
3. SAMAON SULAIMAN • Abel – the textile weaving of Ilokano from local Cotton and other fibers.
• Musician, Mamasa Pano, Magundanao (1993) Traditional Patterns: Binakol and Inuritan (geometric design) Kusikos (spiral forms similar to orange)
• Master in playing the kutyapi, a 2-stringed plucked lute. The Kutyapi Sinan-sabong (Flowers)